Puppet模块(二)：YUM模块及Yumrepo资源和Mount资源
作用：自动为客户端配置YUM源，为使用yum安装软件包提供便捷。1、服务端配置yum模块
（1）模块清单
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# tree /etc/puppet/modules/yum/
/etc/puppet/modules/yum/
├── files
│ ├── yum.conf
│ └── RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
├── manifests
│ ├── config.pp
│ ├── init.pp
│ ├── install.pp
│ └── params.pp
└── templates
说明：这里只针对centos 6.5版本测试，其他的可以此类推，需要注意的就是本地源的光盘加载问题（见测试环节）
（2）定义参数类
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# vi /etc/puppet/modules/yum/manifests/params.pp
class yum::params {
case $operatingsystemrelease{
6.5: {
$yum_centos_descr = 'centos base rpm packages' #本地仓库描述信息
$yum_centos_baseurl = 'file:///media/cdrom/' #IOS文件或光盘mount到本地的路径
$yum_centos_pki = 'file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6' #YUMREPO文件中指定PKI文件路径
$yum_centos_pki_name = '/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6' #PKI文件路径，复制一份到puppet的modules中
$yum_centos_pki_download = 'puppet:///modules/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6'
$yum_puppet_descr = 'puppet rpm packages for centos' #puppet仓库描述信息
$yum_puppet_baseurl = 'http://yum.puppetlabs.com/el/6/products/$basearch' #puppet仓库路径
$yum_163_descr = '163 rpm packages for centos' #163仓库描述信息
$yum_163_baseurl = 'http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/'#163仓库路径
}
default: {
fail("Module yum is not supported on ${::operatingsystem}") #6.5版本以外的会提示不支持，如有5.5、5.4这样的版本可按参考6.5进行参数定义
}
}
}
注意：PKI文件RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6是光盘中的存在的，系统不一样，名称也不一样，需要确认。
说明：变量$operatingsystemrelease是通过facter获取计算机的信息的，运行下面的命令可查看计算机相关信息：
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# facter | grep operatingsystemrelease
operatingsystemrelease => 6.5
（3）定义安装类
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# vi /etc/puppet/modules/yum/manifests/install.pp
class yum::install{
#1、确保yum被安装
package { 'yum':
ensure => installed,
}
#2、创建光盘挂载目录
file { '/media/cdrom':
ensure => directory,
owner=> root,
group=> root,
}
#3、确保光盘被挂载
#方法一：EXEC
#exec { "mount_cdrom":
# path => "/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin",
# command => '/bin/mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom/',
# creates => '/media/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6',
# require => File['/media/cdrom'],
#}
#方法二：MOUNT
mount { 'mount_cdrom':
name => "/media/cdrom", #挂载到的目标目录
ensure => mounted, #要求被挂载状态
fstype => "iso9660", #光盘的文件类型，使用mount命令或cat /etc/fstab查看
device => "/dev/cdrom", #光盘的设备，是个链接，实际指向/dev/sr0
options=> "ro", #以只读方式挂载光盘
atboot => true, #允许开机启动时挂载上
remounts => true, #允许重新挂载
require=> File['/media/cdrom'], #要求挂载目标目录存在
}
#4、安装源前先备份
file { '/etc/yum.repos.d/bak':
ensure=> directory,
owner => root,
group => root,
}
exec { "repos_bak":
path => "/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin",
command => 'mv -f /etc/yum.repos.d/[^c]*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak/',#将不是小写c开头的repo文件强制移动到备份目录
creates => '/etc/yum.repos.d/bak/CentOS-Base.repo', #当备份目录存在这个文件时不再执行此资源
require => File['/etc/yum.repos.d/bak'], #要求备份目录存在
}
}
说明：新生成的repo文件都是小写c开头的，因此将不是c开头（[^c]*）的repo文件移至bak，
原文件都是CentOS开头的，外加一个puppetlabs.repo，可以将[^c]*.repo改成CentOS*.repo，只将原文件备份。
（4）定义配置类
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# vi /etc/puppet/modules/yum/manifests/config.pp
class yum::config{
include yum::params
include yum::config_file,yum::config_key,yum::config_repo
}
#1、定义配置文件
class yum::config_file{
file { '/etc/yum.conf': #yum主配置文件yum.conf路径
ensure=> present, #要求文件处于存在状态
owner => 'root', #属主为root
group => 'root', #属组为root
mode => '0644', #文件权限为644
source=> 'puppet:///modules/yum/yum.conf', #自动搜索yum模块下的files目录，因此省略/files
require => Class['yum::install'], #要求在配置之前先安装yum软件包
}
file { '/etc/yum.repos.d/centos-base.repo':#设置光盘repo的一些属性，文件名是yumrepo中的标题名定义的，必须一致
ensure=> present,
owner => 'root',
group => 'root',
mode => '0644',
require => Class['yum::config_repo'], #要求设置之前yumrepo资源centos-base必须存在
}
file { '/etc/yum.repos.d/centos-puppet.repo':
ensure=> present,
owner => 'root',
group => 'root',
mode => '0644',
require => Class['yum::config_repo'],
}
file { '/etc/yum.repos.d/centos-163.repo':
ensure=> present,
owner => 'root',
group => 'root',
mode => '0644',
require => Class['yum::config_repo'],
}
}
#2、定义pki证书文件
class yum::config_key{#设置pki证书的一些属性及下载位置
file { $yum::params::yum_centos_pki_name: #证书名称在参数类中定义
ensure => present,
owner=> 'root',
group=> 'root',
mode => '0644',
source => $yum::params::yum_centos_pki_download, #证书下载地址在参数类中定义
}
}
#3、定义基本yum仓库、puppet仓库和163仓库
class yum::config_repo{
yumrepo { centos-base: #创建yumrepo资源cenos-base
descr => $yum::params::yum_centos_descr, #设置描述信息
baseurl=> $yum::params::yum_centos_baseurl, #设置yum源下载地址
enabled=> 1, #激活yum源
gpgcheck => 1, #设置要求通过pki校验
gpgkey => $yum::params::yum_centos_pki, #设置pki文件的位置
require=> Class['yum::config_key'], #要求pki文件必须存在
priority => 1, #设置repo的优先级为1(越小越高)
}
yumrepo { centos-puppet:
descr => $yum::params::yum_puppet_descr,
baseurl=> $yum::params::yum_puppet_baseurl,
enabled=> 1,
gpgcheck => 0, #不要求通过pki校验
priority => 2,
}
yumrepo { centos-163:
descr => $yum::params::yum_163_descr,
baseurl=> $yum::params::yum_163_baseurl,
enabled=> 1,
gpgcheck => 0,
priority => 3,
}
}
说明：创建了三个YUM源，都以centos(小写)开头的，客户端安装puppet时生成了puppetlabs.repo源，因此这里的centos-puppet源也可以省略。
（7）定义yum主类
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# vi /etc/puppet/modules/yum/manifests/init.pp
class yum {
include yum::params,yum::install,yum::config
}
（8）定义节点文件，调用模块
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# vi /etc/puppet/manifests/centostest.pp
node "centostest.ewin.com" {
include ntp, yum
}
（9）应用节点文件
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# vi /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp
import "centostest.pp"
（10）复制文件
将以下两个文件从客户端复制一份到服务端/etc/puppet/modules/yum/files下
/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
/etc/yum.conf
注意在文件头部加上以***释，测试的时候方便分辨
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### configbypuppet ###
2、测试
（1）客户端执行测试
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# puppet agent --server puppet.ewin.com -test --noop
Info: Caching catalog for centostest.ewin.com
Info: Applying configuration version '1415332221'
Notice: Finished catalog run in 1.09 seconds
（2）查看客户端日志
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# tailf /var/log/messages
Nov7 11:50:20 centostest puppet-agent: (/Stage/Yum::Install/File/ensure) created
Nov7 11:50:20 centostest puppet-agent: (/Stage/Yum::Install/Exec/returns) executed successfully
Nov7 11:50:22 centostest puppet-agent: (/Stage/Yum::Install/File/ensure) created
Nov7 11:50:22 centostest puppet-agent: (/Stage/Yum::Install/Exec/returns) executed successfully
Nov7 11:50:23 centostest puppet-agent: (/Stage/Yum::Config_key/File/content) content changed '{md5}e8e57fd1a55dc5c6d82e60a444781b96' to '{md5}a27c559bf7660f101317ac3b41a7600b'
Nov7 11:50:23 centostest puppet-agent: (/Stage/Yum::Config_repo/Yumrepo/ensure) created
Nov7 11:50:24 centostest puppet-agent: (/Stage/Yum::Config_repo/Yumrepo/ensure) created
Nov7 11:50:24 centostest puppet-agent: (/Stage/Yum::Config_repo/Yumrepo/ensure) created
Nov7 11:50:24 centostest puppet-agent: (/Stage/Yum::Config_file/File/content) content changed '{md5}5d8b0bf30a8ee9d66a9cb2642186ac37' to '{md5}8c1fab4142147877a3f77f89eb8ccb7c'
Nov7 11:50:24 centostest puppet-agent: Finished catalog run in 4.27 seconds
结论：可看到cdrom目录创建、挂载命令执行成功、备份命令成功、同步了PKI文件和CON文件、创建了三个YUMREPO
（3）查看客户端挂载的光盘目录
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# ls /media/cdrom/
CentOS_BuildTagisolinux RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6
EFI Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6
EULA RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.htmlRPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6
GPL repodata TRANS.TBL
images RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
结论：挂载成功，如果用的EXEC方法将会判断RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6存在时不会再执行Exec，而且此文件是原文件，不是新建的空文件。
经测试umount /media/cdrom卸载光盘后会自动重启挂载上，甚至卸载再删除/media/cdrom目录，也会恢复，有兴趣的可以试试。
（4）查看YUM源备份
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# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/bak/
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repopuppetlabs.repo
（5）查看客户端同步的文件
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# cat /etc/yum.conf
### configbypuppet ###
...
# cat /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
### configbypuppet ###
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.5 (GNU/Linux)
...
结论：从文件头部注释信息可以确认文件同步成功
（6）查看YUM list
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# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Cleaning repos: base puppetlabs-deps puppetlabs-products
Cleaning up Everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
# yum list
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Determining fastest mirrors
centos-163 | 2.9 kB 00:00
centos-163/primary_db | 1.2 kB 00:00
centos-base | 4.0 kB 00:00 ...
centos-base/primary_db | 4.4 MB 00:00 ...
centos-puppet | 2.5 kB 00:00
centos-puppet/primary_db13%[=- ]5.9 B/s |17 kB --:-- ETA
结论：YUM三个仓库都能成功加载，通过yum clean all再yum list可观察。
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# yum list puppet
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/contrib/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml:
Timeout on http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/contrib/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml:
(28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transfered the last 30 seconds')
Trying other mirror.
Installed Packages
puppet.noarch 3.7.1-1.el6 @puppetlabs-products
Available Packages
puppet.noarch 3.7.3-1.el6 centos-puppet
结论：可以看到从163的源查找puppet超时，已安装的包是从@puppetlabs安装的，有效的包是在centos-puppet源中。
3、yum仓库资源
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yumrepo { "repo163": #YUM源文件.repo的文件名
descr => "163 repo", #仓库的描述
baseurl=> "http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/", #仓库的url
gpgcheck => "0", #是否检查仓库中的软件包GPG签名，可设置的值为0或者1.
enabled=> "1", #是否开启或者禁用仓库，可设置的值为1或者0.1为开启，0为禁用
}
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{
enablegroups => ,#是否可以使用yumgroup参数，如yumgroup list,yumgroup install等
exclude => ,#排除那些软件的安装与更新，支持shell通配符。
failovermethod=> ,#可设置的值为priority，roundrobin.
gpgkey => ,#仓库的软件包签名，GPG密钥的URL。
include => ,#包含配置url.
includepkgs => ,#只有匹配的软件包才能安装或者更新。
keepalive => ,#设置http/1.1选项，可设置的为0或者1.
metadata_expire => ,#元组数据的过期时间，单位时间为秒。
miirorlist => ,#仓库的镜像列表。
name => ,#仓库名字。
priority => ,#优先级，可设置的是从1－99.
protect => ,#启用或者禁用对这个仓库的保护。可设置的值为0或者1.
proxy => ,#设置代理
}
4、mount挂载资源
挂载共享文件夹
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mount { "/mount": #挂载的目标目录，等同于name参数
device=> "192.168.0.1:/share/nfs",#挂载的来源设备
fstype=> "nfs", #文件系统类型
options => "_netdev,vers=3,tcp,rsize=8192,wsize=8192,noauto",#其他选项
}
挂载samba
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mount {"/media":
ensure => mounted,
device => "//172.22.2.89/public",
fstype => cifs,
options => "username=perofu,password=123456";
}
参数说明
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mount { 'mount_cdrom':
name => "/media/cdrom", #挂载到的目标目录
ensure => mounted, #要求被挂载状态
fstype => "iso9660", #光盘的文件类型
device => "/dev/cdrom", #光盘的设备，是个链接，指向/dev/sr0
options=> "ro", #以只读方式挂载光盘
atboot => true, #允许开机启动时挂载上
remounts => true, #允许重新挂载
require=> File['/media/cdrom'], #要求挂载目标目录存在
}
查看文件系统类型：
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# mount
/dev/mapper/vg_centostest-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
/dev/mapper/vg_centostest-lv_home on /home type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sr0 on /media/cdrom type iso9660 (ro)
发现以下报错，是因为没有加上options => "ro"，因为光盘是只读的。
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) Could not evaluate: Execution of '/bin/mount /media/cdrom' returned 32:
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
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