drbd+nfs+heartbeat高可用
DRBD是一种基于软件的、基于网络的块复制存储解决方案DRBD在IP网络传输，所有在集中使用DRBD作为共享存储设备，不需要任何硬件投资，可以节约很多成本NFS1 IP1:10.10.10.166 心跳和数据传输网卡不配置网关，添加路由即可 添加路由：route add -host IP dev eth0并且写在rc.local内 VIP:10.10.10.150 DRBD至少使用两个分区需要单独分出来NFS2 IP1:10.10.10.167 VIP:10.10.10.50配置主机名、IP、hosts文件、关闭selinux、iptables
安装drbd源CentOS 7yum install glibc* -y# rpm --import http://elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org# rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
CentOS 6rpm -Uvh elrepo-release-6-6.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm或者rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-6.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm配置阿里云源 mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
CentOS 6
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
CentOS 7
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
yum makecache
配置DRBD 两台主机分别磁盘分区parted -s /dev/sdb mklabel gpt #分区表转换为GPT parted -s /dev/sdb mkpart primary 0% 80%parted -s /dev/sdb mkpart primary 81% 100% 打印分区结果# parted /dev/sdb pModel: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: gpt
NumberStart End Size File systemName 标志 1 1049kB17.2GB17.2GB primary 2 17.4GB21.5GB4079MB primary
安装DRBD
分出两个区，一个数据同步使用sdb1，一个记录日志sdb2fdisk /dev/ddbCommand (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4) partition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 回车Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1305-2610, default 2610):+10GCommand (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p在执行执行一次分出sdb2w保存分区
升级内核yum install kernel kernel-devel kernel-headers -y
yum install kmod-drbd83 drbd83 -y
加载DRBD到内核 modprobe drbd 加载不成功执行depmod然后重启 echo "modprobe drbd > /dev/null 2>&1" > /etc/sysconfig/modules/drbd.modules 检查是否安装成功 lsmod | grep -i drbd 查看drbd.ko安装路径 modprobe -l | grep -i drbd 安装成功之后drbd相关工具(drbdadm,drbdsetup)被安装在/sbin/目录下
配置drbdvim /etc/drbd.confi#include "drbd.d/global_common.conf";#include "drbd.d/*.res";global { usage-count no;}common { syncer { rate 200M; }}resource nfsha { protocol C; startup { wfc-timeout 120; degr-wfc-timeout 120; }
net { cram-hmac-alg "sha1"; shared-secret "nfs-ha"; }
disk { on-io-error detach; fencing resource-only; } device /dev/drbd0; on nfs1 { disk /dev/sdb1; address 10.10.10.166:7788; meta-disk internal; } on nfs2 { disk /dev/sdb1; address 10.10.10.167:7788; meta-disk internal; }
}
解释：global { usage-count no;#允不允许官方统计}common { syncer {rate 200M; } //设置主备节点同步时速率的最大值单位是字节
}resource r0 { //资源名称 protocol C; //使用的协议
handlers { # These are EXAMPLE handlers only. # They may have severe implications, # like hard resetting the node under certain circumstances. # Be careful when chosing your poison.
pri-on-incon-degr "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-pri-on-incon-degr.sh; /usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-reboot.sh; echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; reboot -f"; pri-lost-after-sb "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-pri-lost-after-sb.sh; /usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-reboot.sh; echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; reboot -f"; local-io-error "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-io-error.sh; /usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-shutdown.sh; echo o > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; halt -f"; # fence-peer "/usr/lib/drbd/crm-fence-peer.sh"; split-brain "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-split-brain.sh root"; out-of-sync "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-out-of-sync.sh root"; # before-resync-target "/usr/lib/drbd/snapshot-resync-target-lvm.sh -p 15 -- -c 16k"; # after-resync-target /usr/lib/drbd/unsnapshot-resync-target-lvm.sh; }
startup { wfc-timeout 120; degr-wfc-timeout 120; }
net { cram-hmac-alg "sha1"; //DRBD同步时使用的验证方式和密码信息 shared-secret "nfsha"; }
disk { //使用dpod功能保证在数据不同步时不进行切换 on-io-error detach; fencing resource-only; } device /dev/drbd0; on master-drbd { //每个主机的说明以on开头后面是hostname(与uname -n一样) disk /dev/sdb1; // drbd0使用的磁盘分区是/dev/sdb1 address 192.168.100.10:7788; // meta-disk internal; //DRBD的源数据存方式 } on slave-drbd { disk /dev/sdb1; address 192.168.100.20:7788; meta-disk internal; }
}
复制配置信息到另一台主机
启动DRBD(同时) 首先创建供DRBD记录信息的数据块 两台主机分别执行drbdadm create-md nfsha或者drbdadm create-md all 启动DRBD service drbd start 查看节点状态 cat /proc/drbd version: 8.3.16 (api:88/proto:86-97)GIT-hash: a798fa7e274428a357657fb52f0ecf40192c1985 build by phil@Build64R6, 2014-11-24 14:51:37 0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Secondary ds:Inconsistent/Inconsistent C r----- ns:0 nr:0 dw:0 dr:0 al:0 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:5242684
ro表示角色信息，第一次启动时都为Secondary(备)状态 ds表示磁盘信息，Inconsistent表示磁盘数据不一致状态 ns表示网络发送的数据包信息 dw表示磁盘写信息 dr表示磁盘读信息
设置主用节点 drbdsetup /dev/drbd0 primary -o drbdadm primary r0或者 drbdadm primary all设置从 drbdadm secondary nfsha启动之后再次查看状态 version: 8.3.16 (api:88/proto:86-97)GIT-hash: a798fa7e274428a357657fb52f0ecf40192c1985 build by phil@Build64R6, 2014-11-24 14:51:37 0: cs:SyncSource ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/Inconsistent C r----- ns:4812800 nr:0 dw:0 dr:4813472 al:0 bm:293 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:429884 [=================>..] sync'ed: 91.9% (416/5116)M finish: 0:00:10 speed: 40,304 (38,812) K/sec
sync'ed：同步进度等待一段时间再次查看(同步时间可能很长) version: 8.3.16 (api:88/proto:86-97)GIT-hash: a798fa7e274428a357657fb52f0ecf40192c1985 build by phil@Build64R6, 2014-11-24 14:51:37 0: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:5242684 nr:0 dw:0 dr:5243356 al:0 bm:320 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0
ds状态变为UpToDate/UpToDate说明成功了
挂载DRBD设备 mount只能用在主设备上，因此只要主设备才能格式化挂载。 要在备设备上挂载，必须先卸载主，在升级备为主，然后再挂载
主设备进行格式化 mkfs.ext4 /dev/drbd0 tune2fs -c -1 /dev/drbd0挂载mkdir /data mount /dev/drbd0 /data 关闭DRBD开机自启动测试 dd if=/dev/zero of=/data/test.file bs=100M count=2查看备用节点是否同步 主操作 umount /data drbdadm secondary all
备用节点升级为主 drbdadm primary nfsha mount /dev/drbd0 /data 挂载查看是否含有test.file
安装Heartbeat配置vipcd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:0
DEVICE=eth0:0ONBOOT=yesIPADDR=10.10.10.50NETMASK=255.255.255.255
yum install pam-devel -yyum install python-devel -yyum install gcc-c++ -yyum install glib* -yyum install libxslt* -yyum install tkinter* -yyum install elfutils* -yyum install lm_sensors* -yyum install perl-Compress* perl-libwww* perl-HTML* perl-XML* perl-Net* perl-IO* perl-Digest* -yyum install bzip2* -yyum install ncurses* -yyum install imake* -yyum install autoconf* -yyum install flex -yyum install beecrypt* -yyum install net-snmp* -yyum install perl-LDAP-0.40-1.el6.noarch.rpm -yyum install perl-Parse-* perl-Mail-DKIM* -yyum install libnet* -yyum install openssl openssl-devel -y
tar xf libnet-1.1.2.1.tar.gzcd libnet./configuremake &&make installcd ..tar xf heartbeat-2.0.7.tar.gzcd heartbeat-2.0.7./ConfigureMe configure --enable-fatal-warnings=no --disable-swig --disable-snmp-subagent./ConfigureMe make --enable-fatal-warnings=no || gmakemake install
cd /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.0.7/cp ha.cf haresources authkeys /etc/ha.d/cd /etc/ha.d/
设置heartbeat配置文件(nfs1)编辑ha.cf，添加下面配置：
# vi /etc/ha.d/ha.cflogfile /var/log/ha-loglogfacility local0keepalive 2deadtime 5ucast eth0 10.10.10.167 # 指定对方网卡及IPauto_failback offnode nfs1 nfs2
(nfs2)编辑ha.cf，添加下面配置：
# vi /etc/ha.d/ha.cflogfile /var/log/ha-loglogfacility local0keepalive 2deadtime 5ucast eth0 10.10.10.166auto_failback offnode nfs1 nfs2
编辑双机互联验证文件authkeys，添加以下内容：(node1,node2)
# vi /etc/ha.d/authkeysauth 11 crc给验证文件600权限
# chmod 600 /etc/ha.d/authkeys编辑集群资源文件：(nfs1，nfs2)
# vi /etc/ha.d/haresourcesnfs1 IPaddr::10.10.10.50/24/eth0 drbddisk::nfsha Filesystem::/dev/drbd0::/data::ext4 killnfsd这里ip为虚ip 注意网卡（eth0）资源名（nfsha）和挂载点（data）注：该文件内IPaddr,Filesystem等脚本存放路径在/etc/ha.d/resource.d/下，也可在该目录下存放服务启动脚本（例如：mysql,www），将相同脚本名称添加到/etc/ha.d/haresources内容中，从而跟随heartbeat启动而启动该脚本。
IPaddr::10.10.10.0/24/eth0：用IPaddr脚本配置对外服务的浮动虚拟IPdrbddisk::nfsha：用drbddisk脚本实现DRBD主从节点资源组的挂载和卸载Filesystem::/dev/drbd0::/data::ext4：用Filesystem脚本实现磁盘挂载和卸载
编辑脚本文件killnfsd,用来重启NFS服务：(node1,node2)
# vi /etc/ha.d/resource.d/killnfsdkillall -9 nfsd; /etc/init.d/nfs restart;exit 0赋予755执行权限：
chmod 755 /etc/ha.d/resource.d/killnfsd
创建DRBD脚本文件drbddisk:(nfs1，nfs2)
编辑drbddisk，添加下面的脚本内容
# vi /etc/ha.d/resource.d/drbddisk
#!/bin/bash## This script is inteded to be used as resource script by heartbeat## Copright 2003-2008 LINBIT Information Technologies# Philipp Reisner, Lars Ellenberg####
DEFAULTFILE="/etc/default/drbd"DRBDADM="/sbin/drbdadm"
if [ -f $DEFAULTFILE ]; then . $DEFAULTFILEfi
if [ "$#" -eq 2 ]; then RES="$1" CMD="$2"else RES="all" CMD="$1"fi
## EXIT CODES# since this is a "legacy heartbeat R1 resource agent" script,# exit codes actually do not matter that much as long as we conform to#http://wiki.linux-ha.org/HeartbeatResourceAgent# but it does not hurt to conform to lsb init-script exit codes,# where we can.#http://refspecs.linux-foundation.org/LSB_3.1.0/#LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/iniscrptact.html####
drbd_set_role_from_proc_drbd(){local outif ! test -e /proc/drbd; thenROLE="Unconfigured"returnfi
dev=$( $DRBDADM sh-dev $RES )minor=${dev#/dev/drbd}if [[ $minor = *[!0-9]* ]] ; then# sh-minor is only supported since drbd 8.3.1minor=$( $DRBDADM sh-minor $RES )fiif [[ -z $minor ]] || [[ $minor = *[!0-9]* ]] ; thenROLE=Unknownreturnfi
if out=$(sed -ne "/^ *$minor: cs:/ { s/:/ /g; p; q; }" /proc/drbd); thenset -- $outROLE=${5%/**}: ${ROLE:=Unconfigured} # if it does not show upelseROLE=Unknownfi}
case "$CMD" in start)# try several times, in case heartbeat deadtime# was smaller than drbd ping timetry=6while true; do$DRBDADM primary $RES && breaklet "--try" || exit 1 # LSB generic errorsleep 1done;; stop)# heartbeat (haresources mode) will retry failed stop# for a number of times in addition to this internal retry.try=3while true; do$DRBDADM secondary $RES && break# We used to lie here, and pretend success for anything != 11,# to avoid the reboot on failed stop recovery for "simple# config errors" and such. But that is incorrect.# Don't lie to your cluster manager.# And don't do config errors...let --try || exit 1 # LSB generic errorsleep 1done;; status)if [ "$RES" = "all" ]; then echo "A resource name is required for status inquiries." exit 10fiST=$( $DRBDADM role $RES )ROLE=${ST%/**}case $ROLE inPrimary|Secondary|Unconfigured)# expected;;*)# unexpected. whatever...# If we are unsure about the state of a resource, we need to# report it as possibly running, so heartbeat can, after failed# stop, do a recovery by reboot.# drbdsetup may fail for obscure reasons, e.g. if /var/lock/ is# suddenly readonly.So we retry by parsing /proc/drbd.drbd_set_role_from_proc_drbdesaccase $ROLE inPrimary)echo "running (Primary)"exit 0 # LSB status "service is OK";;Secondary|Unconfigured)echo "stopped ($ROLE)"exit 3 # LSB status "service is not running";;*)# NOTE the "running" in below message.# this is a "heartbeat" resource script,# the exit code is _ignored_.echo "cannot determine status, may be running ($ROLE)"exit 4 #LSB status "service status is unknown";;esac;; *)echo "Usage: drbddisk {start|stop|status}"exit 1;;esac
exit 0赋予755执行权限：
chmod 755 /etc/ha.d/resource.d/drbddisk启动HeartBeat服务
在两个节点上启动HeartBeat服务，先启动node1：(node1,node2)
service heartbeat start现在从其他机器能够ping通虚IP 192.168.0.190，表示配置成功
配置NFS:(nfs1,nfs2)安装nfsyum install nfs-utils rpcbind
编辑exports配置文件，添加以下配置：
# vi /etc/exports/data *(rw,no_root_squash)重启NFS服务：
service rpcbind restart service nfs restart chkconfig rpcbind on chkconfig nfs off注：这里设置NFS开机不要自动运行，因为/etc/ha.d/resource.d/killnfsd 该脚本会控制NFS的启动。
五、测试高可用
1、正常热备切换在客户端挂载NFS共享目录
# mount -t nfs 192.168.0.190:/store /tmp模拟将主节点node1 的heartbeat服务停止，则备节点node2会立即无缝接管；测试客户端挂载的NFS共享读写正常。
此时备机node2上的DRBD状态：
# service drbd statusdrbd driver loaded OK; device status:version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101)GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@drbd2.corp.com, 2015-05-12 21:05:41m:rescs ro ds pmounted fstype0:r0 ConnectedPrimary/SecondaryUpToDate/UpToDateC/store ext4异常宕机切换强制关机，直接关闭node1电源
node2节点也会立即无缝接管，测试客户端挂载的NFS共享读写正常。
此时node2上的DRBD状态：
# service drbd statusdrbd driver loaded OK; device status:version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101)GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by root@drbd2.corp.com, 2015-05-12 21:05:41m:rescs ro ds pmounted fstype0:r0 ConnectedPrimary/Unknown UpToDate/DUnknownC/store ext4
nfsheartbeat、drbd不要设置成开机自启动
主宕机后先启动drbd然后再起的heartbeat
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