kvm虚拟机快照备份
kvm虚拟机默认使用raw格式的镜像格式，性能最好，速度最快，它的缺点就是不支持一些新的功能，如支持镜像,zlib磁盘压缩,AES加密等。要使用镜像功能，磁盘格式必须为qcow2。下面开始kvm虚拟机快照备份的过程1，查看现有磁盘镜像格式与转换（1）查看现有磁盘的格式
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# qemu-img info hadoop3.img
image: hadoop3.img
file format: raw
virtual size: 10G (10737418240 bytes)
disk size: 877M
把raw格式转换成qcow2格式
（2）关闭需要转换磁盘的虚拟机
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# virsh destroy hadoop3
Domain hadoop3 destroyed
# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
1 win7 running
6 hadoop2 running
- hadoop1 shut off
- hadoop3 shut off
- hadoop4 shut off
（3）转换磁盘的格式
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# qemu-img convert -f raw -O qcow2 hadoop3.img hadoop3.qcow2
-f 源镜像的格式
-o 目标镜像的格式
查看转换后的格式，已经转换成了qcow2, 这里是拷贝一份，并将格式转成qcow2
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# qemu-img convert -f raw -O qcow2 hadoop3.img hadoop3.qcow2
# ll
total 14975352
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10737418240 Feb4 14:38 hadoop1.img
-rwxr-xr-x 1 qemu qemu 10737418240 Feb4 16:51 hadoop2.img
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10737418240 Feb4 16:48 hadoop3.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 923926528 Feb4 16:51 hadoop3.qcow2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10737418240 Feb4 15:11 hadoop4.img
-rwxr-xr-x 1 qemu qemu8589934592 Feb2 15:03 win7.img
# qemu-img info hadoop3.qcow2
image: hadoop3.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 10G (10737418240 bytes)
disk size: 881M
cluster_size: 65536
2，修改虚拟机配置文件
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# virsh edit hadoop3
<domain type='qemu'>
<name>hadoop3</name>
<uuid>586b3cae-943f-e283-d8e7-ed72b01bfa34</uuid>
<memory unit='KiB'>1048576</memory>
<currentMemory unit='KiB'>1048576</currentMemory>
<vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu>
<os>
<type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.6.0'>hvm</type>
<boot dev='hd'/>
</os>
<features>
<acpi/>
<apic/>
<pae/>
</features>
<clock offset='localtime'/>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>restart</on_crash>
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='none'/>
<source file='/images/test/hadoop3.qcow2'/>
<target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
3，对虚拟机进行快照管理
(1)对hadoop3虚拟机创建快照
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# virsh snapshot-create hadoop3
Domain snapshot 1454577228 created
（2）查看虚拟机快照的版本
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# virsh snapshot-list hadoop3
Name Creation Time State
------------------------------------------------------------
1454577228 2016-02-04 17:13:48 +0800 shutoff
（3）查看当前虚拟机镜像快照的版本
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# virsh snapshot-current hadoop3
<domainsnapshot>
<name>1454577442</name>
<state>shutoff</state>
<parent>
<name>1454577228</name>
</parent>
<creationTime>1454577442</creationTime>
<memory snapshot='no'/>
<disks>
<disk name='hda' snapshot='internal'/>
<disk name='hdc' snapshot='no'/>
</disks>
<domain type='qemu'>
<name>hadoop3</name>
<uuid>586b3cae-943f-e283-d8e7-ed72b01bfa34</uuid>
<memory unit='KiB'>1048576</memory>
<currentMemory unit='KiB'>1048576</currentMemory>
<vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu>
<os>
<type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.6.0'>hvm</type>
<boot dev='hd'/>
</os>
<features>
<acpi/>
<apic/>
<pae/>
</features>
<clock offset='localtime'/>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>restart</on_crash>
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='none'/>
<source file='/images/test/hadoop3.qcow2'/>
<target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
</disk>
<disk type='block' device='cdrom'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/>
<readonly/>
<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' target='0' unit='0'/>
</disk>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x7'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
<master startport='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
<master startport='2'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
<master startport='4'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x2'/>
</controller>
<controller type='ide' index='0'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<interface type='network'>
<mac address='52:54:00:fe:f5:a3'/>
<source network='default'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
</interface>
<serial type='pty'>
<target port='0'/>
</serial>
<console type='pty'>
<target type='serial' port='0'/>
</console>
<input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
<graphics type='vnc' port='5913' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0'>
<listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
</graphics>
<video>
<model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
</video>
<memballoon model='virtio'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
</memballoon>
</devices>
</domain>
</domainsnapshot>
（4)查看当前虚拟机镜像文件，快照文件的路径在/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/snapshot/ 下
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# ll /var/lib/libvirt/qemu/snapshot/hadoop3/
total 8
-rw------- 1 root root 3402 Feb4 17:17 1454577228.xml
-rw------- 1 root root 3453 Feb4 17:17 1454577442.xml
4，恢复虚拟机快照
（1）恢复虚拟机快照必须关闭虚拟机
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# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
1 win7 running
6 hadoop2 running
- hadoop1 shut off
- hadoop3 shut off
- hadoop4 shut off
（2）确认恢复快照的时间，这里是恢复到1454577442
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# virsh snapshot-list hadoop3
Name Creation Time State
------------------------------------------------------------
1454577228 2016-02-04 17:13:48 +0800 shutoff
1454577442 2016-02-04 17:17:22 +0800 shutoff
（3）执行恢复，并确认恢复版本
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# virsh snapshot-revert hadoop3 1454577442
# virsh snapshot-current hadoop3
5，删除虚拟机快照
（1）查看虚拟机快照
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# qemu-img info hadoop3.qcow2
image: hadoop3.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 10G (10737418240 bytes)
disk size: 881M
cluster_size: 65536
Snapshot list:
ID TAG VM SIZE DATE VM CLOCK
1 1454577228 0 2016-02-04 17:13:48 00:00:00.000
2 1454577442 0 2016-02-04 17:17:22 00:00:00.000
(2)删除快照
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# virsh snapshot-delete hadoop3 1454577228
Domain snapshot 1454577228 deleted
# qemu-img info hadoop3.qcow2
image: hadoop3.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 10G (10737418240 bytes)
disk size: 881M
cluster_size: 65536
Snapshot list:
ID TAG VM SIZE DATE VM CLOCK
2 1454577442 0 2016-02-04 17:17:22 00:00:00.000
至此虚拟机快照从创建，查看，删除。如果有报错，再一一的进行拍错。
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