rhel6.4网络安装kvm虚拟机
本次试验环境如图1所示一：安装前提条件：1.确保主板支持intel-VT或AMD-V2.VMware里的rhel 6.4已经装好，并且已设置该虚拟机也支持虚拟化，设置如下所示
3.通过命令确认是否支持intel-VT或AMD-V# egrep --color "vmx|svm" /proc/cpuinfo有结果返回就说明支持，反之亦然
二：安装KVM并配置网卡桥接(桥接到eth1上)，在已安装的rhel 6.4 （图 1所示）上操作1.安装KVM#yum -y groupinstall Virtualization "Virtualization Client" "Virtualization Platform" "Virtualization Tools"# /etc/init.d/libvirtd start ; chkconfig libvirtd on#/etc/init.d/libvirt-guests start ; chkconfig libvirt-guests on
2.网桥设置# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1DEVICE=eth1HWADDR=00:0C:29:3F:5A:2eTYPE=EthernetONBOOT=yesNM_CONTROLLED=noBOOTPROTO=staticIPADDR=172.16.1.1NETMASK=255.255.255.0BRIDGE=br0 //添加这一行
# pwd/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts# cp ifcfg-eth1 ifcfg-br0# cat ifcfg-br0DEVICE=br0 //设备名为br0TYPE=Bridge //设别类型为BridgeONBOOT=yesNM_CONTROLLED=noBOOTPROTO=staticIPADDR=172.16.1.1NETMASK=255.255.255.0 重启网络#/etc/init.d/network restart查看网桥信息# brctl showbridge name bridge id STP enabled interfacesbr0 8000.000c293f5a2e no eth1 //已桥接到eth1上virbr0 8000.525400635d23 yes virbr0-nic
三：配置dhcp+tftp+vsftpd网络安装服务器◆.安装dhcp1.# yum -y install dhcp
2.配置dhcp# grep -v "^#"/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf |grep ^[^$]default-lease-time 600;max-lease-time 7200;next-server 172.16.1.1;filename "pxelinux.0";ddns-update-style none;log-facility local7;subnet 172.16.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 172.16.1.2 172.16.1.10;}#
3.启动dhcp服务# /etc/init.d/dhcpd start;chkconfig dhcpd onStarting dhcpd: #
◆.安装tftp-server和syslinux1.# yum -y install tftp-server syslinux
2.配置tftp# grep -v "^#"/etc/xinetd.d/tftpservice tftp{ socket_type = dgram protocol = udp wait = yes user = root server =/usr/sbin/in.tftpd server_args = -s/var/lib/tftpboot disable = no //把yes改为no per_source = 11 cps = 100 2 flags = IPv4}# pwd/var/lib/tftpboot# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 ./# mkdir pxelinux.cfg# cp /media/rhel/isolinux/* ./ ///media/rhel为光盘挂载目录# cp isolinux.cfg pxelinux.cfg/default# chmod 644 pxelinux.cfg/default# vi pxelinux.cfg/default （其中红色为更改处）default linux#prompt 1timeout 600
display boot.msg
menu background splash.jpgmenu title Welcome to Red Hat EnterpriseLinux 6.4!menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffffmenu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000
label linux menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system menu default kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img ksdevice=eth0 ks=ftp://172.16.1.1/rhel6.4.cfglabel vesa menu label Install system with ^basic video driver kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img xdriver=vesa nomodesetlabel rescue menu label ^Rescue installed system kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img rescuelabel local menu label Boot from ^local drive localboot 0xfffflabel memtest86 menu label ^Memory test kernel memtest append -#
3.启动xinentd服务# /etc/init.d/xinetd start ; chkconfig xinetd onStarting xinetd: #
◆安装vsftpd1. # yum -y install vsftpd2.启动vsftpd服务# /etc/init.d/vsftpd start ; chkconfig vsftpd onStarting vsftpd for vsftpd: #3.挂载安装光盘到ftp目录下# mount /dev/cdrom/ var/ftp/pub/
◆配置ks文件1.ks文件内容如下# cat rhel6.4.cfg#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T#version=DEVEL# Firewall configurationfirewall --disabled# Install OS instead of upgradeinstall# Use network installationurl --url="ftp://172.16.1.1/pub"# Root passwordrootpw --iscrypted$1$p4HkNd7X$xOiflpAb0Rsi6Ec2R1F9l1# System authorization informationauth --useshadow--passalgo=sha512# Use text mode installtext# System keyboardkeyboard us# System languagelang en_US# SELinux configurationselinux --disabled# Do not configure the X Window Systemskipx# Installation logging levellogging --level=info# Reboot after installationreboot# System timezonetimezone Asia/Shanghai# Network informationnetwork --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on# System bootloader configurationbootloader --location=mbr# Clear the Master Boot Recordzerombr# Partition clearing informationclearpart --all --initlabel# Disk partitioning informationpart / --fstype="ext4"--ondisk=vda --size=4000part swap --fstype="swap" --grow--ondisk=vda --size=1
%packages@basegccgcc-c++libstdc++-develmakeopenssh-clientsacpid
%end
%post
echo"ttyS0">>/etc/securettysed -i '/quiet/a\ console=ttyS0' /boot/grub/grub.confsed -i '/quiet/N; s/\n/ /' /boot/grub/grub.conf
cat >>/etc/yum.repos.d/network.repo<<EOFname=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.4baseurl=ftp://172.16.1.1/pub/Serverenabled=1gpgcheck=0
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.4baseurl=ftp://172.16.1.1/pub/HighAvailabilityenabled=1gpgcheck=0
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.4baseurl=ftp://172.16.1.1/pub/LoadBalancerenabled=1gpgcheck=0
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.4baseurl=ftp://172.16.1.1/pub/ResilientStorageenabled=1gpgcheck=0
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.4baseurl=ftp://172.16.1.1/pub/ScalableFileSystemenabled=1gpgcheck=0EOF#
注：ks文件制作这里不做演示，我已提前做好
2.复制rhel6.4.cfg到/var/ftp/目录下# cp rhel6.4.cfg /var/ftp/
四：开始安装虚拟机，virt-manager图形界面安装在这里不做演示，这里只演示通过ks文件安装1.location+"extra-args"方式安装# virt-install \> --name rhel6.4-1 \> --ram 1024 \> --vcpus 1 \> --os-type=linux \ //可以不需要这句，只支持URL方式> --os-variant=rhel6 \ //可以不需要这句,只支持URL方式> --network bridge=br0 \> --file /var/lib/libvirt/images/rhel6.4-1.img \>--file-size 5 \>--nonsparse \> --location ftp://172.16.1.1/pub/ \> --extra-args "ks=ftp://172.16.1.1/rhel6.4.cfg"
2.通过pxe方式安装 # virt-install \> --name rhel6.4-1 \> --ram 1024 \> --vcpus 1 \> --os-type=linux \ //可以不需要这句，只支持URL方式> --os-variant=rhel6 \ //可以不需要这句，只支持URL方式> --network bridge=br0 \> --file /var/lib/libvirt/images/rhel6.4-1.img \>--file-size 5 \>--nonsparse \>--pxe
注：以上两种方法可任选一种
3.正在格式化硬盘，如下图所示
4.正在安装，如下图所示
5.安装完成后，可通过virshconsole "虚拟机名"来控制虚拟机# virsh console rhel6.4-1
6.关于控制虚拟机的一些常用命令# virsh list //列出正在运行或暂停的虚拟机# virsh list --all //列出所有的虚拟机包括已关机的# virsh start rhel6.4-1 //开启名为rhel6.4-1这台虚拟机# virsh shutdown rhel6.4-1//关闭名为rhel6.4-1这台虚拟机# virsh reboot rhel6.4-1 //重启名为rhel6.4-1这台虚拟机# virsh destroy rhel6.4-1 //强行关闭名为rhel6.4-1这台虚拟机# virsh dominfo rhel6.4-1 //列出名为rhel6.4-1这台虚拟机的相关信息
关于更详细的命令可以查看virsh的man手册页
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