Linux之ip命令
ip命令是route2的一个网络配置工具，用于取代ifconfig，route等命令。此命令只是临时添加，重启网卡IP丢失。常用参数
link：常用于查看网看属性
addr：用于配置/删除多IP
route：用于配置路由信息
rule：用于查看路由表
命令详解：
ip link：主要用于查看网卡属性，或者开启，关闭网卡
show
set
例：show
# ip link show #####查看所有网卡的硬件属性，不包括IP地址
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:01:bf:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:01:bf:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
# ip link show eth0 ########查看某一块网卡信息
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:01:bf:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
# ip -s link show eth1 ######-s参数查看统计信息
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:01:bf:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
RX: bytespacketserrorsdropped overrun mcast
2085187 28951 0 0 0 0
TX: bytespacketserrorsdropped carrier collsns
5161 35 0 0 0 0
例：set
# ip link set eth1 up|down ####关闭或开始某个网卡
ip addr：用于管理多IP
add增加一个IP
del删除IP
show显示IP
flush清空IP
例：
# ip addr add 10.1.8.16/8 dev eth1###eth1增加IP，并没有使用别名
# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:01:bf:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.16.173/24 brd 172.16.16.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:bfa0/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:01:bf:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.7.173/24 brd 192.168.7.255 scope global eth1
inet 10.1.8.16/8 scope global eth1 注：ifconfig看不到
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:bfaa/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# ip addr add 192.168.29.10/24 dev eth1 label eth1:1
用label关键字增加子卡
# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:EthernetHWaddr 00:0C:29:01:BF:A0
inet addr:172.16.16.173Bcast:172.16.16.255Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:bfa0/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICASTMTU:1500Metric:1
RX packets:27735 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:549 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1978580 (1.8 MiB)TX bytes:67070 (65.4 KiB)
eth1 Link encap:EthernetHWaddr 00:0C:29:01:BF:AA
inet addr:192.168.7.173Bcast:192.168.7.255Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:bfaa/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICASTMTU:1500Metric:1
RX packets:31549 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:35 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2277774 (2.1 MiB)TX bytes:5161 (5.0 KiB)
eth1:1 Link encap:EthernetHWaddr 00:0C:29:01:BF:AA
inet addr:192.168.29.10 Bcast:0.0.0.0Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICASTMTU:1500Metric:1
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNINGMTU:16436Metric:1
RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:960 (960.0 b)TX bytes:960 (960.0 b)
# ip addr del 192.168.29.10/24 dev eth1:1 ###删除eth1:1
# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:EthernetHWaddr 00:0C:29:01:BF:A0
inet addr:172.16.16.173Bcast:172.16.16.255Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:bfa0/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICASTMTU:1500Metric:1
RX packets:29138 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:627 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2083498 (1.9 MiB)TX bytes:76506 (74.7 KiB)
eth1 Link encap:EthernetHWaddr 00:0C:29:01:BF:AA
inet addr:192.168.7.173Bcast:192.168.7.255Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:bfaa/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICASTMTU:1500Metric:1
RX packets:32839 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:35 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2372722 (2.2 MiB)TX bytes:5161 (5.0 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNINGMTU:16436Metric:1
RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:960 (960.0 b)TX bytes:960 (960.0 b)
# ip addr del 10.1.8.16/8 dev eth1####删除IP
# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:01:bf:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.16.173/24 brd 172.16.16.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:bfa0/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:01:bf:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.7.173/24 brd 192.168.7.255 scope global eth1
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:bfaa/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
ip route
show:显示路由
add:增加路由
del：删除路由
# ip route show查看路由
192.168.7.0/24 dev eth1proto kernelscope linksrc 192.168.7.173
172.16.16.0/24 dev eth0proto kernelscope linksrc 172.16.16.173
169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0scope linkmetric 1002
10.0.0.0/8 dev eth1proto kernelscope linksrc 10.1.5.10
# route -n 查看路由
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.7.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
172.16.16.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0
10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
# ip route add 10.0.8.0/24 via 192.168.7.1
等价于： ip route add 10.0.8.0/24 dev eth1
# ip route show
192.168.7.0/24 dev eth1proto kernelscope linksrc 192.168.7.173
172.16.16.0/24 dev eth0proto kernelscope linksrc 172.16.16.173
10.0.8.0/24 via 192.168.7.1 dev eth1
169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0scope linkmetric 1002
# ip route del 10.0.8.0/24
# ip route show ########删除路由
192.168.7.0/24 dev eth1proto kernelscope linksrc 192.168.7.173
172.16.16.0/24 dev eth0proto kernelscope linksrc 172.16.16.173
169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0scope linkmetric 1002
ip rule:查看默认路由，策略路由，本地路由
show|list
# ip rule show
0:from all lookup local
32766:from all lookup main
32767:from all lookup default
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