ubuntu下postfix邮件服务器安装
一，安装Postfix和相关软件包1.安装Postfix
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1. apt-get install postfix
在安装的过程中，会提示输入选择类型和域名。分别填写"only localhost"和"localhost"
2.安装mailx软件包
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1. apt-get install mailutils
mailx软件包是一个命令行的邮件属性程序，mail命令包含在mailx软件包里面
二，测试你的默认设置
1.添加测试用户（以fmaster为例）
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1. useradd -m -s /bin/bash fmaster
2. passwd fmaster
这里密码设置为test1234。在后述的测试中会用到。
2.用下面的命令测试,其实就是测试25端口是否打开
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1. telnet localhost 25
3.Postfix将在终端中显示如下提示，这样你就可以用来键入SMTP命令.
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1. root@ubuntu:~# telnet localhost 25
2. Trying 127.0.0.1...
3. Connected to localhost.
4. Escape character is '^]'.
5. 220 ubuntu ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu)
4.编写邮件并发送
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1. root@ubuntu:~# telnet localhost 25
2. Trying 127.0.0.1...
3. Connected to localhost.
4. Escape character is '^]'.
5. 220 ubuntu ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu)
6. ehlo localhost //
7. 250-ubuntu
8. 250-PIPELINING
9. 250-SIZE 10240000
10.250-VRFY
11.250-ETRN
12.250-STARTTLS
13.250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
14.250-8BITMIME
15.250 DSN
16.mail from: root@localhost //
17.250 2.1.0 Ok
18.rcpt to: fmaster@localhost //
19.250 2.1.5 Ok
20.data //
21.354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
22.Subject: My first mail on Postfix //
23.this ia the first postfix mail . //
24.. //
25.250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 661C75F796
26.quit //
27.221 2.0.0 Bye
28.Connection closed by foreign host.
5.切换到fmaster用户，查看邮件
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1. root@ubuntu:~# su - fmaster
2. fmaster@ubuntu:~$ mail
3. "/var/mail/fmaster": 1 message 1 new
4. >N 1 root@localhost 火1月 29 12:12/435 My first mail on Postfix
此时的邮件存放在/var/mail/fmaster文件中。
当这个邮件被打开之后，Postfix就会以mbox的风格处理邮件，
将邮件都保存到/home/fmaster/mbox这一个文件中。
6.设置Postfix以支持Maildir风格的邮箱（在修改配置之前备份配置文件）
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1. cp -pf /etc/postfix/main.cf /etc/postfix/main.cf_bak
2. vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
在文件中末尾处，添加如下配置：
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1. home_mailbox=Maildir/
7.重启postfix，以使配置生效
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1. /etc/init.d/postfix restart
8.测试
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1. root@ubuntu:/etc/postfix# telnet localhost 25
2. Trying 127.0.0.1...
3. Connected to localhost.
4. Escape character is '^]'.
5. 220 ubuntu ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu)
6. ehlo localhost //
7. 250-ubuntu
8. 250-PIPELINING
9. 250-SIZE 10240000
10.250-VRFY
11.250-ETRN
12.250-STARTTLS
13.250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
14.250-8BITMIME
15.250 DSN
16.mail from: root@localhost //
17.250 2.1.0 Ok
18.rcpt to: fmaster@localhost //
19.250 2.1.5 Ok
20.data //
21.354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
22.Subject: maildir test //
23.this is a maildir style mail test . //
24.. //
25.250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 249315F80D
26.quit //
27.221 2.0.0 Bye
28.Connection closed by foreign host.
9.查收邮件这个时候Postfix会在/home/fmaster目录下面生成一个名为Maildir的文件夹，所有的邮件都保存在/home/fmaster/Maildir这个文件夹内。
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1. fmaster@ubuntu:~$ ll /home/fmaster/Maildir
2. 合計 20
3. drwx------ 5 fmaster fmaster 40961月 29 12:35 ./
4. drwxr-xr-x 3 fmaster fmaster 40961月 29 12:35 ../
5. drwx------ 2 fmaster fmaster 40961月 29 12:35 cur/
6. drwx------ 2 fmaster fmaster 40961月 29 12:35 new/
7. drwx------ 2 fmaster fmaster 40961月 29 12:35 tmp/
8.
9. fmaster@ubuntu:~/Maildir$ cd new
10.
11.fmaster@ubuntu:~/Maildir/new$ ll
12.合計 12
13.drwx------ 2 fmaster fmaster 40961月 29 12:35 ./
14.drwx------ 5 fmaster fmaster 40961月 29 12:35 ../
15.-rw------- 1 fmaster fmaster4261月 29 12:35 1359430545.Vfc00I16daM671946.ubuntu
16.
17.fmaster@ubuntu:~/Maildir/new$ less 1359430545.Vfc00I16daM671946.ubuntu
18.Return-Path: <root@localhost>
19.X-Original-To: fmaster@localhost
20.Delivered-To: fmaster@localhost
21.Received: from localhost (localhost )
22. by ubuntu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 249315F80D
23. for <fmaster@localhost>; Tue, 29 Jan 2013 12:35:13 +0900 (JST)
24.Subject: maildir test
25.Message-Id: <20130129033517.249315F80D@ubuntu>
26.Date: Tue, 29 Jan 2013 12:35:13 +0900 (JST)
27.From: root@localhost
28.
29.this is a maildir style mail test .
30.1359430545.Vfc00I16daM671946.ubuntu (END)
到此为止发送邮件的服务器就搭建成功了，接下来配置收信服务器。
在配置收信服务器中，需要使用到域名，如果没有域名可以修改hosts文件来进行测试。
下面配置中用到的域名: dotuian.com
邮件服务器的IP地址: 192.168.0.114 (ubutun)
测试客户端 : 192.168.0.80(windows 7)
三，配置收信服务器
1.修改邮件服务器的hosts文件
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1. vim /etc/hosts
在文件中添加
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1. 127.0.0.1 dotuian.com
2.修改测试客户端的hosts文件
以管理员权限运行一个文本编辑器，打开"C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts"，在里面添加
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1. 192.168.0.114 dotuian.com
如果已经存在域名了，就不要上述的修改hosts文件的两步了。
3.安装收信服务器
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1. apt-get install courier-pop
2. apt-get install courier-imap
4.修改配置文件
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1. vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
(a)将域名增加到"mydestination"。配置如下
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1. mydestination = localhost, ubuntu, localhost.localdomain, localhost, dotuian.com
(b)将本地网络增加到"mynetworks"。因为服务器IP地址为192.168.0.114，所以配置如下
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1. mynetworks = 192.168.0.0/24, 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
(c)为了能够通过网络接受邮件，修改"inet_interfaces"为"all"
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1. #inet_interfaces = loopback-only
2. inet_interfaces = all
5.重启postfix服务器
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1. /etc/init.d/postfix restart
6.测试域名配置是否成功(a)通过域名dotuian.com发送邮件
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1. root@ubuntu:/etc/postfix# telnet dotuian.com 25
2. Trying 127.0.0.1...
3. Connected to dotuian.com.
4. Escape character is '^]'.
5. 220 ubuntu ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu)
6. ehlo dotuian.com //
7. 250-ubuntu
8. 250-PIPELINING
9. 250-SIZE 10240000
10.250-VRFY
11.250-ETRN
12.250-STARTTLS
13.250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
14.250-8BITMIME
15.250 DSN
16.mail from: shou@dotuian.com //
17.250 2.1.0 Ok
18.rcpt to: fmaster@dotuian.com //
19.250 2.1.5 Ok
20.data //
21.354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
22.Subject: mail test with domain //
23.this is a test mail . //
24.dotuian.com //
25..
26.250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 9E95D5F809
27.quit //
28.221 2.0.0 Bye
29.Connection closed by foreign host.
(b)查收邮件检查/home/fmaster/Maildir/new，可以看到新建了一个独立的文件
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1. fmaster@ubuntu:~/Maildir/new$ ll
2. 合計 16
3. drwx------ 2 fmaster fmaster 40961月 29 14:10 ./
4. drwx------ 5 fmaster fmaster 40961月 29 12:35 ../
5. -rw------- 1 fmaster fmaster4261月 29 12:35 1359430545.Vfc00I16daM671946.ubuntu
6. -rw------- 1 fmaster fmaster4461月 29 14:10 1359436215.Vfc00I16d8M538132.ubuntu
7.
8. <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">fmaster@ubuntu:~/Maildir/new$ less 1359436215.Vfc00I16d8M538132.ubuntu</span>
9.
10.<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Return-Path: <shou@dotuian.com></span>
11.X-Original-To: fmaster@dotuian.com
12.Delivered-To: fmaster@dotuian.com
13.Received: from dotuian.com (localhost )
14. by ubuntu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9E95D5F809
15. for <fmaster@dotuian.com>; Tue, 29 Jan 2013 14:09:35 +0900 (JST)
16.Subject: mail test with domain
17.Message-Id: <20130129050947.9E95D5F809@ubuntu>
18.Date: Tue, 29 Jan 2013 14:09:35 +0900 (JST)
19.From: shou@dotuian.com
20.
21.<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">this is a test mail .</span>
22.dotuian.com
23.1359436215.Vfc00I16d8M538132.ubuntu (END)
7.测试Courier POP3
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1. root@ubuntu:/etc/postfix# telnet dotuian.com 110
2. Trying 127.0.0.1...
3. Connected to dotuian.com.
4. Escape character is '^]'.
5. +OK Hello there.
6. user fmaster //
7. +OK Password required.
8. pass test1234 //
9. +OK logged in.
10.quit //
11.+OK Bye-bye.
12.Connection closed by foreign host.
8.测试 Courier IMAP
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1. root@ubuntu:/etc/postfix# telnet dotuian.com 143
2. Trying 127.0.0.1...
3. Connected to dotuian.com.
4. Escape character is '^]'.
5. * OK Courier-IMAP ready. Copyright 1998-2011 Double Precision, Inc.See COPYING for distribution information.
6. a login fmaster test1234 //
7. a OK LOGIN Ok.
8. a logout //
9. * BYE Courier-IMAP server shutting down
10.a OK LOGOUT completed
11.Connection closed by foreign host.
9.通过Microsoft Outlook收发邮件是的配置
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