Ansible控制Windows操作步骤

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环境：
CentOS 6.75（Ansible 2.0）
Windows Server 2012 （PowerShell 4.0）

1、确保PowerShell版本为3.0以上

ansible要控制windows，必须要求windows主机的PowerShell版本为3.0以上，如果版本不满足要求需要升级PowerShell。
查看PowerShell版本可以使用以下命令

1	$PSVersionTable.PSVersion

如果版本不满足要求，可以使用下面脚本进行升级（将脚本内容保存到一个powershell脚本中，）

首先启动powershell必须是用超管权限启动，然后 set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned ，以后才能正确执行下面的脚本（脚本随便放哪都行，找到放置的对应路径就行）

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[html] view plain copy print? # Powershell script to upgrade a PowerShell 2.0 system to PowerShell 3.0   # based on http://occasionalutility.blogspo ... t-7-powershell.html   #   # some Ansible modules that may use Powershell 3 features, so systems may need   # to be upgraded.  This may be used by a sample playbook.  Refer to the windows   # documentation on docs.ansible.com for details.   #    # - hosts: windows   #   tasks:   #     - script: upgrade_to_ps3.ps1   # Get version of OS   # 6.0 is 2008   # 6.1 is 2008 R2   # 6.2 is 2012   # 6.3 is 2012 R2   if ($PSVersionTable.psversion.Major -ge 3)   {       write-host "Powershell 3 Installed already; You don't need this"       Exit   }   $powershellpath = "C:\powershell"   function download-file   {       param ([string]$path, [string]$local)       $client = new-object system.net.WebClient       $client.Headers.Add("user-agent", "PowerShell")       $client.downloadfile($path, $local)   }   if (!(test-path $powershellpath))   {       New-Item -ItemType directory -Path $powershellpath   }   # .NET Framework 4.0 is necessary.   #if (($PSVersionTable.CLRVersion.Major) -lt 2)   #{   #    $DownloadUrl = "http://download.microsoft.com/download/B/A/4/BA4A7E71-2906-4B2D-A0E1-80CF16844F5F/dotNetFx45_Full_x86_x64.exe"   #    $FileName = $DownLoadUrl.Split('/')[-1]   #    download-file $downloadurl "$powershellpath\$filename"   #    ."$powershellpath\$filename" /quiet /norestart   #}   #You may need to reboot after the .NET install if so just run the script again.   # If the Operating System is above 6.2, then you already have PowerShell Version > 3   if ([Environment]::OSVersion.Version.Major -gt 6)   {       write-host "OS is new; upgrade not needed."       Exit   }   $osminor = [environment]::OSVersion.Version.Minor   $architecture = $ENV:PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE   if ($architecture -eq "AMD64")   {       $architecture = "x64"   }    else   {       $architecture = "x86"    }    if ($osminor -eq 1)   {       $DownloadUrl = "http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/7/6/E76850B8-DA6E-4FF5-8CCE-A24FC513FD16/Windows6.1-KB2506143-" + $architecture + ".msu"   }   elseif ($osminor -eq 0)   {       $DownloadUrl = "http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/7/6/E76850B8-DA6E-4FF5-8CCE-A24FC513FD16/Windows6.0-KB2506146-" + $architecture + ".msu"   }   else   {       # Nothing to do; In theory this point will never be reached.       Exit   }   $FileName = $DownLoadUrl.Split('/')[-1]   download-file $downloadurl "$powershellpath\$filename"   write-host "$powershellpath\$filename"   Start-Process -FilePath "$powershellpath\$filename" -ArgumentList /quiet

执行完了之后，需要重启电脑（自动），然后可以使用get-host查看是否成功升级！

如果升级成功，继续执行下面的配置winrm的脚本

2、执行脚本配置vinrm

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[html] view plain copy print? # Configure a Windows host for remote management with Ansible   # -----------------------------------------------------------   #   # This script checks the current WinRM/PSRemoting configuration and makes the   # necessary changes to allow Ansible to connect, authenticate and execute   # PowerShell commands.   #    # Set $VerbosePreference = "Continue" before running the script in order to   # see the output messages.   #   # Written by Trond Hindenes <trond@hindenes.com>   # Updated by Chris Church <cchurch@ansible.com>   #   # Version 1.0 - July 6th, 2014   # Version 1.1 - November 11th, 2014   Param (       [string]$SubjectName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,       [int]$CertValidityDays = 365,       $CreateSelfSignedCert = $true   )   Function New-LegacySelfSignedCert   {       Param (           [string]$SubjectName,           [int]$ValidDays = 365       )       $name = New-Object -COM "X509Enrollment.CX500DistinguishedName.1"       $name.Encode("CN=$SubjectName", 0)       $key = New-Object -COM "X509Enrollment.CX509PrivateKey.1"       $key.ProviderName = "Microsoft RSA SChannel Cryptographic Provider"       $key.KeySpec = 1       $key.Length = 1024       $key.SecurityDescriptor = "D:PAI(A;;0xd01f01ff;;;SY)(A;;0xd01f01ff;;;BA)(A;;0x80120089;;;NS)"       $key.MachineContext = 1       $key.Create()       $serverauthoid = New-Object -COM "X509Enrollment.CObjectId.1"       $serverauthoid.InitializeFromValue("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1")       $ekuoids = New-Object -COM "X509Enrollment.CObjectIds.1"       $ekuoids.Add($serverauthoid)       $ekuext = New-Object -COM "X509Enrollment.CX509ExtensionEnhancedKeyUsage.1"       $ekuext.InitializeEncode($ekuoids)       $cert = New-Object -COM "X509Enrollment.CX509CertificateRequestCertificate.1"       $cert.InitializeFromPrivateKey(2, $key, "")       $cert.Subject = $name       $cert.Issuer = $cert.Subject       $cert.NotBefore = (Get-Date).AddDays(-1)       $cert.NotAfter = $cert.NotBefore.AddDays($ValidDays)       $cert.X509Extensions.Add($ekuext)       $cert.Encode()       $enrollment = New-Object -COM "X509Enrollment.CX509Enrollment.1"       $enrollment.InitializeFromRequest($cert)       $certdata = $enrollment.CreateRequest(0)       $enrollment.InstallResponse(2, $certdata, 0, "")       # Return the thumbprint of the last installed cert.       Get-ChildItem "Cert:\LocalMachine\my"| Sort-Object NotBefore -Descending | Select -First 1 | Select -Expand Thumbprint   }   # Setup error handling.   Trap   {       $_       Exit 1   }   $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"   # Detect PowerShell version.   If ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -lt 3)   {       Throw "PowerShell version 3 or higher is required."   }   # Find and start the WinRM service.   Write-Verbose "Verifying WinRM service."   If (!(Get-Service "WinRM"))   {       Throw "Unable to find the WinRM service."   }   ElseIf ((Get-Service "WinRM").Status -ne "Running")   {       Write-Verbose "Starting WinRM service."       Start-Service -Name "WinRM" -ErrorAction Stop   }   # WinRM should be running; check that we have a PS session config.   If (!(Get-PSSessionConfiguration -Verbose:$false) -or (!(Get-ChildItem WSMan:\localhost\Listener)))   {       Write-Verbose "Enabling PS Remoting."       Enable-PSRemoting -Force -ErrorAction Stop   }   Else   {       Write-Verbose "PS Remoting is already enabled."   }   # Make sure there is a SSL listener.   $listeners = Get-ChildItem WSMan:\localhost\Listener   If (!($listeners | Where {$_.Keys -like "TRANSPORT=HTTPS"}))   {       # HTTPS-based endpoint does not exist.       If (Get-Command "New-SelfSignedCertificate" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)       {           $cert = New-SelfSignedCertificate -DnsName $env:COMPUTERNAME -CertStoreLocation "Cert:\LocalMachine\My"           $thumbprint = $cert.Thumbprint       }       Else       {           $thumbprint = New-LegacySelfSignedCert -SubjectName $env:COMPUTERNAME       }       # Create the hashtables of settings to be used.       $valueset = @{}       $valueset.Add('Hostname', $env:COMPUTERNAME)       $valueset.Add('CertificateThumbprint', $thumbprint)       $selectorset = @{}       $selectorset.Add('Transport', 'HTTPS')       $selectorset.Add('Address', '*')       Write-Verbose "Enabling SSL listener."       New-WSManInstance -ResourceURI 'winrm/config/Listener' -SelectorSet $selectorset -ValueSet $valueset   }   Else   {       Write-Verbose "SSL listener is already active."   }   # Check for basic authentication.   $basicAuthSetting = Get-ChildItem WSMan:\localhost\Service\Auth | Where {$_.Name -eq "Basic"}   If (($basicAuthSetting.Value) -eq $false)   {       Write-Verbose "Enabling basic auth support."       Set-Item -Path "WSMan:\localhost\Service\Auth\Basic" -Value $true   }   Else   {       Write-Verbose "Basic auth is already enabled."   }   # Configure firewall to allow WinRM HTTPS connections.   $fwtest1 = netsh advfirewall firewall show rule name="Allow WinRM HTTPS"   $fwtest2 = netsh advfirewall firewall show rule name="Allow WinRM HTTPS" profile=any   If ($fwtest1.count -lt 5)   {       Write-Verbose "Adding firewall rule to allow WinRM HTTPS."       netsh advfirewall firewall add rule profile=any name="Allow WinRM HTTPS" dir=in localport=5986 protocol=TCP action=allow   }   ElseIf (($fwtest1.count -ge 5) -and ($fwtest2.count -lt 5))   {       Write-Verbose "Updating firewall rule to allow WinRM HTTPS for any profile."       netsh advfirewall firewall set rule name="Allow WinRM HTTPS" new profile=any   }   Else   {       Write-Verbose "Firewall rule already exists to allow WinRM HTTPS."   }   # Test a remoting connection to localhost, which should work.   $httpResult = Invoke-Command -ComputerName "localhost" -ScriptBlock {$env:COMPUTERNAME} -ErrorVariable httpError -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue   $httpsOptions = New-PSSessionOption -SkipCACheck -SkipCNCheck -SkipRevocationCheck   $httpsResult = New-PSSession -UseSSL -ComputerName "localhost" -SessionOption $httpsOptions -ErrorVariable httpsError -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue   If ($httpResult -and $httpsResult)   {       Write-Verbose "HTTP and HTTPS sessions are enabled."   }   ElseIf ($httpsResult -and !$httpResult)   {       Write-Verbose "HTTP sessions are disabled, HTTPS session are enabled."   }   ElseIf ($httpResult -and !$httpsResult)   {       Write-Verbose "HTTPS sessions are disabled, HTTP session are enabled."   }   Else   {       Throw "Unable to establish an HTTP or HTTPS remoting session."   }   Write-Verbose "PS Remoting has been successfully configured for Ansible."

• 注意：上面这个脚本是我网上找的，默认应该是没有启用SSL，所以使用的是HTTP认证，而不是HTTP认证
  
  

3、确认inrm是否开启
winrm quickconfig



4、配置winrm
执行下面两条命令配置winrm

1 2	C:\Users\Administrator> winrm set winrm/config/service/auth '@{Basic="true"}' C:\Users\Administrator> winrm set winrm/config/service '@{AllowUnencrypted="true"}'

5、ansible主机上安装pywinrm模块

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pip install http://github.com/diyan/pywinrm/archive/master.zip#egg=pywinrm [iyunv@SRV-OPS10-ANSIBLE04 files]# pip list | grep pywinrm You are using pip version 7.1.0, however version 8.1.2 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command. pywinrm (0.2.0)

6、测试ansible能否控制Windows
配信hosts文件和变量

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vim /etc/ansible/hosts [win] 172.16.206.150 vim /etc/ansible/group_vars/win.yml ansible_user: administrator ansible_password: "Pass123qwe" ansible_ssh_port: 5986 ansible_connection: winrm ansible_winrm_server_cert_validation: ignore

测试win_ping模块

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ansible win -m win_ping SRV-SPMS10-WEB02 | SUCCESS => {     "changed": false,     "ping": "pong" }

排错

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<172.16.206.150> ESTABLISH WINRM CONNECTION FOR USER: Administrator on PORT 5986 TO 172.16.206.150 172.16.206.150 | UNREACHABLE! => {     "changed": false,     "msg": "ssl: [Errno 1] _ssl.c:504: error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed",     "unreachable": true }

报以上错误是因为windows上没有开启SSL，所以不支持HTTPS，只能使用HTTP。
只需要修改ansible_ssh_port为5985

注意，ansible2.0以后，将ansible_ssh_prot,ansible_ssh_user,ansible_ssh_connection简写成了
ansible_port、ansible_user、ansible_connection

扩展：使用HTTPS

如果想使用HTTPS，则可以在第2步执行以下脚本

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# Configure a Windows host for remote management with Ansible # ----------------------------------------------------------- # # This script checks the current WinRM/PSRemoting configuration and makes the # necessary changes to allow Ansible to connect, authenticate and execute # PowerShell commands. # # Set $VerbosePreference = "Continue" before running the script in order to # see the output messages. # Set $SkipNetworkProfileCheck to skip the network profile check.  Without # specifying this the script will only run if the device's interfaces are in # DOMAIN or PRIVATE zones.  Provide this switch if you want to enable winrm on # a device with an interface in PUBLIC zone. # # Written by Trond Hindenes <trond@hindenes.com> # Updated by Chris Church <cchurch@ansible.com> # Updated by Michael Crilly <mike@autologic.cm> # # Version 1.0 - July 6th, 2014 # Version 1.1 - November 11th, 2014 # Version 1.2 - May 15th, 2015 # Version 1.3 - May 4th, 2016  By Roger # Version 1.4 - June 2th, 2016 By Roger Param (     [string]$SubjectName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,     [int]$CertValidityDays = 3650,     [switch]$SkipNetworkProfileCheck,     $CreateSelfSignedCert = $true ) Function New-LegacySelfSignedCert {     Param (         [string]$SubjectName,         [int]$ValidDays = 3650     )     $name = New-Object -COM "X509Enrollment.CX500DistinguishedName.1"     $name.Encode("CN=$SubjectName", 0)     $key = New-Object -COM "X509Enrollment.CX509PrivateKey.1"     $key.ProviderName = "Microsoft RSA SChannel Cryptographic Provider"     $key.KeySpec = 1     $key.Length = 1024     $key.SecurityDescriptor = "D:PAI(A;;0xd01f01ff;;;SY)(A;;0xd01f01ff;;;BA)(A;;0x80120089;;;NS)"     $key.MachineContext = 1     $key.Create()     $serverauthoid = New-Object -COM "X509Enrollment.CObjectId.1"     $serverauthoid.InitializeFromValue("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1")     $ekuoids = New-Object -COM "X509Enrollment.CObjectIds.1"     $ekuoids.Add($serverauthoid)     $ekuext = New-Object -COM "X509Enrollment.CX509ExtensionEnhancedKeyUsage.1"     $ekuext.InitializeEncode($ekuoids)     $cert = New-Object -COM "X509Enrollment.CX509CertificateRequestCertificate.1"     $cert.InitializeFromPrivateKey(2, $key, "")     $cert.Subject = $name     $cert.Issuer = $cert.Subject     $cert.NotBefore = (Get-Date).AddDays(-1)     $cert.NotAfter = $cert.NotBefore.AddDays($ValidDays)     $cert.X509Extensions.Add($ekuext)     $cert.Encode()     $enrollment = New-Object -COM "X509Enrollment.CX509Enrollment.1"     $enrollment.InitializeFromRequest($cert)     $certdata = $enrollment.CreateRequest(0)     $enrollment.InstallResponse(2, $certdata, 0, "")     # Return the thumbprint of the last installed certificate;     # This is needed for the new HTTPS WinRM listerner we're     # going to create further down.     Get-ChildItem "Cert:\LocalMachine\my"| Sort-Object NotBefore -Descending | Select -First 1 | Select -Expand Thumbprint } # Setup error handling. Trap {     $_     Exit 1 } $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop" Get-ChildItem cert:\LocalMachine\My | where-object {$_.Thumbprint -ne '6084E84C6B52584FB35050BFCBB02C0E639CECAC' -and $_.Thumbprint -ne "22919AFEDEFC7F6A75BB6CDC1366DC7A6A5C1953" } | ForEach-Object {     $store = Get-Item $_.PSParentPath     $store.Open('ReadWrite')     $store.Remove($_)     $store.Close() Write-Verbose "Deleted exist cert."     } If (Get-ChildItem WSMan:\localhost\Listener) {     winrm delete winrm/config/Listener?Address=*+Transport=HTTPS     Write-Verbose "Deleted exist Listener." } # Detect PowerShell version. If ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -lt 3) {     Throw "PowerShell version 3 or higher is required." } # Find and start the WinRM service. Write-Verbose "Verifying WinRM service." If (!(Get-Service "WinRM")) {     Throw "Unable to find the WinRM service." } ElseIf ((Get-Service "WinRM").Status -ne "Running") {     Write-Verbose "Starting WinRM service."     Start-Service -Name "WinRM" -ErrorAction Stop } # WinRM should be running; check that we have a PS session config. If (!(Get-PSSessionConfiguration -Verbose:$false) -or (!(Get-ChildItem WSMan:\localhost\Listener))) {   if ($SkipNetworkProfileCheck) {     Write-Verbose "Enabling PS Remoting without checking Network profile."     Enable-PSRemoting -SkipNetworkProfileCheck -Force -ErrorAction Stop   }   else {     Write-Verbose "Enabling PS Remoting"     Enable-PSRemoting -Force -ErrorAction Stop   } } Else {     Write-Verbose "PS Remoting is already enabled." } # Make sure there is a SSL listener. $listeners = Get-ChildItem WSMan:\localhost\Listener If (!($listeners | Where {$_.Keys -like "TRANSPORT=HTTPS"})) {     # HTTPS-based endpoint does not exist.     If (Get-Command "New-SelfSignedCertificate" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)     {         $cert = New-SelfSignedCertificate -DnsName $SubjectName -CertStoreLocation "Cert:\LocalMachine\My"         $thumbprint = $cert.Thumbprint         Write-Host "Self-signed SSL certificate generated; thumbprint: $thumbprint"     }     Else     {         $thumbprint = New-LegacySelfSignedCert -SubjectName $SubjectName         Write-Host "(Legacy) Self-signed SSL certificate generated; thumbprint: $thumbprint"     }     # Create the hashtables of settings to be used.     $valueset = @{}     $valueset.Add('Hostname', $SubjectName)     $valueset.Add('CertificateThumbprint', $thumbprint)     $selectorset = @{}     $selectorset.Add('Transport', 'HTTPS')     $selectorset.Add('Address', '*')     Write-Verbose "Enabling SSL listener."     New-WSManInstance -ResourceURI 'winrm/config/Listener' -SelectorSet $selectorset -ValueSet $valueset } Else {     Write-Verbose "SSL listener is already active." } # Check for basic authentication. $basicAuthSetting = Get-ChildItem WSMan:\localhost\Service\Auth | Where {$_.Name -eq "Basic"} If (($basicAuthSetting.Value) -eq $false) {     Write-Verbose "Enabling basic auth support."     Set-Item -Path "WSMan:\localhost\Service\Auth\Basic" -Value $true } Else {     Write-Verbose "Basic auth is already enabled." } # Configure firewall to allow WinRM HTTPS connections. $fwtest1 = netsh advfirewall firewall show rule name="Allow WinRM HTTPS" $fwtest2 = netsh advfirewall firewall show rule name="Allow WinRM HTTPS" profile=any If ($fwtest1.count -lt 5) {     Write-Verbose "Adding firewall rule to allow WinRM HTTPS."     netsh advfirewall firewall add rule profile=any name="Allow WinRM HTTPS" dir=in localport=5986 protocol=TCP action=allow } ElseIf (($fwtest1.count -ge 5) -and ($fwtest2.count -lt 5)) {     Write-Verbose "Updating firewall rule to allow WinRM HTTPS for any profile."     netsh advfirewall firewall set rule name="Allow WinRM HTTPS" new profile=any } Else {     Write-Verbose "Firewall rule already exists to allow WinRM HTTPS." } # Test a remoting connection to localhost, which should work. $httpResult = Invoke-Command -ComputerName "localhost" -ScriptBlock {$env:COMPUTERNAME} -ErrorVariable httpError -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue $httpsOptions = New-PSSessionOption -SkipCACheck -SkipCNCheck -SkipRevocationCheck $httpsResult = New-PSSession -UseSSL -ComputerName "localhost" -SessionOption $httpsOptions -ErrorVariable httpsError -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue ## Disable HTTP Listener --Roger If ($httpResult) {     winrm delete winrm/config/Listener?Address=*+Transport=HTTP } If ($httpResult -and $httpsResult) {    Write-Verbose "HTTP: Enabled | HTTPS: Enabled" } ElseIf ($httpsResult -and !$httpResult) {     Write-Verbose "HTTP: Disabled | HTTPS: Enabled" } ElseIf ($httpResult -and !$httpsResult) {     Write-Verbose "HTTP: Enabled | HTTPS: Disabled" } Else {     Throw "Unable to establish an HTTP or HTTPS remoting session." } Write-Verbose "PS Remoting has been successfully configured for Ansible."

注意：HTTPS认证需要创建证书，但是证书的有效期为一年，所以为了保证证书不过期，可以做一个计划任务的脚本，在windows主机每次重启时，执行这个脚本，这个每次重启后的证书是新的。