ansible常用的一些模块
ansible简介绍1.ansible是什么？
lansible是一个基于Python开发的自动化运维工具 ！
l其功能实现基于SSH远程连接服务！
lansible可以实现批量系统配置、批量软件部署、批量文件拷贝、批量运行命令等功能
2.ansible软件特性
l不需要单独安装客户端（no agents），基于系统自带的sshd服务，sshd就相当于ansible的客户端。
l不需要服务端(no servers)。
l需要依靠大量的模块实现批量管理。?
l配置文件/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg,不用配置
3.ansible软件执行结果
l输出内容显示绿色：表示执行成功，当没有任何改变
l输出内容显示黄色：表示执行成功，蛋对被管理主机进行了改变
l输出内容显示红色：表示执行失败！！！
4.ansible的官方文档
http://docs.ansible.com/
ansible的部署：
1.因为ansible基于ssh所以需要密钥对可参考http://www.cnblogs.com/ExzaiTin/p/7687410.html
2.被管理端需要安装libselinux-python
yum install libselinux-python -y
3.管理端安装ansible软件配置ansible的hosts文件（管理机和被管理机可以基于ssh免密钥，也可以在ansible的hosts文件中写入被管理机的密码）配置格式如下（仅供参考，可以不写密码和用户，[]里表示自己定义的主机组，如果域名可以解析的话ip也可以写为域名）
https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1260168/201711/1260168-20171129074017440-1422100024.png
4.ansible命令格式
ansible <host-pattern> [-m module_name] [-a args]
<host-pattern> 自己定义的主机组
[-m module_name] 指定模块[-a args] 指定要执行的动作
ansible常用模块：
1.ping-测试模块
ansible test -m ping
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {"changed": false,"ping": "pong"
}
##以上为可以正常链接字体会显示为绿色
172.16.1.41 | UNREACHABLE! => {"changed": false,"msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: ssh: connect to host 172.16.1.41 port 22: Connection timed out\r\n","unreachable": true
}
##以上为无法链接字体会显示为红色
2.setup-远程查看主机的配置信息
ansible test -m setup
3.command-远程执行命令
https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1260168/201711/1260168-20171129080129456-1133028787.png
4.shell-远程节点执行模块
# ansible test -m shell -a "date"
172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Sat Oct 21 12:00:38 CST 2017
5.script-在远程执行本地的脚本
# ansible test -m script -a "/sh/test.sh"
172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"rc": 0,
"stderr": "Shared connection to 172.16.1.222 closed.\r\n",
"stdout": "hello word\r\n",
"stdout_lines": [
"hello word"
]
}
https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1260168/201711/1260168-20171129080325769-90602029.png
6.copy-复制模块
https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1260168/201711/1260168-20171129081555987-2090805256.png
##管理主机数据--远程主机
[iyunv@m01
~]# ansible test -m copy -a "src=/sh/test.sh dest=/server/scripts mode=0755"
172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "d4dfddcc1b1a2b92599a6b498b1dbc0b3dee9128",
"dest": "/server/scripts/test.sh",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "e87e71d1c410c5863aadc5b9a3fe209b",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"size": 30,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1508560437.19-268270019190063/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
##远程主机数据进行复制
# ansible test -m copy -a "remote_src=true src=/server/scripts/test.sh dest=/tmp/"
172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "d4dfddcc1b1a2b92599a6b498b1dbc0b3dee9128",
"dest": "/tmp/test.sh",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "e87e71d1c410c5863aadc5b9a3fe209b",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 30,
"src": "/server/scripts/test.sh",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
##复制到目标后修改名称
# ansible test -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/hello.txt"
172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "545f587595b5c60d66243fca48e052ed34eed782",
"dest": "/tmp/hello.txt",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "fe08440ffebed54cab7a9b4cb3c3beda",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 371,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1508560939.57-196389366869591/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
##复制时会创建目录，包括多级目录
# ansible test -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/a/b/c/"
172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "545f587595b5c60d66243fca48e052ed34eed782",
"dest": "/tmp/a/b/c/hosts",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "fe08440ffebed54cab7a9b4cb3c3beda",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 371,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1508561086.8-245628104704955/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
7.file-设置文件属性
https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1260168/201711/1260168-20171129081904315-812176487.png
创建目录（支持创建多级目录）
[iyunv@m01
~]# ansible test -m file -a "dest=/tmp/dir state=directory"
172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/tmp/dir",
"size": 4096,
"state": "directory",
"uid": 0
}
创建文件
# ansible test -m file -a "dest=/tmp/hello state=touch"
172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"dest": "/tmp/hello",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 0,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
创建软连接
# ansible test -m file -a "src=/tmp/test.sh dest=/root/test.link state=link "
172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"dest": "/root/test.link",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0777",
"owner": "root",
"size": 12,
"src": "/tmp/test.sh",
"state": "link",
"uid": 0
}
删除文件目录
# ansible test -m file -a "dest=/root/test.link state=absent"
172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"path": "/root/test.link",
"state": "absent"
}
8.fetch-远程获取
https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1260168/201711/1260168-20171129082510487-935995026.png
##从远程主机拉取文件
[iyunv@m01
~]# ansible test -m fetch -a "src=/tmp/test.sh dest=/tmp"
172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "d4dfddcc1b1a2b92599a6b498b1dbc0b3dee9128",
"dest": "/tmp/172.16.1.222/tmp/test.sh",
"md5sum": "e87e71d1c410c5863aadc5b9a3fe209b",
"remote_checksum": "d4dfddcc1b1a2b92599a6b498b1dbc0b3dee9128",
"remote_md5sum": null
}
# tree /tmp
/tmp
└── 172.16.1.222
└── tmp
└── test.sh
2 directories, 1 file
##拉取时仅拉取目标文件或目录
# ansible test -m fetch -a "src=/tmp/test.sh dest=/tmp/ flat=yes"
172.16.1.222 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "d4dfddcc1b1a2b92599a6b498b1dbc0b3dee9128",
"dest": "/tmp/test.sh",
"md5sum": "e87e71d1c410c5863aadc5b9a3fe209b",
"remote_checksum": "d4dfddcc1b1a2b92599a6b498b1dbc0b3dee9128",
"remote_md5sum": null
}
# tree /tmp
/tmp
└── test.sh
0 directories, 1 file
9.mount-挂载相关模块
https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1260168/201711/1260168-20171129150805050-607882164.png
10.cron-定时任务模块
https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1260168/201711/1260168-20171129150839925-432588766.png
11.yum-软件安装模块
https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1260168/201711/1260168-20171129150942597-1018300327.png
12.service-服务启动或管理模块
https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1260168/201711/1260168-20171129151014503-1901168241.png
13.filesystem-文件系统模块
https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1260168/201711/1260168-20171129151141003-628930913.png
14.user-用户管理
https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1260168/201711/1260168-20171129151415394-1731067264.png
15.synchronize-rsync相关
https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1260168/201711/1260168-20171129151449628-1621343358.png
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