fdhfgh 发表于 2017-12-22 14:51:41

Nginx的https配置记录以及http强制跳转到https的方法梳理

  一、Nginx安装(略)
  安装的时候需要注意加上 --with-http_ssl_module,因为http_ssl_module不属于Nginx的基本模块。
  Nginx安装方法:
  

# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module  
# make && make install
  

  二、生成证书(略)
  可以使用openssl生成证书:
  可参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5865501.html
  比如生成如下两个证书文件(假设存放路径为/usr/local/nginx/cert/):
  wangshibo.crt
  wangshibo.key
  三、修改Nginx配置
  server {
  listen       443;
  server_namewww.wangshibo.com;
  root /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/httpdocs/main/;      
  ssl on;
  ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.crt;
  ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.key;
  ssl_session_timeout5m;
  ssl_protocolsSSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
  ssl_ciphersHIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;                                          //或者是ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;
  access_log/var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_ssl.logmain;
  error_log/var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_error_ssl.log;
  if ($remote_addr !~ ^(124.165.97.144|133.110.186.128|133.110.186.88)) {         //对访问的来源ip做白名单限制
  rewrite ^.*$/maintence.php last;
  }
  location ~ \.php$ {
  fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_indexindex.php;
  fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_FILENAME/scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
  #include      fastcgi_params;
  include      fastcgi.conf;
  }
  }
  ---------------------------------http访问强制跳转到https---------------------------------
  网站添加了https证书后,当http方式访问网站时就会报404错误,所以需要做http到https的强制跳转设置.
  ---------------一、采用nginx的rewrite方法---------------------
  

1) 下面是将所有的http请求通过rewrite重写到https上。  例如将所有的dev.wangshibo.com域名的http访问强制跳转到https。
  下面配置均可以实现:
  

  
配置1:
  
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name dev.wangshibo.com;
  index index.html index.php index.htm;
  access_log/usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
  error_log/usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
  rewrite ^(.*)$https://$host$1 permanent;      //这是ngixn早前的写法,现在还可以使用。
  location ~ / {
  root /var/www/html/8080;
  index index.html index.php index.htm;
  }
  }
  

  
-------------------------------------------------------
  
上面的跳转配置rewrite ^(.*)$https://$host$1 permanent;
  
也可以改为下面
  
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com/$1 permanent;
  
或者
  
rewrite ^ http://dev.wangshibo.com$request_uri? permanent;
  
-------------------------------------------------------
  

  
配置2:
  
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name dev.wangshibo.com;
  index index.html index.php index.htm;
  access_log/usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
  error_log/usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
  

  return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri;      //这是nginx最新支持的写法
  location ~ / {
  root /var/www/html/8080;
  index index.html index.php index.htm;
  }
  }
  

  

  
配置3:这种方式适用于多域名的时候,即访问wangshibo.com的http也会强制跳转到https://dev.wangshibo.com上面
  
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;
  index index.html index.php index.htm;
  access_log/usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
  error_log/usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
  if ($host ~* "^wangshibo.com$") {
  rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://dev.wangshibo.com/ permanent;
  }
  location ~ / {
  root /var/www/html/8080;
  index index.html index.php index.htm;
  }
  }
  

  

  
配置4:下面是最简单的一种配置
  
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name dev.wangshibo.com;
  index index.html index.php index.htm;
  access_log/usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
  error_log/usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
  if ($host = "dev.wangshibo.com") {
  rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com permanent;
  }
  

  location ~ / {
  root /var/www/html/8080;
  index index.html index.php index.htm;
  }
  }
  

  ---------------二、采用nginx的497状态码---------------------
  

497 - normal request was sent to HTTPS  
解释:当网站只允许https访问时,当用http访问时nginx会报出497错误码
  
思路:
  
利用error_page命令将497状态码的链接重定向到https://dev.wangshibo.com这个域名上
  

  
配置实例:
  
如下访问dev.wangshibo.com或者wangshibo.com的http都会被强制跳转到https
  
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;
  index index.html index.php index.htm;
  access_log/usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
  error_log/usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
  error_page 497https://$host$uri?$args;
  location ~ / {
  root /var/www/html/8080;
  index index.html index.php index.htm;
  }
  }
  

  

  
也可以将80和443的配置放在一起:
  
server {
  listen       127.0.0.1:443;#ssl端口
  listen       127.0.0.1:80;   #用户习惯用http访问,加上80,后面通过497状态码让它自动跳到443端口
  server_namedev.wangshibo.com;
  #为一个server{......}开启ssl支持
  ssl                  on;
  #指定PEM格式的证书文件   
  ssl_certificate      /etc/nginx/wangshibo.pem;   
  #指定PEM格式的私钥文件
  ssl_certificate_key/etc/nginx/wangshibo.key;
  #让http请求重定向到https请求   
  error_page 497https://$host$uri?$args;
  

  location ~ / {
  root /var/www/html/8080;
  index index.html index.php index.htm;
  }
  }
  

  ---------------三、利用meta的刷新作用将http跳转到https---------------------
  

上述的方法均会耗费服务器的资源,可以借鉴百度使用的方法:巧妙的利用meta的刷新作用,将http跳转到https  
可以基于http://dev.wangshibo.com的虚拟主机路径下写一个index.html,内容就是http向https的跳转
  

  
将下面的内容追加到index.html首页文件内
  
# cat /var/www/html/8080/index.html
  
<html>
  
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=https://dev.wangshibo.com/">
  
</html>
  

  
# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf
  
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;
  index index.html index.php index.htm;
  access_log/usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
  error_log/usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
  #将404的页面重定向到https的首页
  error_page404 https://dev.wangshibo.com/;   
  location ~ / {
  root /var/www/html/8080;         
  index index.html index.php index.htm;
  }
  }
  

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  下面是nginx反代tomcat,并且http强制跳转至https。
  访问http://zrx.wangshibo.com和访问http://172.29.34.33:8080/zrx/结果是一样的
  

# cat zrx.conf  
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;
  index index.html index.php index.htm;
  access_loglogs/access.log;
  error_log   logs/error.log;
  return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri;      
  location ~ / {
  root /data/nginx/html;
  index index.html index.php index.htm;
  }
  }
  

  

  
# cat ssl-zrx.conf
  
upstream tomcat8 {
  server 172.29.34.33:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
  
}
  

  
server {
  listen 443;
  server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;
  ssl on;
  

  ### SSL log files ###
  access_log logs/ssl-access.log;
  error_log logs/ssl-error.log;
  

  
### SSL cert files ###
  ssl_certificate ssl/wangshibo.cer;      
  ssl_certificate_key ssl/wangshibo.key;   
  ssl_session_timeout 5m;
  

  location / {
  proxy_pass http://tomcat8/zrx/;                                    
  proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503;
  proxy_set_header Host $host;
  proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
  proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
  proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
  proxy_redirect off;
  
}
  
}
  

  ---------------四、通过proxy_redirec方式---------------------
  

解决办法:  
# re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /home
  
proxy_redirect http:// https://;
  
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