一、编译安装httpd(httpd 2.4.4,相关软件包可到apache官网上下载)
# hwclock -s 将软件时间同步为硬件时间,防止安装软件时出错 1、解决依赖关系 httpd-2.4.4需要较新版本的apr和apr-util,因此需要事先对其进行升级。这里使用源码包进行升级(apr-1.5.2,apr-util-1.5.4 ) (1) 编译安装apr # tar xf apr-1.5.2.tar.bz2 # cd apr-1.5.2 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr # make && make install (2) 编译安装apr-util # tar xf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.bz2 # cd apr-util-1.5.4 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr # make && make install (3) httpd-2.4.4编译过程也要依赖于pcre-devel软件包,需要事先安装。 #yum -y install pcre-devel (4) 可在编译安装httpd时会报错:checking for OpenSSL version >=0.9.7 ... FAILED #yum -y install openssl-devel #yum update openssl 2、编译安装httpd-2.4.4 # tar xf httpd-2.4.4.tar.bz2 # cd httpd-2.4.4 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event (含义:--perfix=/usr/local/apache 指定安装路径;--sysconfdir=/etc/httpd 指定配置文件路径;--enable-so apache核心装载DSO,但实际不编译任何动态模块;--enable-ssl 支持ssl模块;--enable-cgi支持cgi模块;--enable-rewrite 支持url重写;--with-zlib支持zlib库文件;--with-pcre 包含pcre函数;--with-apr=/usr/local/apr 指定apr的路径;--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util 指明apr-util路径;--enable-modules=most 支持模块;支持共享模块;--with-mpm=event加载模块event) # make && make install 3、修改httpd的主配置文件,设置其Pid文件的路径 #vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf,添加如下行即可: PidFile "/var/run/httpd.pid" 4、提供SysV服务脚本/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd,内容如下: #!/bin/bash # # httpd Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: Apache is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve \ # HTML files and CGI. # processname: httpd # config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf # config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd # pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid
# Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then . /etc/sysconfig/httpd fi
# Start httpd in the C locale by default. HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}
# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if # mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user. INITLOG_ARGS=""
# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server # with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not # work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.
# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages. apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd} prog=httpd pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid} lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd} RETVAL=0
start() { echo -n $"Starting $prog: " LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile} return $RETVAL }
stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile} } reload() { echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then RETVAL=$? echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error" failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error" else killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP RETVAL=$? fi echo }
# See how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; status) status -p ${pidfile} $httpd RETVAL=$? ;; restart) stop start ;; condrestart) if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then stop start fi ;; reload) reload ;; graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus) $apachectl $@ RETVAL=$? ;; *) echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}" exit 1 esac
exit $RETVAL
而后为此脚本赋予执行权限并加入服务列表: # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd # chkconfig --add httpd 5.提供执行相关命令所需的环境变量 #vim /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh,添加以下内容: export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache/bin 6.至此,http服务配置结束,可以启动测试了 #service httpd restart 二、安装MySQL(我这里通过编译安装MySQL-5.6.33(通用二进制格式))
1.将下载好的压缩包解压至/usr/local,并进入此目录 # tar xf mysql-5.6.33-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local # cd /usr/local/ 2.为解压后的目录创建一个链接,并进入此目录 # ln -sv mysql-5.6.33-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql # cd mysql 3.创建MySQL用户(使其成为系统用户)和MySQL组 # groupadd -r -g 306 mysql # useradd -g 306 -r -u 306 mysql 4.使mysql下的所有文件都属于mysql用户和mysql组 # chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/* 5.提前准备一个分区用来创建逻辑卷(我这里用/dev/sda5),在此分区上创建逻辑卷并使其可以开机自动挂载使用。 # pvcreate /dev/sda5 # vgcreate myvg /dev/sda5 # lvcreate -n mydata -L 512M myvg # mkfs.ext4 /dev/myvg/mydata #vim /etc/fstab,添加以下内容: /dev/myvg/mydata /mydata ext4 defaults 0 0 # mkdir /mydata # mount -a 6.创建数据目录,并使其属于mysql用户和mysql组,其他人无权限 # mkdir /mydata/data # chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/data/ # chmod o-rw /mydata/data/ 7.准备安装所需的开发环境 # yum -y install perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 8.准备就绪,开始安装 # scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data 9.安装完成后为了安全,更改/usr/local/mysql下所有文件的权限 #chown -R root . 10.准备启动脚本,并使其开机自动启动 # cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld # chkconfig --add mysqld # chkconfig --list mysqld 11.编辑数据库配置文件 # cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf #vim /etc/my.cnf,修改和添加以下内容: datadir = /mydata/data 12.提供执行相关命令所需的环境变量 # vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 添加以下内容: export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin 13.至此,MySQL服务配置完成,可以启动测试 # systemctl start mysqld 三、编译安装php-5.5.38:(相关包可以到http://www.php.net/ 下载)
1.安装前准备: 1)想让编译的php支持mcrypt扩展,需要装两个包(这两个包需要额外下载): # rpm -ivh libmcrypt-2.5.8-13.el7.x86_64.rpm # rpm -ivh libmcrypt-devel-2.5.8-13.el7.x86_64.rpm 2)如果出现出现configure:error:xml2-config not found错误: # yum -y install libxml2 #yum -y install libxml2-devel 2.将源码包下载至本地,开始安装 # tar xf php-5.5.38.tar.bz2 #cd php-5.5.38 #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-openssl --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --enable-sockets --enable-fpm --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 (释义: --prefix=/usr/local/php指定php安装目录;--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysqlmysql安装目录,对mysql的支持;--with-openssl增加openssl的支持;--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_configmysqlin扩展技术,不仅可以调用MySQL的存储过程,处理MySQL事物,而且可以使访问数据库工作变得稳定; --enable-mbstring多字节字符串的支持; --with-freetype-dir打开对freetype字体库的支持; --with-jpeg-dir对jpeg格式图片的支持; --with-png-dir打开对png图片的支持; --with-zlib打开对zlib库的支持; --with-libxml-dir=/usr打开libxml2库的支持; --enable-xml打开对xml的支持; --enable-sockets打开socket支;--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs;整合apache,apxs功能是使用mod_so中的LoadModule指令,加载指定模块到apache,要求apache 要打开SO模块; --with-mcrypt算法; --with-config-file-path=/etc指定php.ini(配置文件)位置;--with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d是搜索下面的ini文件php.ini一起使用; --with-bz2打开对bz2文件的支持; ) #make #make install 3.为php提供配置文件 # cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini 4.配置php-fpm 为php-fpm提供Sysv init脚本,并将其添加至服务列表: # cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm # chkconfig --add php-fpm 5.为php-fpm提供配置文件: # cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf 6.编辑php-fpm的配置文件: # vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf 配置fpm的相关选项为你所需要的值 pm.max_children = 50 pm.start_servers = 5 pm.min_spare_servers = 2 pm.max_spare_servers = 8 7.接下来就可以启动php-fpm了: # service php-fpm start 四、配置虚拟主机支持使用fcgi
1、注释中心主机,启用虚拟主机,并启用mod_proxy_fcgi.so和mod_proxy.so模块 (在Apache httpd 2.4以后已经专门有一个模块针对FastCGI的实现,此模块为mod_proxy_fcgi.so,它其实是作为mod_proxy.so模块的扩充,因此,这两个模块都要加载) # vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf 注释:DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs" 启用:Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so 添加:AddType application/x-httpd-php .php AddType application/x-httpd-php.source .phps 修改:DirectoryIndex index.html index.php 2、需要先创建目录:/www/a.org/,并在其中提供测试页面 # mkdir -p /www/a.org # vim index.php <h1>my first </h1> <?php phpinfo(); ?> 3、编辑虚拟主机配置文件,并检查有无语法错误 # vim /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf 改为如下内容 <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot "/www/a.org" ProxyRequests Off(关闭正向代理功能) ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/www/a.org/$1 <Directory "/www/a.org"> Options none AllowOverride none Require all granted </Directory> ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log" CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common </VirtualHost> # httpd -t 4、现在即可重启httpd,进行测试了! # systemctl restart httpd 五、安装xcache,为php加速(我这里用xcache-3.1.2)
1.下载源码,解压 # tar xf xcache-3.1.2.tar.bz2 # cd xcache-3.1.2 2.使php加载xcache扩展 # /usr/local/php/bin/phpize 在此处可能遇到报错:Cannot find autoconf. Please check your autoconf installation and the $PHP_AUTOCONF environment variable.Then,return this script 原因:Autoconf是一个用于生成可以自动地配置软件源代码包以适应多种Unix类系统的 shell脚本的工具,需要安装。 解决办法: # cd /usr/src/ # tar -zvxf m4-1.4.9.tar.gz # cd m4-1.4.9/ # ./configure && make && make install # cd ../ # tar -zvxf autoconf-2.62.tar.gz # cd autoconf-2.62/ # ./configure && make && make install 3.编译安装 #./configure --enable-xcache -with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/ php-config #make #make install 结束后会生成:Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20121212/ 4.编辑配置文件 # mkdir /etc/php.d # cp xcache.ini /etc/php.d/ 5.重启php-fpm服务 # service php-fpm restart 此时访问到的页面会有xcache的扩展!
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