ookkl 发表于 2017-2-20 08:48:16

MySQL之用Mysql-Proxy实现读写分离

MySQL Proxy是一个处于你的client端和MySQL server端之间的简单程序,它可以监测、分析或改变它们的通信。它使用灵活,没有限制,常见的用途包括:负载平衡,故障、查询分析,查询过滤和修改等等。
MySQL Proxy就是这么一个中间层代理,简单的说,MySQL Proxy就是一个连接池,负责将前台应用的连接请求转发给后台的数据库,并且通过使用lua脚本,可以实现复杂的连接控制和过滤,从而实现读写分离和负载平衡。对于应用来说,MySQL Proxy是完全透明的,应用则只需要连接到MySQL Proxy的监听端口即可。当然,这样proxy机器可能成为单点失效,但完全可以使用多个proxy机器做为冗余,在应用服务器的连接池配置中配置到多个proxy的连接参数即可。
MySQL Proxy更强大的一项功能是实现“读写分离”,基本原理是让主数据库处理事务性查询,让从库处理SELECT查询。数据库复制被用来把事务性查询导致的变更同步到集群中的从库。

MySQL Proxy本身不支持读写分离,而是依赖Lua脚本进行扩展实现读写分离,它可以识别前端用户的sql语言并将写操作转发给主服务器,读操作转发给主服务器和从服务器或者只转发给从服务器

1、源码安装时,MySQL proxy的依赖关系:

libevent 1.x 或以上版本
lua 5.1.x或以上版本
glib2 2.6.0 或以上版本
pkg-config.
libtool 1.5或以上版本
MySQL 5.0.x 或以上版本

2、安装MySQL Proxy

# tar zxf mysql-proxy-0.8.2.tar.gz
# cd mysql-proxy-0.8.2
# ./configure
# make

# make check

如果管理员有密码,上面的步骤则需要使用如下格式进行:
# MYSQL_PASSWORD=root_pwd make check

# make install

默认情况下, mysql-proxy安装在/usr/local/sbin/mysql-proxy,而Lua示例脚本安装在/usr/local/share目录中。

3、配置指令

mysql proxy的各配置参数请参见官方文档,http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/mysql-proxy-configuration.html


使用rpm包在rhel6上安装mysql-proxy-0.8.2,其会提供配置文件及服务脚本,但没有提供读写分离的脚本。


/etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy文件用于定义mysql-proxy的启动参数。


ADMIN_USER – the user for the proxy's admin interface. You can leave the default admin user.
ADMIN_PASSWORD – the password for the admin user in clear text. Change the default password for better security.
ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT – the admin script in the Lua programming language. Without this script the admin interface cannot work. You can leave the default value.
PROXY_USER – the system user under which the proxy will work. By default it is mysql-proxy, and it's safe to leave it as is.
PROXY_OPTIONS – proxy options such as logging level, plugins, and Lua scripts to be loaded.


其中PROXY_OPTIONS是最常用的一个选项,用于定义mysql-proxy工作时的重要参数,例如:
PROXY_OPTIONS="--daemon --log-level=info --log-use-syslog --plugins=proxy --plugins=admin --proxy-backend-addresses=192.168.1.102:3306 --proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=192.168.1.105:3306 --proxy-lua-script=/usr/lib/mysql-proxy/lua/proxy/rw-splitting.lua"



四、安装配置mysql-proxy:


4.1 下载所需要的版本,这里的系统平台为rhel6.4 32位系统,因此就以mysql-proxy-0.8.3-linux-glibc2.3-x86-32bit.tar.gz为例。

# tar xf mysql-proxy-0.8.3-linux-glibc2.3-x86-32bit.tar.gz -C /usr/local
# cd /usr/local
# ln -sv mysql-proxy-0.8.3-linux-glibc2.3-x86-32bitmysql-proxy

添加代理用户
# useradd mysql-proxy

4.2 为mysql-proxy提供SysV服务脚本,内容如下所示

#vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql-proxy

#!/bin/bash
#
# mysql-proxy This script starts and stops the mysql-proxy daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 78 30
# processname: mysql-proxy
# description: mysql-proxy is a proxy daemon for mysql

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

prog="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy"

# Source networking configuration.
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/network ]; then
    . /etc/sysconfig/network
fi

# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0

# Set default mysql-proxy configuration.
ADMIN_USER="admin"
ADMIN_PASSWD="admin"
ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua"
PROXY_OPTIONS="--daemon"
PROXY_PID=/var/run/mysql-proxy.pid
PROXY_USER="mysql-proxy"

# Source mysql-proxy configuration.
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy ]; then
    . /etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy
fi

RETVAL=0

start() {
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    daemon $prog $PROXY_OPTIONS --pid-file=$PROXY_PID --proxy-address="$PROXY_ADDRESS" --user=$PROXY_USER --admin-username="$ADMIN_USER" --admin-lua-script="$ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT" --admin-password="$ADMIN_PASSWORD"
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then
      touch /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy
    fi
}

stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc -p $PROXY_PID -d 3 $prog
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then
      rm -f /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy
      rm -f $PROXY_PID
    fi
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
    start)
      start
      ;;
    stop)
      stop
      ;;
    restart)
      stop
      start
      ;;
    condrestart|try-restart)
      if status -p $PROXY_PIDFILE $prog >&/dev/null; then
            stop
            start
      fi
      ;;
    status)
      status -p $PROXY_PID $prog
      ;;
    *)
      echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status|condrestart|try-restart}"
      RETVAL=1
      ;;
esac

exit $RETVAL

将上述内容保存为/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql-proxy,给予执行权限,而后加入到服务列表。
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql-proxy
# chkconfig --add mysql-proxy



4.3 为服务脚本提供配置文件(即启动时的参数配置文件)/etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy,内容如下所示:

# Options for mysql-proxy
ADMIN_USER="admin"
ADMIN_PASSWORD="admin"
ADMIN_ADDRESS=""
ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua"
PROXY_ADDRESS=""
PROXY_USER="mysql-proxy"
PROXY_OPTIONS="--daemon --log-level=info --log-use-syslog"


其中最后一行,需要按实际场景进行修改,例如:
PROXY_OPTIONS="--daemon --log-level=info --log-use-syslog --plugins=proxy --plugins=admin --proxy-backend-addresses=172.16.100.6:3306 --proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=172.16.100.7:3306 --proxy-lua-script=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua"

其中的proxy-backend-addresses选项和proxy-read-only-backend-addresses选项均可重复使用多次,以实现指定多个读写服务器或只读服务器。

4.4 mysql-proxy的配置选项

mysql-proxy的配置选项大致可分为帮助选项、管理选项、代理选项及应用程序选项几类,下面一起去介绍它们。

--help
--help-admin
--help-proxy
--help-all ———— 以上四个选项均用于获取帮助信息;

--proxy-address=host:port ———— 代理服务监听的地址和端口;
--admin-address=host:port ———— 管理模块监听的地址和端口;
--proxy-backend-addresses=host:port ———— 后端mysql服务器的地址和端口;
--proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=host:port ———— 后端只读mysql服务器的地址和端口;
--proxy-lua-script=file_name ———— 完成mysql代理功能的Lua脚本;
--daemon ———— 以守护进程模式启动mysql-proxy;
--keepalive ———— 在mysql-proxy崩溃时尝试重启之;
--log-file=/path/to/log_file_name ———— 日志文件名称;
--log-level=level ———— 日志级别;
--log-use-syslog ———— 基于syslog记录日志;
--plugins=plugin,.. ———— 在mysql-proxy启动时加载的插件;
--user=user_name ———— 运行mysql-proxy进程的用户;
--defaults-file=/path/to/conf_file_name ———— 默认使用的配置文件路径;其配置段使用标识;
--proxy-skip-profiling ———— 禁用profile;
--pid-file=/path/to/pid_file_name ———— 进程文件名;




5、复制如下内容建立admin.lua文件,将其保存至/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/目录中。

--[[ $%BEGINLICENSE%$
Copyright (c) 2007, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the
License.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
02110-1301USA

$%ENDLICENSE%$ --]]

function set_error(errmsg)
proxy.response = {
type = proxy.MYSQLD_PACKET_ERR,
errmsg = errmsg or "error"
}
end

function read_query(packet)
if packet:byte() ~= proxy.COM_QUERY then
set_error(" we only handle text-based queries (COM_QUERY)")
return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT
end

local query = packet:sub(2)

local rows = { }
local fields = { }

if query:lower() == "select * from backends" then
fields = {
{ name = "backend_ndx",
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_LONG },

{ name = "address",
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },
{ name = "state",
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },
{ name = "type",
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },
{ name = "uuid",
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },
{ name = "connected_clients",
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_LONG },
}

for i = 1, #proxy.global.backends do
local states = {
"unknown",
"up",
"down"
}
local types = {
"unknown",
"rw",
"ro"
}
local b = proxy.global.backends

rows[#rows + 1] = {
i,
b.dst.name,          -- configured backend address
states, -- the C-id is pushed down starting at 0
types,   -- the C-id is pushed down starting at 0
b.uuid,            -- the MySQL Server's UUID if it is managed
b.connected_clients-- currently connected clients
}
end
elseif query:lower() == "select * from help" then
fields = {
{ name = "command",
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },
{ name = "description",
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },
}
rows[#rows + 1] = { "SELECT * FROM help", "shows this help" }
rows[#rows + 1] = { "SELECT * FROM backends", "lists the backends and their state" }
else
set_error("use 'SELECT * FROM help' to see the supported commands")
return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT
end

proxy.response = {
type = proxy.MYSQLD_PACKET_OK,
resultset = {
fields = fields,
rows = rows
}
}
return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT
end


6.1 管理功能测试

# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h172.16.100.107 --port=4041

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.0.99-agent-admin

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+
| backend_ndx | address       | state | type | uuid | connected_clients |
+-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+
|       1 | 172.16.100.6:3306 | up    | rw   | NULL |          0 |
|       2 | 172.16.100.7:3306 | up    | ro   | NULL |          0 |
+-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

6.2 读写分离测试

# mysql -uroot -pmagedu.com -h172.16.100.107 --port=4040

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