banbanbai 发表于 2017-12-16 20:08:16

大大的橙子

  数据仓库工具。构建在hadoop上的数据仓库框架,可以把hadoop下的原始结构化数据变成Hive中的表。(主要解决ad-hoc query,即时查询的问题)
  支持一种与SQL几乎完全相同的语言HQL。除了不支持更新,索引和事务,几乎SQL其他的特性都支持。
  可以看成是SQL到Map-reduce的映射器
  提供shell,JDBC/ODBC,Thrift,Web等接口

  HIVE组件与体系结构
  用户接口:shell,thrift,web
  Thrift 服务器
  元数据库 (Derby是hive内嵌db 用于本地模式,一般都用mysql,所谓metadata,因为Hive本身不存储数据,完全依赖于HDFS和MapReduce,Hive可以将结构化的数据文件映射为一张数据库表,Hive中表纯逻辑,这些有关逻辑的表的定义数据就是元数据)
  HIVE QL(compiler,optimizer,executor)
  Hadoop



  HIVE数据放在哪里?
  在hdfs下的warehouse下面,一个表对应一个子目录
  桶与reducer
  本地的/tmp目录存放日志和执行计划
  HIVE安装:
  内嵌模式:元数据保持在内嵌的Derby,只允许一个会话连接(hive服务和metastore服务运行在同一个进程中,derby服务也运行在该进程中)
  本地独立模式:hive服务和metastore服务运行在同一个进程中,mysql是单独的进程,可以在同一台机器上,也可以在远程机器上。
  该模式只需将hive-site.xml中的ConnectionURL指向mysql,并配置好驱动名、数据库连接账号即可
  远程模式:hive服务和metastore在不同的进程内,可能是不同的机器。
  该模式需要将hive.metastore.local设置为false,并将hive.metastore.uris设置为metastore服务器URI,如有多个metastore服务器,URI之间用逗号分隔。metastore服务器URI的格式为thrift://host port
  <property>
  <name>hive.metastore.uris</name>
  <value>thrift://127.0.0.1:9083</value>
  </property>
  Hive2.1.1:
  (1)内嵌模式
  

cp apache-hive-2.1.1-bin.tar.gz /home/hdp/  
cd
/home/hdp/  
tar -zxvf apache-hive-2.1.1-bin.tar.gz
  

  root修改/etc/profile
  

export HIVE_HOME=/home/hdp/hive211  
export PATH
=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin
  
export>=$CLASSPATH:$HIVE_HOME/lib:$HIVE_HOME/conf  export HIVE_AUX_JARS_PATH=/home/hdp/hive211/lib
  

  切换hdp修改/home/hdp/hive211/conf 下的
  hive-env.sh
  

cp hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh  
vi hive-env.sh
  

  
HADOOP_HOME=/home/hdp/hadoop
  export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/home/hdp/hive211/conf
  

  hive-site.xml
  

cp hive-default.xml.template hive-site.xml  

vi hive-site.xml   

  

#该参数指定了 Hive 的数据存储目录,默认位置在 HDFS 上面的 /user/hive/warehouse 路#径下  

  

<property>  
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
  
<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
  
<description>location of default database for the warehouse</description>
  
</property>
  

  
#该参数指定了 Hive 的数据临时文件目录,默认位置为 HDFS 上面的 /tmp/hive 路径下
  

  
<property>
  
<name>hive.exec.scratchdir</name>
  
<value>/tmp/hive</value>
  
<description>HDFS root scratch dir for Hive jobs which gets created with write all (733) permission. For each connecting user, an HDFS scratch dir: ${hive.exec.scratchdir}/&lt;username&gt; is created, with ${hive.scratch.dir.permission}.</description>
  
</property>
  

  

  
<property>
  
<name>hive.querylog.location</name>
  
<value>/home/hdp/hive211/iotmp</value>
  
<description>Location of Hive run time structured log file</description>
  
</property>
  

  
<property>
  
<name>hive.exec.local.scratchdir</name>
  
<value>/home/hdp/hive211/iotmp</value>
  
<description>Local scratch space for Hive jobs</description>
  
</property>
  

  
<property>
  
<name>hive.downloaded.resources.dir</name>
  
<value>/home/hdp/hive211/iotmp</value>
  
<description>Temporary local directory for added resources in the remote file system.</description>
  
</property>
  

  

  
<property>
  
<name>hive.server2.logging.operation.log.location</name>
  
<value>/home/hdp/hive211/iotmp/operation_logs</value>
  
<description>Top level directory where operation logs are stored if logging functionality is enabled</description>
  
</property>
  

  

  
<property>
  
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
  
<value>jdbc:derby:;databaseName=metastore_db;create=true</value>
  
<description>
  
JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore.
  
To use SSL to encrypt/authenticate the connection, provide database-specific SSL flag in the connection URL.
  
For example, jdbc:postgresql://myhost/db?ssl=true for postgres database.
  
</description>
  
</property>
  

  

  
<property>
  
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
  
<value>org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver</value>
  
<description>Driver>  
</property>
  

  
<property>
  
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
  
<value>APP</value>
  
<description>Username to use against metastore database</description>
  
</property>
  

  
<property>
  
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
  
<value>mine</value>
  
<description>password to use against metastore database</description>
  
</property>
  

  
<property>
  
<name>hive.exec.reducers.bytes.per.reducer</name>
  
<value>256000000</value>
  
<description>size per reducer.The default is 256Mb, i.e if the input>  
</property>
  

  
<property>
  
<name>hive.exec.reducers.max</name>
  
<value>1009</value>
  
<description>
  
max number of reducers will be used. If the one specified in the configuration parameter mapred.reduce.tasks is
  
negative, Hive will use this one as the max number of reducers when automatically determine number of reducers.
  
</description>
  
</property>
  

  根据上面的参数创造必要的文件夹
  

$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p /user/hive/warehouse  
$ hadoop fs
-mkdir -p /tmp/hive  
$ hadoop fs
-chmod 777 /tmp/hive  
$ hadoop fs
-chmod 777 /user/hive/warehouse  
$ hadoop fs
ls /  
$
pwd  
/home/hdp/hive211
  
$ mkdir iotmp
  
$ chmod 777 iotmp
  

  把hive-site.xml 中所有包含 ${system:java.io.tmpdir}替换成/home/hdp/hive211/iotmp
  用vi打开编辑全局替换命令 先按Esc键再同时按shift加: 把以下替换命令粘贴按回车即可全局替换
  

%s#${system:java.io.tmpdir}#/home/hdp/hive211/iotmp#g  

  运行hive
  

./bin/hive  

  hive <parameters> --service serviceName <serviceparameters>启动特定的服务
  

$ hive --servicehelp  
Usage .
/hive<parameters> --service serviceName <service parameters>  
Service List: beelinecli help hiveserver2 hiveserver hwi jar lineage metastore metatool orcfiledumprcfilecat schemaTool version
  
Parametersparsed:
  

--auxpath : Auxillary jars  

--config : Hive configuration directory  

--service : Starts specificservice/component. cli is default  
Parameters used:
  
HADOOP_HOME or HADOOP_PREFIX : Hadoop installdirectory
  
HIVE_OPT : Hive options
  
For help on aparticular service:
  
.
/hive --service serviceName --help  
Debug help:.
/hive --debug --help  




报错


  解决办法:./bin/schematool -initSchema -dbType derby

报错


  解决方法:删除
  /home/hdp/hive211/metastore_db
  目录下 rm -rf metastore_db/ 在初始化:./bin/schematool -initSchema -dbType derby
  重新运行
  ./bin/hive
  

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/home/hdp/hive211/lib/hive-common-2.1.1.jar!/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true  
Hive
-on-MR is deprecated in Hive 2 and may not be available in the future versions. Consider using a different execution engine (i.e. tez, spark) or using Hive 1.X>
hive
>   

  HIVE远程模式
  在hdp265dnsnfs上安装mysql
  编译hive-site.html
  

<configuration>  
<property>
  
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
  
<value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.56.108:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
  
</property>
  
<property>
  
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
  
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
  
</property>
  
<property>
  
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
  
<value>root</value>
  
</property>
  
<property>
  
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
  
<value>111111</value>
  
</property>
  
<property>   
  
<name>hive.metastore.schema.verification</name>   
  
<value>false</value>   
  
<description>   
  
Enforce metastore schema version consistency.   
  
True: Verify that version information stored in metastore matches with one from Hive jars.Also disable automatic   
  
schema migration attempt. Users are required to manully migrate schema after Hive upgrade which ensures   
  
proper metastore schema migration. (Default)   
  
False: Warn if the version information stored in metastore doesn't match with one from in Hive jars.   
  
</description>   
  
</property>   
  
</configuration>
  

  报错:Caused by: MetaException(message:Version information not found in metastore. )
  解决:hive-site.xml加入
  

<name>hive.metastore.schema.verification</name>  
<value>false</value>
  

  报错:缺少mysql jar包
  解决:将其(如mysql-connector-java-5.1.42-bin.jar)拷贝到$HIVE_HOME/lib下即可
  报错:
  

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: Hive metastore database is not initialized.  
Please use schematool (e.g. ./schematool -initSchema -dbType ...) to create the schema. If needed,   
  
don't forget to include the option to auto-create the underlying database in your JDBC connection string (e.g. ?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true for mysql)
  

  解决:
  

#数据库的初始化。  
bin
/schematool -initSchema -dbType mysql  

  启动:
  

bin/hive  

  启动后mysql 多了hive 数据库

  测试

创建数据库

create database db_hive_test;

  创建测试表
  use db_hive_test;
  create table student(id int,name string) row format delimited fields terminated by '\t';



加载数据到表中
  新建student.txt 文件写入数据(id,name 按tab键分隔)
  
vi student.txt

view plain copy
https://code.csdn.net/assets/CODE_ico.pnghttps://code.csdn.net/assets/ico_fork.svg

[*]1001    zhangsan
[*]1002    lisi
[*]1003    wangwu
[*]1004    zhaoli
  
load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/student.txt' into tabledb_hive_test.student


查询表信息
  
select * from student;
  查看表的详细信息
  desc formatted student;
  通过Mysql查看创建的表

  查看hive的函数
  show functions;
  查看函数详细信息
  desc function sum;
  desc function extended

  配置hiveserver2

Hive从2.0版本开始,为HiveServer2提供了一个简单的WEB UI界面  

<property>  
<name>hive.server2.webui.host</name>
  
<value>192.168.56.104</value>
  
</property>
  

  
<property>
  
<name>hive.server2.webui.port</name>
  
<value>10002</value>
  
</property>
  

  启动hiveserver2
  

hive --service hiveserver2  

  http://192.168.56.104:10002/
  配置hwi
  https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/HiveWebInterface#HiveWebInterface-WhatIstheHiveWebInterface
  http://www.cnblogs.com/xinlingyoulan/p/6025692.html
  http://apache.fayea.com/hive/hive-2.1.1/
  下载源码apache-hive-2.1.1-src.tar.gz
  

tar -xzf apache-hive-2.1.1-src.tar.gz  
$
pwd  
/home/hdp/apache-hive-2.1.1-src/hwi/web
  
$ jar -cvf hive-hwi-2.1.1.war *
  
$ cp hive-hwi-2.1.1.war $HIVE_HOME/lib
  

  下载安装ant
  http://ant.apache.org/bindownload.cgi
  如果你的jdf是7则不要安装最新的ant
  

tar -zxvf apache-ant-1.9.7-bin.tar.gz  

mv apache-ant-1.9.7 ant110  

  su root修改/etc/profile
  

export ANT_HOME=/home/hdp/ant197  
export PATH
=$PATH:$ANT_HOME/bin  

  验证ant是否安装成功
  

$ ant -version  
Apache Ant(TM) version
1.9.7 compiled on April 9 2016  

  启动hwi
  

hive --service hwi  

  如果有下面的错误
  

The following error occurred while executing this line:  
jar:file:/home/linux/application/hive2.1.0/lib/ant-1.9.1.jar!/org/apache/tools/ant/antlib.xml:37: Could not create task or type of type: componentdef.
  

  根据错误信息,HIVEHOME/lib下的ant.jar版本为1.9.1,但是我装的ant版本为1.9.7,因此该错误是因为版本不一致导致的。因此,需要把HIVEHOME/lib下的ant.jar版本为1.9.1,但是我装的ant版本为1.9.7,因此该错误是因为版本不一致导致的。因此,需要把{ANT_HOME}/lib下的ant.jar包copy到${HIVE_HOME}/lib下,并修改权限为777。使用的命令如下:
  

cp ${ANT_HOME}/lib/ant.jar${HIVE_HOME}/lib/ant-1.9.7.jar  
cd ${HIVE_HOME}
/lib  

chmod 777 ant-1.9.7.jar  

  如果前面问题都解决了可以每次多刷新几遍
  http://192.168.56.104:9999/hwi/
  启动metastore服务
  

hive --service metastore  

  Hive 快速入门
  https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/GettingStarted
  Hive语言手册
  https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual
  Hive指南
  https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Tutorial
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