OneProxy实现MySQL分库分表

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OneProxy实现MySQL分库分表简介

Part1:写在最前

    随着网站的壮大，MySQL数据库架构一般会经历一个过程：

当我们数据量比较小的时候，一台单实例数据库足矣。等我们数据量增大的时候，我们会采用一主多从的数据库架构来降低我们的读写io。当我们某张业务表达到几百万上千万甚至上亿时，就应该去进行分表处理。本文演示OneProxy对数据库实现分表处理，对前端应用是透明的。

Part2:环境简介

HE1:192.168.1.248 Master1

HE3:192.168.1.250 Master2

HE4:192.168.1.251 Oneproxy

环境构建Part1:安装Oneproxy
Oneproxy的安装不是本文讲述的重点，需要的可移步至


Part2:proxy.cnf
proxy.cnf文件是oneproxy的主要参数配置文件，新版的oneproxy对整个目录进行了重新的划分，配置文件都放在了conf目录里

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[iyunv@HE4 oneproxy]# cat conf/proxy.conf [oneproxy] keepalive = 1 event-threads = 4 log-file = log/oneproxy.log pid-file = log/oneproxy.pid lck-file = log/oneproxy.lck mysql-version = 5.7.16 proxy-address = :3307 proxy-master-addresses.1 = 192.168.1.248:3306@group1 proxy-master-addresses.2 = 192.168.1.250:3306@group2 proxy-user-list = sys_admin/1C6D087BA5D2607A27DECB2F2AFE247E911E877A@test proxy-part-tables.1 = /root/oneproxy/conf/part.txt #proxy-part-tables.2 = /root/oneproxy/conf/part2.txt proxy-charset = utf8_bin proxy-group-policy.1 = group1:master-only proxy-group-policy.2 = group2:master-only proxy-secure-client = 192.168.1.248 proxy-sequence.1 = default proxy-httpserver = :8080 proxy-httptitle = OneProxy Monitor

Part3:part.txt
part.txt文件是分区策略配置文件，在本博文中，采取hash分区来进行简单演示

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[iyunv@HE4 oneproxy]# cat conf/part.txt [   {     "table" : "helei",     "pkey" : "id",     "type" : "int",     "method" : "hash",     "partitions" :            [         { "suffix" : "_0", "group": "group1" },         { "suffix" : "_1", "group": "group2" },         { "suffix" : "_2", "group": "group1" },         { "suffix" : "_3", "group": "group2"}       ]   } ]

实战Part1:启动OneProxy

1 2	[iyunv@HE4 oneproxy]# ./oneproxy.service start Starting OneProxy ...                                      [  OK  ]

Part2:监控页面
我这里是两台Master

Part3:创建相关表
登录oneproxy管理库创建表

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[iyunv@HE1 ~]# mysql -usys_admin -pMANAGER -h192.168.1.251 -P3307 test mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 103 Server version: 5.7.16 OneProxy-Community-5.8.5 (OneXSoft) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> create table helei(     -> id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,     -> c1 int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',     -> c2 int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,     -> c5 int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',     -> c3 timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,     -> c4 varchar(200) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',     -> PRIMARY KEY(id),     -> KEY idx_c1(c1),     -> KEY idx_c2(c2)     -> )ENGINE=InnoDB ; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.27 sec) mysql> \q

Part4:插入数据

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[iyunv@HE1 ~]# mysql -usys_admin -pMANAGER -h192.168.1.251 -P3307 test -e"insert into helei(id,c1,c2,c5,c4) values(1,1,1,1,'1')" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [iyunv@HE1 ~]# mysql -usys_admin -pMANAGER -h192.168.1.251 -P3307 test -e"insert into helei(id,c1,c2,c5,c4) values(2,2,2,2,'2')" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [iyunv@HE1 ~]# mysql -usys_admin -pMANAGER -h192.168.1.251 -P3307 test -e"insert into helei(id,c1,c2,c5,c4) values(3,3,3,3,'3')" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [iyunv@HE1 ~]# mysql -usys_admin -pMANAGER -h192.168.1.251 -P3307 test -e"insert into helei(id,c1,c2,c5,c4) values(4,4,4,4,'4')" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

校验Part1:校验oneproxy表内容
这里可以看到虚拟表helei中已经具有刚刚插入的内容；

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[iyunv@HE1 ~]# mysql -usys_admin -pMANAGER -h192.168.1.251 -P3307 test -e"select * from helei"; mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ | id | c1 | c2   | c5 | c3                  | c4 | +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ |  4 |  4 |    4 |  4 | 2016-12-23 00:07:21 | 4  | |  1 |  1 |    1 |  1 | 2016-12-23 16:07:04 | 1  | |  2 |  2 |    2 |  2 | 2016-12-23 00:07:10 | 2  | |  3 |  3 |    3 |  3 | 2016-12-23 16:07:16 | 3  | +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+

Part2:校验Master1中的内容

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[iyunv@HE1 ~]# mysql -uroot -pMANAGER test mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 158 Server version: 5.7.16-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show tables; +----------------+ | Tables_in_test | +----------------+ | checksums      | | helei_0        | | helei_2        | | sbtest         | +----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from helei_0; +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ | id | c1 | c2   | c5 | c3                  | c4 | +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ |  4 |  4 |    4 |  4 | 2016-12-23 00:07:21 | 4  | +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from helei_2; +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ | id | c1 | c2   | c5 | c3                  | c4 | +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ |  2 |  2 |    2 |  2 | 2016-12-23 00:07:10 | 2  | +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Part3:校验Master2中的内容

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[iyunv@HE3 ~]# mysql -uroot -pMANAGER test Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2997 Server version: 5.7.16-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show tables; +----------------+ | Tables_in_test | +----------------+ | checksums      | | helei_1        | | helei_3        | +----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from helei_1; +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ | id | c1 | c2   | c5 | c3                  | c4 | +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ |  1 |  1 |    1 |  1 | 2016-12-23 16:07:04 | 1  | +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from helei_3; +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ | id | c1 | c2   | c5 | c3                  | c4 | +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ |  3 |  3 |    3 |  3 | 2016-12-23 16:07:16 | 3  | +----+----+------+----+---------------------+----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

注意Warning:警告1
不支持预编译语句 PreparedStatement,不支持Bind、Execute调用接口。

Warning:警告2
不支持使用use命令来切换后端数据库，use命令可执行，但其含义是切换到不同的MySQL主备集群，OneProxy在支持分库分表功能后，就将一个主备集群视为一个数据库了，链接Oneproxy时如果指定了数据库名，则需替换成Server Group的名字

Warning:警告3
禁止使用set命令，任何set命令都会直接返回成功，而不做任何处理。

Warning:警告4
默认禁止CALL、PREPARE、EXECUTE、DEALLOCATE命令，不支持存储过程和函数。

Warning:警告5
OneProxy支持master进行故障转移切换，但建议采用流行的高可用方案MHA实现。故障切换后，OneProxy可以自动识别哪台机器是master。另外，架构必须是一主带N从，不能是双主带N从。

——总结——

至此，OneProxy对MySQL的分库分表测试完成，对于前端应用而言，表名是透明的。无需变更代码。由于笔者的水平有限，编写时间也很仓促，文中难免会出现一些错误或者不准确的地方，不妥之处恳请读者批评指正。