MongoDB Java 连接配置
【前言】由于处于线程安全等考虑，MongoDBJava从3.0开始已经打算废弃DB开头的类的使用，所以整体调用上有了较大的区别，特以此文志之
【正文】
环境配置
在Java程序中如果要使用MongoDB，你需要确保已经安装了Java环境及MongoDB JDBC 驱动。
· 首先你必须下载mongo jar包，
Git下载地址：https://github.com/mongodb/mongo-java-driver/downloads,
国内快速下载地址：http://central.maven.org/maven2/org/mongodb/mongo-java-driver/
网盘下载地址：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1i3Mv0dn (这里测试使用3.2.2版)。
· 你需要将mongo.jar包含在你的>连接数据库
连接数据库，你需要指定数据库名称，如果指定的数据库不存在，mongo会自动创建数据库。
连接数据库的Java代码如下：
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[*]import java.util.ArrayList;
[*]import java.util.List;
[*]import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
[*]import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
[*]import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
[*]import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
[*]
[*]public class MongoDBJDBC {
[*] public static void main(String[] args){
[*] try {
[*] //连接到MongoDB服务 如果是远程连接可以替换“localhost”为服务器所在IP地址
[*] //ServerAddress()两个参数分别为 服务器地址 和 端口
[*] ServerAddress serverAddress = new ServerAddress("localhost",27017);
[*] List<ServerAddress> addrs = new ArrayList<ServerAddress>();
[*] addrs.add(serverAddress);
[*]
[*] //MongoCredential.createScramSha1Credential()三个参数分别为 用户名 数据库名称 密码
[*] MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createScramSha1Credential("username", "databaseName", "password".toCharArray());
[*] List<MongoCredential> credentials = new ArrayList<MongoCredential>();
[*] credentials.add(credential);
[*]
[*] //通过连接认证获取MongoDB连接
[*] MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(addrs,credentials);
[*]
[*] //连接到数据库
[*] MongoDatabase mongoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase("databaseName");
[*] System.out.println("Connect to database successfully");
[*] } catch (Exception e) {
[*] System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
[*] }
[*] }
[*]}
创建集合
我们可以使用com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase类中的createCollection()来创建集合
代码片段如下：
view plain copy https://code.csdn.net/assets/CODE_ico.pnghttps://code.csdn.net/assets/ico_fork.svg
[*]import java.util.ArrayList;
[*]import java.util.List;
[*]import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
[*]import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
[*]import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
[*]import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
[*]
[*]public class MongoDBJDBC {
[*] public static void main(String[] args){
[*] try {
[*] //连接到MongoDB服务 如果是远程连接可以替换“localhost”为服务器所在IP地址
[*] //ServerAddress()两个参数分别为 服务器地址 和 端口
[*] ServerAddress serverAddress = new ServerAddress("localhost",27017);
[*] List<ServerAddress> addrs = new ArrayList<ServerAddress>();
[*] addrs.add(serverAddress);
[*]
[*] //MongoCredential.createScramSha1Credential()三个参数分别为 用户名 数据库名称 密码
[*] MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createScramSha1Credential("username", "databaseName", "password".toCharArray());
[*] List<MongoCredential> credentials = new ArrayList<MongoCredential>();
[*] credentials.add(credential);
[*]
[*] //通过连接认证获取MongoDB连接
[*] MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(addrs,credentials);
[*]
[*] //连接到数据库
[*] MongoDatabase mongoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase("databaseName");
[*] System.out.println("Connect to database successfully");
[*]
[*] //创建集合 参数为 “集合名称”
[*] mongoDatabase.createCollection("collectionName");
[*] System.out.println("Collection created successfully");
[*] } catch (Exception e) {
[*] System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
[*] }
[*] }
[*]}
获取集合
我们可以使用com.mongodb.DBCollection类的 getCollection()方法来获取一个集合
代码片段如下：
view plain copy https://code.csdn.net/assets/CODE_ico.pnghttps://code.csdn.net/assets/ico_fork.svg
[*]import org.bson.Document;
[*]import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
[*]import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
[*]import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
[*]import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
[*]import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
[*]
[*]public class MongoDBJDBC {
[*] public static void main(String[] args){
[*] try {
[*] //连接到MongoDB服务 如果是远程连接可以替换“localhost”为服务器所在IP地址
[*] //ServerAddress()两个参数分别为 服务器地址 和 端口
[*] ServerAddress serverAddress = new ServerAddress("localhost",27017);
[*] List<ServerAddress> addrs = new ArrayList<ServerAddress>();
[*] addrs.add(serverAddress);
[*]
[*] //MongoCredential.createScramSha1Credential()三个参数分别为 用户名 数据库名称 密码
[*] MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createScramSha1Credential("username", "databaseName", "password".toCharArray());
[*] List<MongoCredential> credentials = new ArrayList<MongoCredential>();
[*] credentials.add(credential);
[*]
[*] //通过连接认证获取MongoDB连接
[*] MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(addrs,credentials);
[*]
[*] //连接到数据库
[*] MongoDatabase mongoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase("databaseName");
[*] System.out.println("Connect to database successfully");
[*]
[*] //获取集合 参数为“集合名称”
[*] MongoCollection<Document> mongoCollection = mongoDatabase.getCollection("collectionName");
[*] System.out.println("Collection mycol selected successfully");
[*] } catch (Exception e) {
[*] System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
[*] }
[*] }
[*]}
插入文档
我们可以使用com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection类的insert()方法来插入一个文档
代码片段如下：
view plain copy https://code.csdn.net/assets/CODE_ico.pnghttps://code.csdn.net/assets/ico_fork.svg
[*]import java.util.ArrayList;
[*]import java.util.List;
[*]import org.bson.Document;
[*]import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
[*]import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
[*]import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
[*]import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
[*]import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
[*]
[*]public class MongoDBJDBC {
[*] public static void main(String[] args){
[*] try {
[*] //连接到MongoDB服务 如果是远程连接可以替换“localhost”为服务器所在IP地址
[*] //ServerAddress()两个参数分别为 服务器地址 和 端口
[*] ServerAddress serverAddress = new ServerAddress("localhost",27017);
[*] List<ServerAddress> addrs = new ArrayList<ServerAddress>();
[*] addrs.add(serverAddress);
[*]
[*] //MongoCredential.createScramSha1Credential()三个参数分别为 用户名 数据库名称 密码
[*] MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createScramSha1Credential("username", "databaseName", "password".toCharArray());
[*] List<MongoCredential> credentials = new ArrayList<MongoCredential>();
[*] credentials.add(credential);
[*]
[*] //通过连接认证获取MongoDB连接
[*] MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(addrs,credentials);
[*]
[*] //连接到数据库
[*] MongoDatabase mongoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase("databaseName");
[*] System.out.println("Connect to database successfully");
[*]
[*] //获取集合 参数为“集合名称”
[*] MongoCollection<Document> mongoCollection = mongoDatabase.getCollection("collectionName");
[*] System.out.println("Collection mycol selected successfully");
[*]
[*] //插入文档
[*] /**
[*] * 1. 创建文档 org.bson.Document 参数为key-value的格式
[*] * 2. 创建文档集合List<Document>
[*] * 3. 将文档集合插入数据库集合中 mongoCollection.insertMany(List<Document>) 插入单个文档可以用 mongoCollection.insertOne(Document)
[*] * */
[*] Document document = new Document("title", "MongoDB").
[*] append("description", "database").
[*] append("likes", 100).
[*] append("by", "Fly");
[*] List<Document> documents = new ArrayList<Document>();
[*] documents.add(document);
[*] mongoCollection.insertMany(documents);
[*] System.out.println("Document inserted successfully");
[*]
[*] } catch (Exception e) {
[*] System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
[*] }
[*] }
[*]}
检索所有文档
我们可以使用com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection类中的find()方法来获取集合中的所有文档。
此方法返回一个游标，所以你需要遍历这个游标。
代码片段如下：
view plain copy https://code.csdn.net/assets/CODE_ico.pnghttps://code.csdn.net/assets/ico_fork.svg
[*]import java.util.ArrayList;
[*]import java.util.List;
[*]import org.bson.Document;
[*]import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
[*]import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
[*]import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
[*]import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
[*]import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
[*]import com.mongodb.client.MongoCursor;
[*]import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
[*]
[*]public class MongoDBJDBC {
[*] public static void main(String[] args){
[*] try {
[*] //连接到MongoDB服务 如果是远程连接可以替换“localhost”为服务器所在IP地址
[*] //ServerAddress()两个参数分别为 服务器地址 和 端口
[*] ServerAddress serverAddress = new ServerAddress("localhost",27017);
[*] List<ServerAddress> addrs = new ArrayList<ServerAddress>();
[*] addrs.add(serverAddress);
[*]
[*] //MongoCredential.createScramSha1Credential()三个参数分别为 用户名 数据库名称 密码
[*] MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createScramSha1Credential("username", "databaseName", "password".toCharArray());
[*] List<MongoCredential> credentials = new ArrayList<MongoCredential>();
[*] credentials.add(credential);
[*]
[*] //通过连接认证获取MongoDB连接
[*] MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(addrs,credentials);
[*]
[*] //连接到数据库
[*] MongoDatabase mongoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase("databaseName");
[*] System.out.println("Connect to database successfully");
[*]
[*] //获取集合 参数为“集合名称”
[*] MongoCollection<Document> mongoCollection = mongoDatabase.getCollection("collectionName");
[*] System.out.println("Collection mycol selected successfully");
[*]
[*] //检索所有文档
[*] /**
[*] * 1. 获取迭代器FindIterable<Document>
[*] * 2. 获取游标MongoCursor<Document>
[*] * 3. 通过游标遍历检索出的文档集合
[*] * */
[*] FindIterable<Document> findIterable = mongoCollection.find();
[*] MongoCursor<Document> mongoCursor = findIterable.iterator();
[*] while(mongoCursor.hasNext()){
[*] System.out.println(mongoCursor.next());
[*] }
[*]
[*] } catch (Exception e) {
[*] System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
[*] }
[*] }
[*]}
更新文档
你可以使用com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection类中的 updateOne()或updateMany()方法来更新集合中的文档。
代码片段如下：
view plain copy https://code.csdn.net/assets/CODE_ico.pnghttps://code.csdn.net/assets/ico_fork.svg
[*]import java.util.ArrayList;
[*]import java.util.List;
[*]import org.bson.Document;
[*]import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
[*]import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
[*]import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
[*]import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
[*]import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
[*]import com.mongodb.client.MongoCursor;
[*]import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
[*]import com.mongodb.client.model.Filters;
[*]
[*]public class MongoDBJDBC {
[*] public static void main(String[] args){
[*] try {
[*] //连接到MongoDB服务 如果是远程连接可以替换“localhost”为服务器所在IP地址
[*] //ServerAddress()两个参数分别为 服务器地址 和 端口
[*] ServerAddress serverAddress = new ServerAddress("localhost",27017);
[*] List<ServerAddress> addrs = new ArrayList<ServerAddress>();
[*] addrs.add(serverAddress);
[*]
[*] //MongoCredential.createScramSha1Credential()三个参数分别为 用户名 数据库名称 密码
[*] MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createScramSha1Credential("userName", "databaseName", "password".toCharArray());
[*] List<MongoCredential> credentials = new ArrayList<MongoCredential>();
[*] credentials.add(credential);
[*]
[*] //通过连接认证获取MongoDB连接
[*] MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(addrs,credentials);
[*]
[*] //连接到数据库
[*] MongoDatabase mongoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase("databaseName");
[*] System.out.println("Connect to database successfully");
[*]
[*] //获取集合 参数为“集合名称”
[*] MongoCollection<Document> mongoCollection = mongoDatabase.getCollection("collectionName");
[*] System.out.println("Collection mycol selected successfully");
[*]
[*] //更新文档 将文档中likes=100的文档修改为likes=200
[*] mongoCollection.updateMany(Filters.eq("likes", 100), new Document("$set",new Document("likes",200)));
[*] //检索查看结果
[*] FindIterable<Document> findIterable = mongoCollection.find();
[*] MongoCursor<Document> mongoCursor = findIterable.iterator();
[*] while(mongoCursor.hasNext()){
[*] System.out.println(mongoCursor.next());
[*] }
[*]
[*] } catch (Exception e) {
[*] System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
[*] }
[*] }
[*]}
删除文档
要删除集合中符合条件的文档，需要使用com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection类中的deleteOne ()或deleteMany()方法。分别表示删除第一个符合条件的文档和删除所有符合条件的文档。
代码片段如下：
view plain copy https://code.csdn.net/assets/CODE_ico.pnghttps://code.csdn.net/assets/ico_fork.svg
[*]import java.util.ArrayList;
[*]import java.util.List;
[*]import org.bson.Document;
[*]import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
[*]import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
[*]import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
[*]import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
[*]import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
[*]import com.mongodb.client.MongoCursor;
[*]import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
[*]import com.mongodb.client.model.Filters;
[*]
[*]public class MongoDBJDBC {
[*] public static void main(String[] args){
[*] try {
[*] //连接到MongoDB服务 如果是远程连接可以替换“localhost”为服务器所在IP地址
[*] //ServerAddress()两个参数分别为 服务器地址 和 端口
[*] ServerAddress serverAddress = new ServerAddress("localhost",27017);
[*] List<ServerAddress> addrs = new ArrayList<ServerAddress>();
[*] addrs.add(serverAddress);
[*]
[*] //MongoCredential.createScramSha1Credential()三个参数分别为 用户名 数据库名称 密码
[*] MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createScramSha1Credential("userName", "databaseName", "password".toCharArray());
[*] List<MongoCredential> credentials = new ArrayList<MongoCredential>();
[*] credentials.add(credential);
[*]
[*] //通过连接认证获取MongoDB连接
[*] MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(addrs,credentials);
[*]
[*] //连接到数据库
[*] MongoDatabase mongoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase("<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">databaseName</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">");</span>
[*] System.out.println("Connect to database successfully");
[*]
[*] //获取集合 参数为“集合名称”
[*] MongoCollection<Document> mongoCollection = mongoDatabase.getCollection("collectionName");
[*] System.out.println("Collection mycol selected successfully");
[*]
[*] //删除符合条件的第一个文档
[*] mongoCollection.deleteOne(Filters.eq("likes", 200));
[*] //删除所有符合条件的文档
[*] mongoCollection.deleteMany (Filters.eq("likes", 200));
[*] //检索查看结果
[*] FindIterable<Document> findIterable = mongoCollection.find();
[*] MongoCursor<Document> mongoCursor = findIterable.iterator();
[*] while(mongoCursor.hasNext()){
[*] System.out.println(mongoCursor.next());
[*] }
[*]
[*] } catch (Exception e) {
[*] System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
[*] }
[*] }
[*]}
要注意，上面的数据库连接我都没有手动调用关闭，为了防止意外发生建议加上如下代码：
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[*]finally{
[*] mongoClient.close();
[*]}
你还可以使用aggregate(),createIndex(),count()等方法来操作MongoDB数据库、集合。
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