转 nginx rewrite 参数和例子
推荐参考地址:
Mailing list ARChives 官方讨论区
http://marc.info/?l=nginx
Nginx 常见应用技术指南
http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-1685-1-1.html
本日志内容来自互联网和平日使用经验,整理一下方便日后参考。
正则表达式匹配,其中:
[*]* ~ 为区分大小写匹配
[*]* ~* 为不区分大小写匹配
[*]* !~和!~*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配
文件及目录匹配,其中:
[*]* -f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件
[*]* -d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录
[*]* -e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录
[*]* -x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行
flag标记有:
[*]* last 相当于Apache里的标记,表示完成rewrite
[*]* break 终止匹配, 不再匹配后面的规则
[*]* redirect 返回302临时重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
[*]* permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
一些可用的全局变量有,可以用做条件判断(待补全)
[*]$args
[*]$content_length
[*]$content_type
[*]$document_root
[*]$document_uri
[*]$host
[*]$http_user_agent
[*]$http_cookie
[*]$limit_rate
[*]$request_body_file
[*]$request_method
[*]$remote_addr
[*]$remote_port
[*]$remote_user
[*]$request_filename
[*]$request_uri
[*]$query_string
[*]$scheme
[*]$server_protocol
[*]$server_addr
[*]$server_name
[*]$server_port
[*]$uri
结合QeePHP的例子
[*]if (!-d $request_filename) {
[*]rewrite ^/(+)/(+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;
[*]rewrite ^/(+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;
[*]break;
多目录转成参数
abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2
[*]if ($host ~* (.*)\.domain\.com) {
[*]set $sub_name $1;
[*]rewrite ^/sort\/(\d+)\/?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;
[*]}
目录对换
/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456
[*]rewrite ^/(\d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;
例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下:
[*]if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
[*]rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
[*]}
目录自动加“/”
[*]if (-d $request_filename){
[*]rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
[*]}
禁止htaccess
[*]location ~/\.ht {
[*] deny all;
[*] }
禁止多个目录
[*]location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
[*] deny all;
[*]break;
[*] }
禁止以/data开头的文件
可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;
[*]location ~ ^/data {
[*] deny all;
[*] }
禁止单个目录
不能禁止.log.txt能请求
[*]location /searchword/cron/ {
[*] deny all;
[*] }
禁止单个文件
[*]location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
[*] deny all;
[*] }
给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志
[*]location ~(favicon.ico) {
[*] log_not_found off;
[*]expires 99d;
[*]break;
[*] }
[*]
[*] location ~(robots.txt) {
[*] log_not_found off;
[*]expires 7d;
[*]break;
[*] }
设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒,并不记录访问日志
[*]location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
[*] access_log off;
[*] root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
[*]expires 600;
[*]break;
[*] }
文件反盗链并设置过期时间
这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码,默认为403,方便找出正确的盗链的请求
“rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片
“access_log off;”不记录访问日志,减轻压力
“expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存
[*]location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
[*]valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;
[*]if ($invalid_referer) {
[*] rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;
[*] return 412;
[*] break;
[*]}
[*] access_log off;
[*] root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
[*]expires 3d;
[*]break;
[*] }
只充许固定ip访问网站,并加上密码
[*]root /opt/htdocs/www;
[*]allow 208.97.167.194;
[*]allow 222.33.1.2;
[*]allow 231.152.49.4;
[*]deny all;
[*]auth_basic "C1G_ADMIN";
[*]auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;
将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件,增强seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html
[*]rewrite ^/job-(+)-(+)-(+)\.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;
将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
如果你将last改成permanent,那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/
[*]rewrite ^/(+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配
[*]rewrite ^/(+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
[*]rewrite ^/(+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
这样/shanghai 也可以访问了,但页面中的相对链接无法使用,
如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。
那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯
(-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录,而我的rewrite不是的,所以没有效果
[*]if (-d $request_filename){
[*]rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
[*]}
知道原因后就好办了,让我手动跳转吧
[*]rewrite ^/(+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
[*]rewrite ^/(+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
文件和目录不存在的时候重定向:
[*]if (!-e $request_filename) {
[*]proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
[*]}
域名跳转
[*]server
[*] {
[*] listen 80;
[*] server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;
[*] index index.html index.htm index.php;
[*] root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
[*] rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/;
[*] access_log off;
[*] }
多域名转向
[*]server_name www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net;
[*] index index.html index.htm index.php;
[*] root /opt/lampp/htdocs;
[*]if ($host ~ "c1gstudio\.net") {
[*]rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent;
[*]}
三级域名跳转
[*]if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)\.i\.c1gstudio\.com$") {
[*]rewrite ^(.*) http://top.c1gstudio.com$1;
[*]break;
[*]}
域名镜向
[*]server
[*] {
[*] listen 80;
[*] server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com;
[*] index index.html index.htm index.php;
[*] root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
[*] rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last;
[*] access_log off;
[*] }
某个子目录作镜向
[*]location ^~ /zhaopinhui {
[*] rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last;
[*] break;
[*] }
discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite
[*]rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)\.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;
[*]rewrite ^/(space|network)\.html$ /$1.php last;
[*]rewrite ^/(+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;
discuz 7 rewrite
[*]rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
[*]rewrite ^(.*)/forum-(+)-(+)\.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
[*]rewrite ^(.*)/thread-(+)-(+)-(+)\.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page\%3D$4&page=$3 last;
[*]rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
[*]rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
[*]rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)\.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;
给discuz某版块单独配置域名
[*]server_name bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com;
[*]
[*] location = / {
[*] if ($http_host ~ news\.c1gstudio.com$) {
[*] rewrite ^.+ http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html last;
[*] break;
[*]}
[*] }
discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化
[*]location ^~ /ucenter {
[*] location ~ .*\.php?$
[*] {
[*] #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
[*] fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
[*] fastcgi_index index.php;
[*] include fcgi.conf;
[*] }
[*]
[*] location /ucenter/data/avatar {
[*]log_not_found off;
[*]access_log off;
[*]location ~ /(.*)_big\.jpg$ {
[*] error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;
[*]}
[*]location ~ /(.*)_middle\.jpg$ {
[*] error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;
[*]}
[*]location ~ /(.*)_small\.jpg$ {
[*] error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;
[*]}
[*]expires 300;
[*]break;
[*] }
[*] }
jspace rewrite
[*]location ~ .*\.php?$
[*] {
[*] #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
[*] fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
[*] fastcgi_index index.php;
[*] include fcgi.conf;
[*] }
[*]
[*] location ~* ^/index.php/
[*] {
[*] rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
[*] fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
[*] fastcgi_index index.php;
[*] include fcgi.conf;
[*] }
wordpress rewrite
[*]location / {
[*] index index.html index.php;
[*] if (-f $request_filename/index.html){
[*] rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break;
[*] }
[*] if (-f $request_filename/index.php){
[*] rewrite (.*) $1/index.php;
[*] }
[*]if (!-e $request_filename)
[*]{
[*] rewrite (.*) /index.php;
[*]}
[*]}
2010-1-11更新
discuzx 1.5 rewrite
[*]rewrite ^([^\.]*)/topic-(.+)\.html$ $1/portal.php?mod=topic&topic=$2 last;
[*]rewrite ^([^\.]*)/article-(+)-(+)\.html$ $1/portal.php?mod=view&aid=$2&page=$3 last;
[*]rewrite ^([^\.]*)/forum-(\w+)-(+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=forumdisplay&fid=$2&page=$3 last;
[*]rewrite ^([^\.]*)/thread-(+)-(+)-(+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3 last;
[*]rewrite ^([^\.]*)/group-(+)-(+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=group&fid=$2&page=$3 last;
[*]rewrite ^([^\.]*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/home.php?mod=space&$2=$3 last;
[*]rewrite ^([^\.]*)/(+)-(.+)\.html$ $1/$2.php?rewrite=$3 last;
[*]if (!-e $request_filename) {
[*]return 404;
[*]}
动态参数rewrite
以discuz7.2到discuzx1.5为例
[*]if ($query_string ~* tid=(+)) {
[*] set $id $1;
[*] rewrite "^(.*)/viewthread.php$" $1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$id&extra=page%3D&page=1 last;
[*]}
[*]if ($query_string ~* gid=(+)) {
[*] set $id $1;
[*] rewrite "^(.*)/index.php$" $1/forum.php?gid=$id last;
[*]}
[*]rewrite ^([^\.]*)/archiver/$ $1/forum.php?archiver=1 last;
2011-4-21更新
nginx 嵌套if
nginx不支持if and和多层嵌套if,让我头痛很久,需要通过其它方法实现.
下面是把访问镜像网站cnc.c1gstudio.com的爬虫转到www站.
[*]set $needrewrite '';
[*]if ($http_user_agent ~* (baiduspider|googlebot|soso|bing|sogou|yahoo|sohu-search|yodao|YoudaoBot|robozilla|msnbot|MJ12bot|NHN|Twiceler)) {
[*]set $needrewrite 'o';
[*]}
[*]if ($host ~ cnc\.c1gstudio\.com) {
[*]set $needrewrite "${needrewrite}k";
[*]}
[*]if ($needrewrite = ok) {
[*]#return 403;
[*]rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent;
[*]}
reload nginx后可以用curl来做测试
curl -I -A “soso” cnc.c1gstudio.com
apache 转 nginx 规则工具
http://www.ubuntuset.com/apache2nginx
尊重原创
本文转自 http://blog.c1gstudio.com/archives/434
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