Oracle 11.2.0.4静默安装软件和创建数据库

86754653kk

在没有图形界面的情况时，安装Oracle数据库软件和创建数据库就只能使用命令行的方式进行。
本文假设安装的前提条件都已经配置好。

一、静默安装数据库软件

1、准备参数文件
这个参数文件是用于安装软件使用的，里边配置了需要安装的版本、语言、ORACLE_HOME等信息。
这个文件的模版在database/response目录下的db_install.rsp，文件中的各个参数作用参考http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882 ... _files.htm#OUICG183

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

#修改记录如下： oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY #只安装软件 UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall      #安装的操作系统用户组 INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory/ #Inventory目录路径 SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en  #安装语言 ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db #Oracle Home路径 ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle/  #Oracle Base路径 oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE #数据库版本 EE企业版 oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba  #DBA组所属的操作系统用户组 oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall #OPER组所属的操作系统用户组 DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true #必须设置为true，否则需要修改其他信息 #创建Inventory目录 [oracle@rhel6 11.2.0.4_database]$ cd /u01/app/ [oracle@rhel6 app]$ ls oracle [oracle@rhel6 app]$ mkdir oraInventory 2、静默安装 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 [oracle@rhel6 11.2.0.4_database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /opt/soft/11g/11.2.0.4_database/response/install.rsp Starting Oracle Universal Installer... Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 34496 MB    Passed Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 2047 MB    Passed Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2016-12-21_05-02-49PM. Please wait ...[oracle@rhel6 11.2.0.4_database]$ [WARNING] [INS-13014] Target environment do not meet some optional requ irements.   CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisites are not met. See logs for details. /tmp/OraInstall2016-12-21_05-02-49PM/installActions2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.log    ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log: /tmp/OraInstall2016-12-21_05-02-49PM/installActions2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.log. Then either from the log file or from installation manual f ind the appropriate configuration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.You can find the log of this install session at: /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.log #日志文件：/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.log [oracle@rhel6 11.2.0.4_database]$ The installation of Oracle Database 11g was successful. Please check '/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.log' for more details. As a root user, execute the following script(s):     1. /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh     2. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/root.sh Successfully Setup Software. 3、使用root执行脚本 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 [iyunv@rhel6 response]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory. Adding read,write permissions for group. Removing read,write,execute permissions for world. Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall. The execution of the script is complete. [iyunv@rhel6 response]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/root.sh Check /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/install/root_rhel6_2016-12-21_17-12-23.log for the output of root script [iyunv@rhel6 response]# cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/install/root_rhel6_2016-12-21_17-12-23.log Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g The following environment variables are set as:     ORACLE_OWNER= oracle     ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db    Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...    Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...    Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ... Creating /etc/oratab file... Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created Finished running generic part of root script. Now product-specific root actions will be performed. Finished product-specific root actions. Finished product-specific root actions. #测试sqlplus [oracle@rhel6 11.2.0.4_database]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Dec 21 17:16:19 2016 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> 4、手工建库 官方文档：http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882 ... create.htm#CIAEJDBE 4.1 配置环境变量 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db export ORACLE_SID=mydb export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin #创建数据文件存储目录 [oracle@rhel6 oracle]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE [oracle@rhel6 oracle]$ mkdir -p oradata/mydb 4.2 手工创建pfile 1 2 3 4 #此处只写必要的几个参数，生产上要按照实际情况写参数 [oracle@rhel6 ~]$ cat mydb.ora db_name=mydb control_files=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/control01.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/control02.ctl 4.3 启动实例到NOMOUNT状态 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 [oracle@rhel6 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Dec 21 17:26:31 2016 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup nomount pfile=/home/oracle/mydb.ora; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area  217157632 bytes Fixed Size         2251816 bytes Variable Size        159384536 bytes Database Buffers      50331648 bytes Redo Buffers           5189632 bytes 4.4 创建spfile并重启到NOMOUNT状态 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 SQL> create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/mydb.ora'; File created. SQL> shutdown immediate; ORA-01507: database not mounted ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup nomount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area  217157632 bytes Fixed Size         2251816 bytes Variable Size        159384536 bytes Database Buffers      50331648 bytes Redo Buffers           5189632 bytes 4.4 执行CREATE DATABASE语句创建数据库 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 SQL> CREATE DATABASE mydb   2     USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle   3     USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle   4     LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo01.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,   5             GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo02.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,   6             GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo03.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512   7     MAXLOGFILES 5   8     MAXLOGMEMBERS 5   9     MAXLOGHISTORY 1 10     MAXDATAFILES 100 11     CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK 12     NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16 13     EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL 14     DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE 15     SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE 16     DEFAULT TABLESPACE users 17        DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/users01.dbf' 18        SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED 19     DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1 20        TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/temp01.dbf' 21        SIZE 20M REUSE 22     UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs 23        DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/undotbs01.dbf' 24        SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED; Database created. 4.5 执行创建数据字典脚本 1 2 3 4 5 6 conn / as sysdba @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql conn system/oracle @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql 5、创建监听并启动 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 [oracle@rhel6 mydb]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin [oracle@rhel6 admin]$ ls samples  shrept.lst [oracle@rhel6 admin]$ vi listener.ora [oracle@rhel6 admin]$ cat listener.ora LISTENER=   (DESCRIPTION=     (ADDRESS_LIST=       (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel6)(PORT=1521))       (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc)))) [oracle@rhel6 admin]$ lsnrctl start LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 21-DEC-2016 17:41:13 Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved. Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/bin/tnslsnr: please wait... TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/listener.ora Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/rhel6/listener/alert/log.xml Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel6)(PORT=1521))) Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc))) Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel6)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                21-DEC-2016 17:41:15 Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 2 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/rhel6/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel6)(PORT=1521)))   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc))) The listener supports no services The command completed successfully 6、测试 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 C:\Users\victor>sqlplus system/oracle@192.168.56.3/mydb SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on 星期三 12月 21 17:51:05 2016 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved. 连接到: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> select open_mode from v$database; OPEN_MODE -------------------- READ WRITE