网络安装RedHat Enterprises Linux5.4
网络安装RedHat Enterprises Linux5.4一、PXE介绍
PXE(preboot execute environment)是由Intel公司开发的最新技术,工作于Client/Server的网络模式，支持工作站通过网络从远端服务器下载映像，并由此支持来自网络的操作系统的启动过程，其启动过程中，终端要求服务器分配IP地址，再用TFTP（trivial file transfer protocol）或MTFTP(multicast trivial file transfer protocol)协议下载一个启动软件包到本机内存中并执行，由这个启动软件包完成终端基本软件设置，从而引导预先安装在服务器中的终端操作系统。
二、KickStart+DHCP+NFS+TFTP+PXE的工作原理
无光软驱服务器通过PXE网卡启动，从DHCP服务器获取IP，通过TFTP下载pxelinux.0文件找到pxelinux.cfg里的配置文件，按配置文件找着vmlinuz引导Linux进入安装界面，之后选择NFS方式安装系统
服务器端配置
第一步：关闭iptables和SElinux
# chkconfig iptables off
# service iptables stop
# vi /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - SELinux is fully disabled.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= type of policy in use. Possible values are:
# targeted - Only targeted network daemons are protected.
# strict - Full SELinux protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
第二步：挂载镜像，安装TFTP与DHCP服务，并进行配置。
# mount /dev/hdc /mnt
mount: block device /dev/hdc is write-protected, mounting read-only
# cd /mnt/Server/
# rpm -ivh tftp-server-0.42-3.1.i386.rpm
warning: tftp-server-0.42-3.1.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
Preparing... ###########################################
package tftp-server-0.42-3.1.i386 is already installed
# rpm -ivh dhcp-3.0.5-18.el5.i386.rpm
warning: dhcp-3.0.5-18.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
Preparing... ###########################################
1:dhcp ###########################################
配置TFTP服务器
# vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
# protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
# workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
# and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -u nobody -s /tftpboot
disable = no
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
配置DHCP服务器
# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf
cp: overwrite `/etc/dhcpd.conf'? y
# vi /etc/dhcpd.conf
ddns-update-style interim;
ignore client-updates;
authourtative;
log-facility local7;
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.1.55 192.168.1.66;
option routers 192.168.1.1;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.146; //服务器IP地址
option domain-name "koalinfo.com";
option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.146; //服务器IP地址
option time-offset -18000;
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
default-lease-time 6000;
max-lease-time 11400;
next-server 192.168.1.146; //服务器IP地址
filename "pxelinux.0"; //指示启动文件的位置的一个标签，这里是指/tftpboot/pxelinux.0。
}
第三步：创建目录，存放系统安装文件。
# mkdir /disk
# cp -rf /mnt/* /disk/
第四步：安装并配置NFS服务器
#查看是否已安装NFS服务器，如果没有安装，进入/mnt/Server/进行安装
# rpm -qa | grep "nfs\|portmap"
portmap-4.0-65.2.2.1
nfs-utils-1.0.9-40.el5
nfs-utils-lib-1.0.8-7.2.z2
# vi /etc/exports
/disk *(ro.sync)
# service nfs restart
Shutting down NFS mountd: [ OK ]
Shutting down NFS daemon: [ OK ]
Shutting down NFS quotas: [ OK ]
Shutting down NFS services:
Starting NFS services: [ OK ]
Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]
Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]
Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]
# exportfs //输出NFS配置文件，检查是否生效
/disk <world>
第五步：启动DHCP、NFS、TFTP服务
# service dhcpd start
Starting dhcpd: [ OK ]
# service portmap start
Starting portmap: [ OK ]
# service nfs start
# service xinetd start
Starting xinetd:
第六步：将安装配置脚本文件（/root/anaconda-ks.cfg），重命名为ks.cfg，复制到/disk目录下，然后并共享出/disk目录。
# cd /root
# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop install.log install.log.syslog
# cp anaconda-ks.cfg /disk/ks.cfg
# exportfs -a; service nfs restart
Shutting down NFS mountd: [ OK ]
Shutting down NFS daemon: [ OK ]
Shutting down NFS quotas: [ OK ]
Shutting down NFS services: [ OK ]
Starting NFS services: [ OK ]
Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]
Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]
Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]
# vi /disk/ks.cfg
将cdrom修改为：nfs --server=192.168.1.146 --dir=/disk
将network --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp修改为：network --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp
将#clearpart --all --drives=sda修改为：clearpart --all –initlabel
第七步：配置支持PXE，复制启动时所需要文件。
#确保/tftproot目录存在，不存在，手工创建。
# ls -d /tftpboot/ || make /tftpboot/
/tftpboot/
# cp /usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot/
注意：如果找不到syslinux目录与pxelinux.0文件，那么你就必须安装软件包：syslinux-3.11-4.i386.rpm
# mkdir /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
# cd /media/
# ls
RHEL_5.3 i386 DVD
# cp /media/RHEL_5.3\ i386\ DVD/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
# cp /media/RHEL_5.3\ i386\ DVD/isolinux/* /tftpboot/
# chmod u+w /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
# vi /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
timeout 60 //将超时时间修改为60秒
append initrd=initrd.img text 修改为：append ks=nfs:192.168.1.146:/disk/ks.cfg initrd=initrd.img
第八步：重启DHCP、NFS、TFTP服务。
# service nfs restart
Shutting down NFS mountd: [ OK ]
Shutting down NFS daemon: [ OK ]
Shutting down NFS quotas: [ OK ]
Shutting down NFS services: [ OK ]
Starting NFS services: [ OK ]
Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]
Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]
Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]
# service dhcpd restart
Shutting down dhcpd: [ OK ]
Starting dhcpd: [ OK ]
# service xinetd restart
Stopping xinetd: [ OK ]
Starting xinetd: [ OK ]
Starting xinetd: [ OK ]
接下来，创建新的linux虚拟机，点击开机按钮， 即可到系统的安装界面。
页:
[1]