用nginx搭建http/rtmp/hls协议的MP4/FLV流媒体服务器
前前后后搭建了两三个星期，终于可以告一段落，nginx实在是有点强大。写一篇笔记来记录一下这个过程中的思路和解决方案。一.搭建nginx平台：基本是基于http://blog.csdn.net/xiaoliouc/article/details/8363984 一步步安装nginx搭建流媒体服务器 这篇博客来搭建。我的ubuntu是14.04LTS。各种包的版本是：nginx-1.9.9nginx_mod_h264_streaming-2.2.7.tar.gzopenssl-0.9.8zh.tar.gzpcre-8.12.tar.gzzlib-1.2.7.tar.gz为了支持rtmp，还下载了一个模块nginx-rtmp-module-master，没有版本的区别。在安装过程中的注意事项：1.上述无非是./configure make make install.2.记住如果要修改nginx的./configure的话只用make无需install因为不是覆盖安装。3.要在sbin的目录下检查./nginx -V 才能看到nginx的配置。4.nginx在make的时候注意把objs里面的Makefile的权限改成a+w，并且将-Werror删掉，这样就不会把warning看成error来对待。修改makefile是在configure之后make之前。二.测试http、rtmp、hls的功能1.配置文件（仅支持http和rtmp）userwww www;##管理用户 worker_processes 30; ##后台进程
error_log/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log;
##nginx错误日志存放路径
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
events {
use epoll;
##轮训方式
worker_connections 65535;
##允许的最大连接数
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_typeapplication/octet-stream;
log_formatmain'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout0;
keepalive_timeout65;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1000;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_types text/plain;
server {
listen 80;
server_name192.168.16.69;
#root html;
root /usr/local/nginx/html/flv_file;
#charset koi8-r;
limit_rate_after 5m;
limit_rate512k;
indexindex.html;
charset utf-8;
# access_log/usr/local/nginx/logs/host.access.logmain;
# location / {
# root /usr/local/nginx/html/flv_file;
# indexindex.html;
# limit_rate_after 5m;
# limit_rate512k;
#error_page404 /404.html;
location ~ \.flv$ {
# root /var/www/flv;
flv;
}
location ~ \.mp4$ {
# root /var/www/mp4;
mp4;
}
}
}
rtmp {
server {
listen 1935;
chunk_size 4000;
# video on demand
application vod {
play /usr/local/nginx/html/flv_file;
}
# HLS
# HLS requires libavformat & should be configured as a separate
# NGINX module in addition to nginx-rtmp-module:
# ./configure … –add-module=/path/to/nginx-rtmp-module/hls …
# For HLS to work please create a directory in tmpfs (/tmp/app here)
# for the fragments. The directory contents is served via HTTP (see
# http{} section in config)
#
# Incoming stream must be in H264/AAC/MP3. For iPhones use baseline #H264
# profile (see ffmpeg example).
# This example creates RTMP stream from movie ready for HLS:
#
# ffmpeg -loglevel verbose -re -i movie.avi-vcodec libx264
# -vprofile baseline -acodec libmp3lame -ar 44100 -ac 1
# -f flv rtmp://localhost:1935/hls/movie
#
# If you need to transcode live stream use ‘exec’ feature.
#
application hls {
hls on;
hls_path /usr/local/nginx/html/flv_file;
hls_fragment 10s;
}
}
}
2.配置文件（可支持http，rtmp，hls）
#filename:nginx.conf #usernobody;
worker_processes1;
error_loglogs/error.log;
#error_loglogs/error.lognotice;
#error_loglogs/error.loginfo;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections1024;
}
rtmp {
server {
listen 1935;
chunk_size 4000;
# video on demand
application vod {
play /usr/local/nginx/html/flv_file;
}
# HLS
# HLS requires libavformat & should be configured as a separate
# NGINX module in addition to nginx-rtmp-module:
# ./configure … –add-module=/path/to/nginx-rtmp-module/hls …
# For HLS to work please create a directory in tmpfs (/tmp/app here)
# for the fragments. The directory contents is served via HTTP (see
# http{} section in config)
#
# Incoming stream must be in H264/AAC/MP3. For iPhones use baseline #H264
# profile (see ffmpeg example).
# This example creates RTMP stream from movie ready for HLS:
#
# ffmpeg -loglevel verbose -re -i movie.avi-vcodec libx264
# -vprofile baseline -acodec libmp3lame -ar 44100 -ac 1
# -f flv rtmp://localhost:1935/hls/movie
#
# If you need to transcode live stream use ‘exec’ feature.
#
application hls {
hls on;
hls_path /usr/local/nginx/html/flv_file;
hls_fragment 10s;
}
}
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
gzip on;
#log format
log_formataccess‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] “$request” ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ‘
‘”$http_user_agent” $http_x_forwarded_for’;
#定义一个名为addr的limit_zone,大小10M内存来存储session
limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=addr:10m;
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
# HTTP can be used for accessing RTMP stats
# This URL provides RTMP statistics in XML
location /stat {
rtmp_stat all;
rtmp_stat_stylesheet stat.xsl;
}
location /stat.xsl {
root /home/nairely/Documents/nginxserver/nginx-rtmp-module-master;
}
location /control {
rtmp_control all;
}
location / {
root /home/nairely/Documents/nginxserver/nginx-rtmp-module-master/test/rtmp-publisher;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /usr/local/nginx/html/flv_file;
index index.html;
}
location ~ \.flv$ {
root /usr/local/nginx/html/flv_file;
flv;
limit_conn addr 20;
limit_rate 200k;
}
location ~ \.mp4$ {
root /usr/local/nginx/html/flv_file;
mp4;
limit_conn addr 20;
limit_rate 200k;
}
location /hls {
# Serve HLS fragments
alias /usr/local/nginx/html/flv_file;
}
access_loglogs/nginxflv_access.log access;
}
}
3.如果视频不能播放很有可能是权限的问题，设置成644. root(read and write),group(read only)user(read only)4.nginx作为一个后台服务器，用户从html/flv_file的文件夹中取出视频用户点播。测试的播放器用的是vlc。http的地址是http://192.168.16.46/yequ.flvrtmp的地址是rtmp://192.168.16.46:1935/vod/yequ.flvhls的地址是http://192.168.16.46/hls/sample.m3u8(在segment命令将output的URL设置为http://192.168.16.46/hls)将sample.m3u8文件放在html/flv_file文件夹下，当然这取决与segment语句在哪个地址下进行。 5.如何启动nginx：cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin./nginx -t 检查配置文件的语法问题如果发现配置文件的路径不对./nginx -c 路径./nginx -s>killall -9 nginx 杀掉所有进程从头开始，如果遇到端口被占用的问题的话。./nginx 启动，注意在杀掉进程之后一定要重新启动。service nginx start三.配置hls+ffmpeg的环境在配置http和rtmp都比较简单。在搭建nginx平台的前提下就可以实现点播。配置hls出现的问题都比较简单。只是会花一段时间。 主要的配置还是根据这篇来的http://www.lc365.net/blog/b/31519/ 基于HTTP Live Streaming（HLS） 搭建在线点播系统这些包实在太多了，我简直属于无聊的阶段。1.faac的编译问题http://zhidao.baidu.com/link?url=ASyVwiBE-01ox_O0QascgPdqNNRlXpHCfI6cXyg71JIboOK5MTj3NLfHUPC31HH5b0FiE3tbWUetUfKL29HAzzXu4q0p75Iveu05HPp_ST32.在编译ffmpeg的时候发现x264notfound的解决方法在x264的./configure --enable-static --enable-shared --enable-visualize --system-libx264 --enable-gprof --enable-strip --enable-pic --enable-debug就是把所以的开关都打开。这简直是误打误撞。3.m3u8configure的时候总是会遇到error的问题，可以看到这些错误都是什么东西过时的啥的，直接换ffmpeg。换ffmpeg版本到最新。ffmpeg-2.8.4git clone https://github.com/johnf/m3u8-segmentercd m3u8-segmenter然后configure的时候gcc -Wall -g m3u8-segmenter.c -o segmenter -lavformat -lavcodec -lavutilcp segmenter /usr/bin/ 在html/flv_file路径下ffmpeg -i /var/flvs/baluobu.flv-f mpegts -acodec libmp3lame -ar 48000 -ab 128k -vcodec libx264 -b 96k -flags +loop -cmp +chroma -partitions +parti4x4+partp8x8+partb8x8 -subq 5 -trellis 1 -refs 1 -coder 0 -me_range 16 -keyint_min 25 -sc_threshold 40 -i_qfactor 0.71 -bt 200k -maxrate 96k -bufsize 96k -rc_eq 'blurCplx^(1-qComp)' -qcomp 0.6 -qmin 10 -qmax 51 -qdiff 4 -level 30 -aspect 320:240 -g 30 -async 2 /var/app/baluobu/baluobu.ts上述是把flv文件转换成ts文件下面用segmenter命令将ts转换成10秒一个ts切片，segmenter_test是ts小切片的前缀,-u制定URL地址。segmenter -i vp5.ts -d 10 -p segmenter_test -m vp5.m3u8 -u http://192.168.16.46/hls/在segmenter的时候有一个红色的ignore，之前一直认为是一个error，我去才发现是一个不用管的东西，然后在vlc上用http://192.168.16.46/hls/vp5.m3u8放，其实类似一个直播的功能，播完了就没有ts文件了。再来一次测试就得再来一遍ffmpeg和segmenter.总结到这儿。
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