lanying56123 发表于 2018-5-11 13:38:34

redhat linux 配置yum详解

  首先,rhel5系统安装的时候其实已经有yum了,只是因为如果用官方的网站更新的话除非你是用钱买的rhel5.否则它会提示注册之类的。所以只要把 yum的更新地址改成开源的就行了。而限定yum更新地址的文件在/etc/yum.repos.d/里。先把它们改成备份文件,即在后面加.bak。
# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo.bak
# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo.rpmnew /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo.rpmnew.bak
  建立新的配置文件:
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
# touch rhel-debuginfo.repo
# touch mirrors-rpmforge
# touch rpmforge.repo
  往新的配置文件写东西:
#vi rhel-debuginfo.repo

  name=CentOS-5 - Base
  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever5&arch=$basearch&
  repo=os
  #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
  baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/os/$basearch/
  gpgcheck=1
  gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
  #released updates

  name=CentOS-5 - Updates
  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
  baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/updates/$basearch/
  gpgcheck=1
  gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
  #packages used/produced in the build but not released

  name=CentOS-5 - Addons
  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=addons
  baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/addons/$basearch/
  gpgcheck=1
  gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
  #additional packages that may be useful

  name=CentOS-5 - Extras
  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
  baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/extras/$basearch/
  gpgcheck=1
  gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
  #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages

  name=CentOS-5 - Plus
  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
  baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/centosplus/$basearch/
  gpgcheck=1
  enabled=0
  gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
  #contrib - packages by Centos Users

  name=CentOS-5 - Contrib
  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
  baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/contrib/$basearch/
  gpgcheck=1
  enabled=0
  gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
  # vi dag.repo

  name=Dag RPM Repository for RHEL5
  baseurl=http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/dag/redhat/el5/en/$basearch/dag/
  enabled=1
  gpgcheck=1
  gpgkey=http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/dag/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
  修改第二个配置文件:
  root@killgoogle ~]vi mirrors-rpmforge
  http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
  http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/dag.wieers/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
  http://ftp2.lcpe.uni-sofia.bg/freshrpms/pub/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
  #http://ftp.heanet.ie/pub/freshrpms/pub/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
  http://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
  http://mirror.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/mirror/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
  http://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
  http://rh-mirror.linux.iastate.edu/pub/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
  http://rpmfind.net/linux/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
  http://wftp.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/linux/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
  http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
  修改第三个配置文件:
# vi rpmforge.repo
  # Name: RPMforge RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise 5 - dag
  # URL: http://rpmforge.net/

  name = Red Hat Enterprise $releasever - RPMforge.net - dag
  #baseurl = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/$basearch/dag
  mirrorlist = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/mirrors-rpmforge
  #mirrorlist = file:///etc/yum.repos.d/mirrors-rpmforge
  enabled = 1
  protect = 0
  gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-dag
  gpgcheck = 1
  2.如果风速慢的话可以通过增加yum的超时时间,这样就不会总是因为超时而退出。
vi /etc/yum.conf
  加上这么一句:timeout=120
  到这里配置差不多就完了。还有一个包需要安装:rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
  如果不安装的话有可能会出现以下错误:GPG key retrieval failed: OSError: 没有那个文件或目录: '/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-dag'
  到http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/找到这个包,然后
rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
  接下来就是输入KEY了。
rpm --import http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5 (要不一装软件就要kde ,郁闷!!)
  或者执行以下命令:
  64位:
  rpm --import http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
  32位:
  rpm --import http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/os/i386/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
  3.执行升级命令,看看速度如何:
  yum update
  这样基本上yum就可以用了。不过如果觉得不爽的话还可以优化:
  加速yum
yum install yum-fastestmirror yum-presto
  指定或去掉软件源的mirror:
  可以在baseurl中将比较慢的mirror去掉
  你的yum镜像的速度测试记录文件:
  /var/cache/yum/timedhosts.txt
  yum Existing lock 错误的解决办法
  如果系统启动的时候, yum 出现Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running as pid 3380. Aborting. 可以用下面的办法解决:
/etc/init.d/yum-updatesd stop
  也可以用以下方法:
rm -f /var/run/yum.pid
  主要原因就是yum在自动更新只要关掉它就可以了。
  完了。现在就可以测试能不能用了哦:
yum install mplayer
  这是安装mplayer如果要删除则是:
yum remove mplayer
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