kvm及libvirt、使用virsh管理kvm虚拟机、网络虚拟化技术基础...
kvm及libvirt、使用virsh管理kvm虚拟机、网络虚拟化技术基础、网络名称空间netns用法详解01kvm及libvirt
# yum install libvirt libvirt-client python-virtinst virt-manager virt-install -y
# yum -y install qemu-kvm
# systemctl start libvirtd.service
#创建桥
# virsh iface-bridge eno16777736 br0 --no-stp
# systemctl restart network.service
# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000c29ba0d2f no eno16777736
virbr0 8000.52540067a9f3 yes virbr0-nic
#创建虚拟机
# virt-manager
02使用virsh管理kvm虚拟机
# yum -y install virt-viewer
# mkdir /images/centos -p
# virt-install -n centos6.7 -r 512 --vcpus=2,maxvcpus=4 --pxe --disk /images/centos/centos6.7.qcow2,size=120,format=qcow2,bus=virtio,sparse=yes --network bridge=br0,model=virtio --force
# virsh list
Id 名称 状态
----------------------------------------------------
3 centos6.7 running
# virt-viewer 3
#强制关机
# virsh destroy 1
# ls /etc/libvirt/qemu
centos6.7.xmlnetworks
#根据xml文件创建虚拟机
# virsh create /etc/libvirt/qemu/centos6.7.xml
域 centos6.7 被创建从 /etc/libvirt/qemu/centos6.7.xml
#创建的虚拟机已经运行了
# virsh list
Id 名称 状态
----------------------------------------------------
2 centos6.7 running
#删除虚拟机
# virsh undefine centos6.7 --remove-all-storage
域 centos6.7 已经被取消定义
已删除卷 'vda'(/images/centos/centos6.7.qcow2)。
# virt-install -n centos6.7 -r 512 --vcpus=2,maxvcpus=4 --pxe --disk /images/centos/centos6.7.qcow2,size=120,format=qcow2,bus=virtio,sparse=yes --network bridge=br0,model=virtio --force --nographics
# virt-install -n centos6.7 -r 512 --vcpus=2,maxvcpus=4 --pxe --disk /images/centos/centos6.7.qcow2,size=120,format=qcow2,bus=virtio,sparse=yes --network bridge=br0,model=virtio --force --graphics vnc
# mkdir /images/cirros
# mv cirros-no_cloud-0.3.0-i386-disk.img /images/cirros/
#试运行操作
# virt-install -n cirros -r 128 --disk /images/cirros/cirros-no_cloud-0.3.0-i386-disk.img--import --dry-run
WARNING未检测到操作系统虚拟机性能可能会受到影响。使用 --os-variant 选项指定操作系统以获得最佳性能。
试运行成功完成
# virt-install -n cirros -r 128 --disk /images/cirros/cirros-no_cloud-0.3.0-i386-disk.img--import
# virt-install -n cirros -r 128 --vcpus=1,maxvcpus=4 --disk /images/cirros/cirros-no_cloud-0.3.0-i386-disk.img --network bridge=br0,model=virtio--import --serial=pty --console=pty --nographics
#创建磁盘映像文件
# qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o size=20G,preallocation=metadata /images/cirros/second.qcow2
#查看磁盘映像文件信息
# qemu-img info /images/cirros/second.qcow2
image: /images/cirros/second.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 20G (21474836480 bytes)
disk size: 4.1M
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
lazy refcounts: false
#把新增磁盘添加到正在运行的虚拟机上
# virsh attach-disk 8 /images/cirros/second.qcow2 vda --targetbus virtio
成功附加磁盘
#拆除正在运行的虚拟机上的硬盘
# virsh detach-disk 8 vda
成功分离磁盘
#向虚拟机上添加网络接口
# virsh attach-interface 8 bridge virbr0
成功附加接口
#拆除虚拟机上网络接口
# virsh detach-interface 8 bridge --mac 52:54:00:E7:4D:25
成功分离接口
#查看虚拟机的定义信息
# virsh dumpxml cirros
#查看域CPU个数
# virsh vcpucount 8
最大值 配置 4
最大值 live 4
当前 配置 1
当前 live 1
#查看域CPU信息
# virsh vcpuinfo 8
VCPU: 0
CPU: 1
状态 running
CPU 时间 111.0s
CPU关系: yyyy
#配置域中vcpu
# virsh setvcpus 8 2
# virsh vcpuinfo 8
VCPU: 0
CPU: 0
状态 running
CPU 时间 111.5s
CPU关系: yyyy
VCPU: 1
CPU: 0
状态 running
CPU关系: yyyy
#查看域磁盘位置
# virsh domblklist 8
目标 源
------------------------------------------------
hda /images/cirros/cirros-no_cloud-0.3.0-i386-disk.img
#查看域网络信息
# virsh domiflist 8
接口 类型 源 型号 MAC
-------------------------------------------------------
vnet0 bridge br0 virtio 52:54:00:c1:01:14
#查看域信息
# virsh dominfo 8
Id: 8
名称 cirros
UUID: fc2c006f-f336-47cd-a6d8-b5f474167b88
OS 类型 hvm
状态 running
CPU 2
CPU 时间 124.5s
最大内存 131072 KiB
使用的内存 131072 KiB
持久 是
自动启动 禁用
管理的保存 否
安全性模式 none
安全性 DOI 0
#显示节点信息物理机
# virsh nodeinfo
CPU 型号 x86_64
CPU 4
CPU 频率 2128 MHz
CPU socket 1
每个 socket 的内核数 4
每个内核的线程数 1
NUMA 单元 1
内存大小 8388084 KiB
#显示URI
# virsh uri
qemu:///system
#显示版本号
# virsh version
根据库编译libvirt 2.0.0
使用库libvirt 2.0.0
使用的 API: QEMU 2.0.0
运行管理程序: QEMU 1.5.3
#列出接口
# virsh iface-list
名称 状态 MAC 地址
---------------------------------------------------
br0 活动 00:0c:29:ba:0d:2f
lo 活动 00:00:00:00:00:00
#列出过滤器
# virsh nwfilter-list
UUID 名称
------------------------------------------------------------------
13c88621-6473-4883-bb5b-ea25f0b0f8dballow-arp
792262fd-29f0-4fd6-8ae3-f7f320774dc1allow-dhcp
6175cb41-2c50-420a-b779-9bdbeaa62cb9allow-dhcp-server
4ac77628-0369-48b0-8544-bd694fd12994allow-incoming-ipv4
7ee5bef8-9170-4320-ba3b-bc4d6d5fe6d8allow-ipv4
e712460b-3505-4ded-9b99-5ee2ea54c417clean-traffic
2fea4106-6c3e-49c5-8297-871bf7656992no-arp-ip-spoofing
2ce69339-59ba-4002-81fe-d650e9045927no-arp-mac-spoofing
4fefe23c-b1fc-4daf-be95-4844d03ff006no-arp-spoofing
7d6d1c55-d6ad-44c8-aab1-50de8988db81no-ip-multicast
dfd46e5c-37a5-4465-aec9-38c3e8747d87no-ip-spoofing
7f86b7e0-9873-4174-83ad-2853af8853cbno-mac-broadcast
c396c95a-e1a4-44ad-95a2-c1c76bcca423no-mac-spoofing
d6681b9e-cfc5-483e-9f71-170cb4cecf13no-other-l2-traffic
c7031d28-5e60-4345-ac88-a9b72acc48fbno-other-rarp-traffic
37140bfc-595f-43f6-a831-fe223106794cqemu-announce-self
26522e96-db13-43ad-9bdb-6c29fbcfb9b6qemu-announce-self-rarp
03网络虚拟化技术基础
#查看802.1q模块信息
# modinfo 8021q
filename: /lib/modules/3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64/kernel/net/8021q/8021q.ko
version: 1.8
license: GPL
alias: rtnl-link-vlan
rhelversion: 7.2
srcversion: 2E63BD725D9DC11C7DA6190
depends: mrp,garp
intree: Y
vermagic: 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 SMP mod_unload modversions
signer: CentOS Linux kernel signing key
sig_key: 79:AD:88:6A:11:3C:A0:22:35:26:33:6C:0F:82:5B:8A:94:29:6A:B3
sig_hashalgo: sha256
#加载模块
# modprobe 8021q
# yum install vconfig
04网络名称空间netns用法详解
配置环境
node1:192.168.1.131CentOS Linux release 7.2
node2:192.168.1.132CentOS Linux release 7.2
# ip netns add r1
# ip netns add r2
# ip netns list
r2
r1
# ip netns exec r1 ifconfig -a
lo: flags=8<LOOPBACK>mtu 65536
looptxqueuelen 0(Local Loopback)
RX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
# ip netns exec r1 route -n
# ip netns exec r1 ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1/8 up
# ip netns exec r1 ifconfig
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1prefixlen 128scopeid 0x10<host>
looptxqueuelen 0(Local Loopback)
RX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
# ip netns exec r2 ifconfig -a
lo: flags=8<LOOPBACK>mtu 65536
looptxqueuelen 0(Local Loopback)
RX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
#查看R1 iptables规则
# ip netns exec r1 iptables -L -n
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
#创建物理桥
# brctl addbr br-ex
# ip link set br-ex up
# ip addr del 192.168.1.131/24 dev eno16777736;ip addr add 192.168.1.131/24 dev br-ex;brctl addif br-ex eno16777736
#创建内部桥
# brctl addbr br-in
# ip link set br-in up
#开启路由转发功能
# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
添加
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
#创建一对虚拟网卡
# ip link add veth1.1 type veth peer name veth1.2
# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br-ex state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:50:27:c4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT
link/ether 52:54:00:43:0d:84 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 500
link/ether 52:54:00:43:0d:84 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: br-ex: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT
link/ether 00:0c:29:50:27:c4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
6: br-in: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT
link/ether ca:89:b9:dc:cd:7d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
7: veth1.2@veth1.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether c6:66:c7:32:06:e1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
8: veth1.1@veth1.2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 5e:58:78:10:ed:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
# ip link set veth1.1 netns r1
# ip link set veth1.2 netns r2
# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br-ex state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:50:27:c4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT
link/ether 52:54:00:43:0d:84 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 500
link/ether 52:54:00:43:0d:84 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: br-ex: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT
link/ether 00:0c:29:50:27:c4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
6: br-in: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT
link/ether ca:89:b9:dc:cd:7d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
# ip netns exec r1 ifconfig -a
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1prefixlen 128scopeid 0x10<host>
looptxqueuelen 0(Local Loopback)
RX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
veth1.1: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST>mtu 1500
ether 5e:58:78:10:ed:a0txqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
RX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
# ip netns exec r2 ifconfig -a
lo: flags=8<LOOPBACK>mtu 65536
looptxqueuelen 0(Local Loopback)
RX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
veth1.2: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST>mtu 1500
ether c6:66:c7:32:06:e1txqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
RX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
#更改R1网卡显示名
# ip netns exec r1 ip link set veth1.1 name eth0
# ip netns exec r1 ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
8: eth0@if7: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 5e:58:78:10:ed:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
#更改R2网卡显示名
# ip netns exec r2 ip link set veth1.2 name eth0
# ip netns exec r1 ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
8: eth0@if7: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 5e:58:78:10:ed:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
#配置R1、R2的IP
# ip netns exec r1 ifconfig eth0 10.0.1.1/24 up
# ip netns exec r2 ifconfig eth0 10.0.1.2/24 up
#测试R1、R2联通性
# ip netns exec r1 ping 10.0.1.1
PING 10.0.1.1 (10.0.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.314 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.057 ms
^C
--- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.057/0.185/0.314/0.129 ms
# ip netns exec r1 ping 10.0.1.2
PING 10.0.1.2 (10.0.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.191 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.072 ms
# route add default gw 192.168.1.254
# yum -y install qemu-kvm
# modprobe kvm
# mkdir -p /images/cirros
# cd /images/cirros/
# ls
cirros-no_cloud-0.3.0-i386-disk.img
# cp cirros-no_cloud-0.3.0-i386-disk.img test1.qcow2
# cp cirros-no_cloud-0.3.0-i386-disk.img test2.qcow2
# cd
# vim /etc/qemu-ifup
#!/bin/bash
#
bridge=br-in
if [ -n "$1" ];then
ip link set $1 up
brctl addif $bridge $1
[ $? -eq 0 ] && exit 0 || exit 1
else
echo "Error: no interface specified."
exit 1
fi
# chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifup
# bash -n /etc/qemu-ifup
# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/
#安装第一个虚拟机
# qemu-kvm -m 128 -smp 1 -name vm1 -drive file=/images/cirros/test1.qcow2,if=virtio,media=disk -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:aa:bb:cc -net tap,ifname=vif1.0,script=/etc/qemu-ifup --nographic
#安装第二个虚拟机
# qemu-kvm -m 128 -smp 1 -name vm2 -drive file=/images/cirros/test2.qcow2,if=virtio,media=disk -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:aa:bb:dd -net tap,ifname=vif2.0,script=/etc/qemu-ifup --nographic
# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br-ex 8000.000c295027c4 no eno16777736
br-in 8000.1a39688cf1ea no vif1.0
vif2.0
# ip netns delete r1
# ip netns delete r2
# ip netns list
# ip netns add r1
# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br-ex state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:50:27:c4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT
link/ether 52:54:00:43:0d:84 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 500
link/ether 52:54:00:43:0d:84 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: br-ex: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT
link/ether 00:0c:29:50:27:c4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
6: br-in: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT
link/ether 1a:39:68:8c:f1:ea brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
10: vif1.0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br-in state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 500
link/ether 6a:02:16:30:9c:82 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
11: vif2.0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br-in state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 500
link/ether 1a:39:68:8c:f1:ea brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
# ip link add rinr type veth peer name rins
# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br-ex state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:50:27:c4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT
link/ether 52:54:00:43:0d:84 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 500
link/ether 52:54:00:43:0d:84 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: br-ex: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT
link/ether 00:0c:29:50:27:c4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
6: br-in: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT
link/ether 1a:39:68:8c:f1:ea brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
10: vif1.0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br-in state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 500
link/ether 6a:02:16:30:9c:82 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
11: vif2.0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br-in state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 500
link/ether 1a:39:68:8c:f1:ea brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
12: rins@rinr: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 7e:d4:16:e7:22:cc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
13: rinr@rins: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether da:cf:c3:b5:7b:8a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
# ip link set rinr up
# ip link set rins up
# brctl addif br-in rins
# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br-ex 8000.000c295027c4 no eno16777736
br-in 8000.1a39688cf1ea no rins
vif1.0
vif2.0
# ip link set rinr netns r1
#R1网卡改名
# ip netns exec r1 ifconfig -a
lo: flags=8<LOOPBACK>mtu 65536
looptxqueuelen 0(Local Loopback)
RX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
rinr: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST>mtu 1500
ether da:cf:c3:b5:7b:8atxqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
RX packets 8bytes 648 (648.0 B)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 8bytes 648 (648.0 B)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
# ip netns exec r1 ip link set rinr name eth0
# ip netns exec r1 ifconfig -a
eth0: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST>mtu 1500
ether da:cf:c3:b5:7b:8atxqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
RX packets 8bytes 648 (648.0 B)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 8bytes 648 (648.0 B)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
lo: flags=8<LOOPBACK>mtu 65536
looptxqueuelen 0(Local Loopback)
RX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
# ip netns exec r1 ip link set eth0 up
# ip netns exec r1 ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
13: eth0@if12: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether da:cf:c3:b5:7b:8a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
# ip netns exec r1 ifconfig eth0 10.0.1.254/24 up
# ip netns exec r1 ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>mtu 1500
inet 10.0.1.254netmask 255.255.255.0broadcast 10.0.1.255
inet6 fe80::d8cf:c3ff:feb5:7b8aprefixlen 64scopeid 0x20<link>
ether da:cf:c3:b5:7b:8atxqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
RX packets 8bytes 648 (648.0 B)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 16bytes 1296 (1.2 KiB)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
#配置第一台虚拟机IP
$ sudo su -
# ifconfig eth0 10.0.1.1/24 up
# ping 10.0.1.254
PING 10.0.1.254 (10.0.1.254): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.0.1.254: seq=0 ttl=64 time=159.302 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.1.254: seq=1 ttl=64 time=5.182 ms
# route add default gw 10.0.1.254
#配置第二台虚拟机IP
$ sudo su -
# ifconfig eth0 10.0.1.2/24 up
# ping 10.0.1.254
PING 10.0.1.254 (10.0.1.254): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.0.1.254: seq=0 ttl=64 time=11.109 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.1.254: seq=1 ttl=64 time=4.452 ms
--- 10.0.1.254 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 4.452/7.780/11.109 ms
# route add default gw 10.0.1.254
# ip link add rexr type veth peer name rexs
# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br-ex state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:50:27:c4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT
link/ether 52:54:00:43:0d:84 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 500
link/ether 52:54:00:43:0d:84 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: br-ex: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT
link/ether 00:0c:29:50:27:c4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
6: br-in: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT
link/ether 1a:39:68:8c:f1:ea brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
10: vif1.0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br-in state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 500
link/ether 6a:02:16:30:9c:82 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
11: vif2.0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br-in state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 500
link/ether 1a:39:68:8c:f1:ea brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
12: rins@if13: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br-in state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 7e:d4:16:e7:22:cc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
14: rexs@rexr: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether c2:6a:a0:96:0e:27 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
15: rexr@rexs: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether ce:6d:e3:9e:d1:1c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
# brctl addif br-ex rexs
# ip link set rexs up
# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br-ex 8000.000c295027c4 no eno16777736
rexs
br-in 8000.1a39688cf1ea no rins
vif1.0
vif2.0
# ip link set rexr netns r1
# ip netns exec r1 ip link set rexr name eth1
# ip netns exec r1 ifconfig eth1 192.168.1.134/24 up
# ip netns exec r1 ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>mtu 1500
inet 10.0.1.254netmask 255.255.255.0broadcast 10.0.1.255
inet6 fe80::d8cf:c3ff:feb5:7b8aprefixlen 64scopeid 0x20<link>
ether da:cf:c3:b5:7b:8atxqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
RX packets 27bytes 2174 (2.1 KiB)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 32bytes 2696 (2.6 KiB)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.134netmask 255.255.255.0broadcast 192.168.1.255
inet6 fe80::cc6d:e3ff:fe9e:d11cprefixlen 64scopeid 0x20<link>
ether ce:6d:e3:9e:d1:1ctxqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
RX packets 33bytes 4560 (4.4 KiB)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 8bytes 648 (648.0 B)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
# ip netns exec r1 ping 192.168.1.1
PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.72 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.453 ms
#测试虚拟机网络
# tcpdump -i vif1.0 -nnicmp
tcpdump: WARNING: vif1.0: no IPv4 address assigned
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on vif1.0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
09:43:35.448999 IP 10.0.1.1 > 192.168.1.1: ICMP echo request, id 43520, seq 186, length 64
09:43:36.456217 IP 10.0.1.1 > 192.168.1.1: ICMP echo request, id 43520, seq 187, length 64
^C
2 packets captured
2 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
# tcpdump -i rins -nnicmp
tcpdump: WARNING: rins: no IPv4 address assigned
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on rins, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
09:43:06.250500 IP 10.0.1.1 > 192.168.1.1: ICMP echo request, id 43520, seq 157, length 64
09:43:07.257803 IP 10.0.1.1 > 192.168.1.1: ICMP echo request, id 43520, seq 158, length 64
09:43:08.265838 IP 10.0.1.1 > 192.168.1.1: ICMP echo request, id 43520, seq 159, length 64
^C
3 packets captured
3 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
# ip netns exec r1 tcpdump -i eth0 -nn icmp
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
09:45:20.239901 IP 10.0.1.1 > 192.168.1.1: ICMP echo request, id 43520, seq 290, length 64
09:45:21.246984 IP 10.0.1.1 > 192.168.1.1: ICMP echo request, id 43520, seq 291, length 64
09:45:22.254115 IP 10.0.1.1 > 192.168.1.1: ICMP echo request, id 43520, seq 292, length 64
^C
3 packets captured
3 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
# ip netns exec r1 tcpdump -i eth1 -nn icmp
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
09:46:18.629898 IP 10.0.1.1 > 192.168.1.1: ICMP echo request, id 43520, seq 348, length 64
09:46:19.637394 IP 10.0.1.1 > 192.168.1.1: ICMP echo request, id 43520, seq 349, length 64
09:46:20.644763 IP 10.0.1.1 > 192.168.1.1: ICMP echo request, id 43520, seq 350, length 64
^C
3 packets captured
3 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
#从192.168.1.1上抓包
# tcpdump -i eth0 -nn icmp
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
09:53:52.872389 IP 192.168.1.1 > 114.114.114.114: ICMP 192.168.1.1 udp port 16588 unreachable, length 66
09:53:52.893624 IP 10.0.1.1 > 192.168.1.1: ICMP echo request, id 44288, seq 5, length 64
09:53:52.893646 IP 192.168.1.1 > 10.0.1.1: ICMP echo reply, id 44288, seq 5, length 64
09:53:53.901275 IP 10.0.1.1 > 192.168.1.1: ICMP echo request, id 44288, seq 6, length 64
09:53:53.901299 IP 192.168.1.1 > 10.0.1.1: ICMP echo reply, id 44288, seq 6, length 64
^C
5 packets captured
5 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
#在R1上添加iptables NAT路由转发
# ip netns exec r1 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.1.0/24 ! -d 10.0.1.0/24 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.1.134# ip netns exec r1 iptables -t nat -L -n
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
SNAT all--10.0.1.0/24 !10.0.1.0/24 to:192.168.1.134
测试网络成功
再次抓包
# tcpdump -i rins -nnicmp
tcpdump: WARNING: rins: no IPv4 address assigned
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on rins, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
10:00:11.768476 IP 10.0.1.1 > 192.168.1.132: ICMP echo request, id 45312, seq 5, length 64
10:00:11.769866 IP 192.168.1.132 > 10.0.1.1: ICMP echo reply, id 45312, seq 5, length 64
10:00:12.781633 IP 10.0.1.1 > 192.168.1.132: ICMP echo request, id 45312, seq 6, length 64
10:00:12.782421 IP 192.168.1.132 > 10.0.1.1: ICMP echo reply, id 45312, seq 6, length 64
^C
4 packets captured
4 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
#在R1上配置dhcp
# ip netns exec r1 dnsmasq --dhcp-range 10.0.1.100,10.0.1.120
#虚拟机自动获得IP地址
# udhcpc -R
udhcpc (v1.18.5) started
Sending discover...
Sending select for 10.0.1.120...
Lease of 10.0.1.120 obtained, lease time 3600
deleting routers
route: SIOCDELRT: No such process
adding dns 10.0.1.254
# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:EthernetHWaddr 52:54:00:AA:BB:DD
inet addr:10.0.1.120Bcast:10.0.1.255Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:feaa:bbdd/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICASTMTU:1500Metric:1
RX packets:29 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:32 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2838 (2.7 KiB)TX bytes:3476 (3.3 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNINGMTU:16436Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 10.0.1.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
10.0.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
# ip netns exec r1 killall dnsmasq
# ip netns exec r1 dnsmasq -F 10.0.1.151,10.0.1.160 --dhcp-option=option:router,10.0.1.254
# udhcpc -R
udhcpc (v1.18.5) started
Sending discover...
Sending select for 10.0.1.158...
Lease of 10.0.1.158 obtained, lease time 3600
deleting routers
route: SIOCDELRT: No such process
adding dns 10.0.1.254
# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 10.0.1.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
10.0.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
很好，学习了！
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