virsh 操作kvm虚拟机
#查看你的硬件是否支持虚拟化。命令：#egrep '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo
#安装基础包
#yum -y install kvm libvirt bridge-utils acpid
#启动依赖服务及加载模块
#sed -i '/modprobe kvm/d' /etc/rc.d/rc.local
#echo "modprobe kvm" >>/etc/rc.d/rc.local
#/etc/init.d/libvirtd start
#/etc/init.d/acpid start
#检查是否加载虚拟模块
#lsmod |grep kvm
kvm_intel 554960
kvm 3377721 kvm_intel
#网桥管理命令查看
#配置网桥
# brctl show
bridge namebridge idSTP enabledinterfaces
virbr08000.525400671d5eyesvirbr0-nic
# virsh iface-bridge eth0 br0
Created bridge br0 with attached device eth0
Bridge interface br0 started
# brctl show
bridge namebridge idSTP enabledinterfaces
br08000.000c298a5fb4yeseth0
virbr08000.525400671d5eyesvirbr0-nic
# ifconfig
br0 Link encap:EthernetHWaddr 00:0C:29:8A:5F:B4
inet addr:192.168.166.143Bcast:192.168.166.255Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe8a:5fb4/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICASTMTU:1500Metric:1
RX packets:32 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:31 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:2698 (2.6 KiB)TX bytes:3518 (3.4 KiB)
eth0 Link encap:EthernetHWaddr 00:0C:29:8A:5F:B4
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICASTMTU:1500Metric:1
RX packets:21519 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:10302 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:29679394 (28.3 MiB)TX bytes:1309503 (1.2 MiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNINGMTU:65536Metric:1
RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:212 (212.0 b)TX bytes:212 (212.0 b)
virbr0 Link encap:EthernetHWaddr 52:54:00:67:1D:5E
inet addr:192.168.122.1Bcast:192.168.122.255Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICASTMTU:1500Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
#创建软链接，并创建虚拟机存放目录
# ln -sv/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm/usr/bin/qemu-kvm
`/usr/bin/qemu-kvm' -> `/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm'
# mkdir -p /data/kvm/
# cd /data/kvm
# mkdir test;cd test
#创建虚拟机磁盘文件
# qemu-img create -o preallocation=metadata -f qcow2 linux.qcow2 50G
#创建xml模板文件
# cat test.xml
<domain type="kvm">
<name>ebc32bcb-f29a-4450-bb48-b947669a06a8</name>
<uuid>ebc32bcb-f29a-4450-bb48-b947669a06a8</uuid>
<memory>1048576</memory>
<vcpu>1</vcpu>
<os>
<type arch="x86_64" machine="pc">hvm</type>
<boot dev="hd"></boot>
</os>
<features>
<acpi></acpi>
<apic></apic>
<pae></pae>
</features>
<clock offset="localtime"></clock>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
<disk type="file" device="disk">
<driver name="qemu" type="qcow2"></driver>
<source file="/data/kvm/test/linux.qcow2"></source>
<target dev="hda" bus="ide"></target>
</disk>
<interface type="bridge">
<source bridge="br0"></source>
</interface>
<input type ="tablet" bus="usb"></input>
<input type="mouse" bus="ps2"></input>
<graphics type="vnc" port="-1" listen="0.0.0.0" keymap="en-us"></graphics>
<serial type="pty">
<target port="0"></target>
</serial>
<console type="pty">
<target type="serial" port="0"></target>
</console>
</devices>
</domain>
#创建虚拟机,不建议使用virsh create,停机后,virsh list --all查看不到虚拟机信息,推荐使用virsh define+virsh start命令
# virsh create test.xml
或者
# virsh define test.xml
# virsh start test.xml
#常用命令
#关闭虚拟机
virsh shutdown demo
#取消定义虚拟机
virsh undefine demo
#重启虚拟机
virsh reboot demo
#强制关闭虚拟机
virsh destroy demo
#列出所有虚拟机
virsh list --all
#在属主机进入虚拟机console
virsh console demo
退出虚拟机回到HOST按组合键:
Ctrl+]
#虚拟机模板必配的设置
#删除模板的网卡信息,使其可以制作模板
sed -i '/HWADDR/d;/UUID/d'/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
rm -f /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
#虚拟机修改,解决主机virsh console连接不上问题
echo "ttyS0" >> /etc/securetty
sed -i 's/quiet console=ttyS0/quiet/g;s/quiet/quiet console=ttyS0/g' /etc/grub.conf
sed -i '/respawn/d' /etc/inittab
echo "S0:12345:respawn:/sbin/agetty ttyS0 115200" >>/etc/inittab
#常见问题
问题1
#Escape character is ^]
#error: internal error cannot find character device (null)
解决方法:
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Virtualization_Host_Configuration_and_Guest_Installation_Guide/App_Domain_Console.html
问题2
# virsh iface-bridge eth0 br0
Created bridge br0 with attached device eth0
error: Failed to start bridge interface br0
error: internal error failed to create (start) interface br0: failed to execute external program - Running 'ifup eth0' failed with exit code 4: Error: Connection activation failed: Master connection not found or invalid
Active connection state: activating
Active connection path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1
解决方法:
service NetworkManager stop
ckconfig NetworkManager off
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