Puppet模块(四)：HOST模块及host资源
作用：自动配置客户端的hosts文件，解决网络内的计算机之间计算机名称解析问题，适用于没有部署DNS服务器的内网环境。1、服务端配置puppet模块
（1）模块清单
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# tree /etc/puppet/modules/host/
/etc/puppet/modules/host/
├── files
├── manifests
│ └── init.pp
└── templates
（2）定义host主类
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# vi /etc/puppet/modules/host/manifests/init.pp
class host {
host { 'puppet.ewin.com': #计算机名称
ensure => present, #基础属性，应用此资源
host_aliases => "puppet", #计算机别名，可以多个
ip => "10.188.1.73", #计算机IP地址
}
host { 'zabbix.ewin.com':
ensure => present,
host_aliases => "zabbix",
ip => "10.188.1.103",
}
host { 'centostest.ewin.com':
ensure => present,
host_aliases => "centostest",
ip => "10.188.1.85",
}
host { 'ywzhou-pc.ewin.com':
ensure => present,
host_aliases => "ywzhou-pc",
ip => "10.188.1.172",
}
}
说明：有多少条解析记录就写多少个host资源，需要注意的是计算机的IP必须固定，使用了DHCP服务的最好在DHCP服务器或路由器上进行保留或绑定；
或者手动设定IP，还可以通过puppet来管理客户端的主机名和IP。
（3）定义节点文件，调用模块
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# vi /etc/puppet/manifests/centostest.pp
node "centostest.ewin.com" {
include ntp, yum, puppet, host
}
（4）应用节点文件
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# vi /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp
import "centostest.pp"
2、测试
（1）客户端执行前查看hosts文件
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# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
10.188.1.103 zabbix.ewin.com
10.188.1.73 puppet.ewin.com
说明：这是安装客户端时手动设置的。
（2）客户端执行puppet agent -t后查看日志
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# tailf /var/log/messages
Nov 11 14:22:39 centostest puppet-agent: (/Stage/Host/Host/host_aliases) defined 'host_aliases' as 'zabbix'
Nov 11 14:22:39 centostest puppet-agent: (/Stage/Host/Host/ensure) created
Nov 11 14:22:39 centostest puppet-agent: (/Stage/Host/Host/ensure) created
Nov 11 14:22:39 centostest puppet-agent: (/Stage/Host/Host/host_aliases) defined 'host_aliases' as 'puppet'
Nov 11 14:22:40 centostest puppet-agent: Finished catalog run in 1.13 seconds
说明：对原有的记录进行修改，增加了别名记录，没有的就创建。
（3）客户端再次查看hosts文件
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# cat /etc/hosts
# HEADER: This file was autogenerated at Tue Nov 11 14:22:39 +0800 2014
# HEADER: by puppet.While it can still be managed manually, it
# HEADER: is definitely not recommended.
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
10.188.1.103zabbix.ewin.com zabbix
10.188.1.73 puppet.ewin.com puppet
10.188.1.172ywzhou-pc.ewin.comywzhou-pc
10.188.1.85 centostest.ewin.com centostest
结论：可以看到对已有的条目添加了别名，没有的就新增了记录，这样就相当于建立了一个半自动的DNS；但是当计算机太多时最好还是搭建一个内网DNS服务器。
有新的记录就直接写在class host里，通过puppet发布到客户端，所有调用了host类的客户端就自动更新了。
3、host资源
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host { 'resource title':
name => #主机名，可以写在标题中
ensure => #基本参数，present, absent
comment => #注释说明
host_aliases => #别名
ip => #IP地址
target => #保住服务信息的文件，大部分系统默认是/etc/hosts
}
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