centos6 安装ruby on rails环境并部署（nginx+unicorn）
1.第一步su root ***
安装依赖包
yum -y install gcc
yum install flex autoconf zlib curl zlib-devel curl-devel bzip2bzip2-devel ncurses-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel pam-devel
gcc+ gcc-c++ libxml2 libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel
（说明：以上包都得安装上，否则最后rails 环境会出错）
2.安装ruby
wget ftp://ftp.ruby-lang.org//pub/ruby/1.9/ruby-1.9.2-p0.tar.gz
tar -zxvf ruby-1.9.2-p0.tar.gz
cd ruby-1.9.2-p0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/ruby
make
make test
make install
3.ruby 安装后 gem list出现错误
ERROR:Loading command: list (LoadError)
no such file to load -- zlib
ERROR:While executing gem ... (NameError)
uninitialized constant Gem::Commands::ListCommand
解决办法：
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
(2)然后到源码目录的ext/zlib下 （刚才解压的ruby1.9.2目录）
sudo ruby extconf.rb （需要管理员权限）
make
sudo make install
4. sudo: ruby: command not found
建立以下软链接:
sudo ln -s /usr/local/ruby/bin/ruby /usr/bin/ruby
sudo ln -s /usr/local/ruby/bin/gem /usr/bin/gem
5. gem install rails
6. 安装 mysql
三条命令实现安装 mysql
yum install mysql-server
yum install mysql
yum install mysql-devel
默认安装的mysql 密码是空 ， 所以需要修改密码
mysql -u root -p 回车进入
mysql> USE mysql;
mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('new-password') WHERE user='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
重启 mysql service
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/ var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)
sudo /etc/init.d/mysqld start
7. 安装git和部署项目
yum install git-core
ssh-keygen -t rsa
如果是从别的地方拷贝过来的，需 进行权限操作：
chmod 777 id_rsa id_rsa.pub
8.克隆服务器项目
(1).rails 项目为了避免麻烦的权限，一般部署在 ～/ 目录下
mkdir projects && cd ..
git clone git@192.168.8.201:entos.git
cd entos
切换到开发分支
git checkout develop
bundle install
mv config/database.yml.example database.yml
(2) 修改示例数据库配置文件
vi config/database.yml edit root# password
建库，数据迁移
bundle exec rake RAILS_ENV=production db:create:all
bundle exec rake RAILS_ENV=production db:migrate
(3) 启动服务并测试
rails s
本地测试rails 环境是否搭建成功
浏览器访问:localhost:3000 是否出现首页
（4） 再此期间遇到的问题：
a 如果出现：errors:libxml2 is missing.please visit http://nokogiri.org/tutorials/installing_nokogiri.html for help with installing dependencies.
解决方法：sudo yum install -y libxml2 libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel （此时要有 -y 参数，否则安装出错）
b 如果出现 ：make: g++: Command not found
解决方法：yum -y install gcc+ gcc-c++
c 如果出现：no such file to load -- openssl (LoadError)
解决办法： cd ~/Downloads/ruby-1.9.2-p180/ext/openssl (assuming you extracted the ruby tar to ~/Downloads)
$ ruby extconf.rb && make && sudo make install
9.nginx+unicorn 部署：
(1) install nginx
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.0.10.tar.gz
sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
make&& make install
启动 ：sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
停止：sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
重启：sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
（2）安装遇到的问题
./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
安装pcre-devel解决问题
yum -y install pcre-devel
（3）安装Unicorn
gem install unicorn
获取 unicorn 配置文件
curl -o config/unicorn.rb https://raw.github.com/defunkt/unicorn/master/examples/unicorn.conf.rb
修改配置文件：
vi config/unicorn.rb
app_path="/home/dong/projects/entos"
working_directory app_path# available in 0.94.0+
listen app_path+"/tmp/nginx/sockets/unicorn.sock", :backlog => 64 (/tmp/nginx/sockets 需提前创建该文件目录，特别注意：unicorn.sock 不用创建，当unicorn_rails 启动后，会自动生成该文件*.sock)
listen 8080, :tcp_nopush => true
timeout 30
pid app_path+"/tmp/pids/unicorn.pid"
stderr_path app_path+"/log/unicorn.stderr.log"
stdout_path app_path+"/log/unicorn.stdout.log"
(须在项目log目录下创建 unicorn.stderr.log ，unicorn.stdout.log，两个文件)
touch log/unicorn.stderr.log
touch log/unicorn.stdout.log
启动 unicorn_rails
unicorn_rails -c config/unicorn.rb -E production -D
unicorn_rails -c config/unicorn.rb-D
#运行次命令前要开启数据库服务，否则会启动报错
sudo gedit /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
关键代码配置：
userroot root;
http{
upstream unicorn_server {
server unix:/home/dong/projects/entos/tmp/nginx/sockets/unicorn.sock fail_timeout=0;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_namewww.entsea.com;
root /home/dong/projects/entos/public;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_loglogs/host.access.logmain;
location / {
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_buffering on;
proxy_pass http://unicorn_server; #关键部分，如果没此配置：则会出现 nginx 403 Forbidden ，即使放到最大权限也无济于事
}
}
}
如果是本地测试，需添加 链接
vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 www.entsea.com
测试：浏览器输入 www.entsea.com 会看到首页
10.centos 安装中文输入法
yum install "@Chinese Support"
Preferences-Input method-最后选择添加...
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