在openstack上创建第一个虚拟机
一、创建虚拟网络第一次创建虚拟机，使用命令行来创建
在控制节点上，加载 admin 凭证来获取管理员能执行的命令访问权限
# source admin-openstack.sh创建提供者网络
# neutron net-create --shared --provider:physical_network public --provider:network_type flat public-net
Created a new network:
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| admin_state_up | True |
| availability_zone_hints | |
| availability_zones | |
| created_at | 2016-11-09T17:03:20 |
| description | |
| id | 2cbfb54c-b760-41e1-ba69-83131220463b |
| ipv4_address_scope | |
| ipv6_address_scope | |
| mtu | 1500 |
| name | public-net |
| port_security_enabled | True |
| provider:network_type | flat |
| provider:physical_network | public |
| provider:segmentation_id| |
| router:external | False |
| shared | True |
| status | ACTIVE |
| subnets | |
| tags | |
| tenant_id | 53f72af1420a4d098d48f2c82d7e9ec7 |
| updated_at | 2016-11-09T17:03:20 |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
#参数解释
#--provider:physical_network网络类型选项，在配置文件中设置的为public，public映射的是eth0端口
#--provider:network_type 提供者的网络类型flat
#public-net是提供者网络的名称，按照自己的意愿定义查看已经创建的网络
# neutron net-list
+--------------------------------------+------------+---------+
| id | name | subnets |
+--------------------------------------+------------+---------+
| 2cbfb54c-b760-41e1-ba69-83131220463b | public-net | |
+--------------------------------------+------------+---------+创建子网
# neutron subnet-create --name public-subnet --allocation-pool start=192.168.56.100,end=192.168.56.200 --dns-nameserver 223.5.5.5 --gateway 192.168.56.2 public-net 192.168.56.0/24
Created a new subnet:
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| allocation_pools| {"start": "192.168.56.100", "end": "192.168.56.200"} |
| cidr | 192.168.56.0/24 |
| created_at | 2016-11-10T02:56:27 |
| description | |
| dns_nameservers | 223.5.5.5 |
| enable_dhcp | True |
| gateway_ip | 192.168.56.2 |
| host_routes | |
| id | 6e217cbe-3201-4b47-8765-84ba932afa93 |
| ip_version | 4 |
| ipv6_address_mode | |
| ipv6_ra_mode | |
| name | public-subnet |
| network_id | 2cbfb54c-b760-41e1-ba69-83131220463b |
| subnetpool_id | |
| tenant_id | 53f72af1420a4d098d48f2c82d7e9ec7 |
| updated_at | 2016-11-10T02:56:27 |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------+查看创建的子网
# neutron subnet-list
+--------------------------------------+---------------+-----------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| id | name | cidr | allocation_pools |
+--------------------------------------+---------------+-----------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 6e217cbe-3201-4b47-8765-84ba932afa93 | public-subnet | 192.168.56.0/24 | {"start": "192.168.56.100", "end": "192.168.56.200"} |
+--------------------------------------+---------------+-----------------+------------------------------------------------------+再次执行neutron net-list，可以看到创建的网络与子网已经关联在一起
# neutron net-list
+--------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| id | name | subnets |
+--------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 2cbfb54c-b760-41e1-ba69-83131220463b | public-net | 6e217cbe-3201-4b47-8765-84ba932afa93 192.168.56.0/24 |
+--------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------------------------+二、创建m1.nano规格的主机
1、创建一个nano规格的主机
默认的最小规格的主机需要512 MB内存。对于环境中计算节点内存不足4 GB的，我们推荐创建只需要64 MB的m1.nano规格的主机。若单纯为了测试的目的，请使用m1.nano规格的主机来加载CirrOS镜像
# openstack flavor create --id 0 --vcpus 1 --ram 64 --disk 1 m1.nano
+----------------------------+---------+
| Field | Value |
+----------------------------+---------+
| OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled | False |
| OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral| 0 |
| disk | 1 |
| id | 0 |
| name | m1.nano |
| os-flavor-access:is_public | True |
| ram | 64 |
| rxtx_factor | 1.0 |
| swap | |
| vcpus | 1 |
+----------------------------+---------+
#--id，主机类型的ID
#--vcpus，创建主机的cpu的数量
#--ram，内存，默认单位为M
#--disk，硬盘，默认单位为G# openstack flavor list
+----+-----------+-------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+
| ID | Name | RAM | Disk | Ephemeral | VCPUs | Is Public |
+----+-----------+-------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+
| 0| m1.nano | 64 | 1 | 0 | 1 | True |
| 1| m1.tiny | 512 | 1 | 0 | 1 | True |
| 2| m1.small|2048 | 20 | 0 | 1 | True |
| 3| m1.medium |4096 | 40 | 0 | 2 | True |
| 4| m1.large|8192 | 80 | 0 | 4 | True |
| 5| m1.xlarge | 16384 |160 | 0 | 8 | True |
+----+-----------+-------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+
#ID为0的是刚才创建的，生产环境中可以依据自己的需要进行创建2、生成一个键值对
（1）导入demo用户的环境变量
# cat demo-openstack.sh
export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=demo
export OS_USERNAME=demo
export OS_PASSWORD=DEMO_PASS
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:5000/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2# source demo-openstack.sh生成密钥对
# ssh-keygen -q -N ""
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):在openstack上创建密钥对
# openstack keypair create --public-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub mykey
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| fingerprint | 76:e0:a8:ff:ec:20:43:40:5d:42:0a:f1:90:1f:78:38 |
| name | mykey |
| user_id | 6762a6adffd140b1906bbe69dbf42518 |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+验证密钥对是否创建成功
# openstack keypair list
+-------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Name| Fingerprint |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------+
| mykey | 76:e0:a8:ff:ec:20:43:40:5d:42:0a:f1:90:1f:78:38 |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------+3、增加安全组规则
默认情况下， default安全组适用于所有实例并且包括拒绝远程访问实例的防火墙规则。对诸如CirrOS这样的Linux镜像，至少允许ICMP (ping) 和安全shell(SSH)规则。
添加规则到default安全组
允许icmp
# openstack security group rule create --proto icmp default
+-----------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-----------------------+--------------------------------------+
| id | ca56bc9b-5f12-43ea-b72f-4638cfb55094 |
| ip_protocol | icmp |
| ip_range | 0.0.0.0/0 |
| parent_group_id | a6670191-a77f-44f1-86b1-a617a5c7547d |
| port_range | |
| remote_security_group | |
+-----------------------+--------------------------------------+允许ssh连接
# openstack security group rule create --proto tcp --dst-port 22 default
+-----------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-----------------------+--------------------------------------+
| id | 5457a51f-a177-4db3-bac5-5b8d1cfb939d |
| ip_protocol | tcp |
| ip_range | 0.0.0.0/0 |
| parent_group_id | a6670191-a77f-44f1-86b1-a617a5c7547d |
| port_range | 22:22 |
| remote_security_group | |
+-----------------------+--------------------------------------+4、创建实例
# openstack server create --flavor m1.nano --image cirros --nic net-id=2cbfb54c-b760-41e1-ba69-83131220463b --security-group default --key-name mykey provider-instance
+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL |
| OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | |
| OS-EXT-STS:power_state | 0 |
| OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling |
| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building |
| OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | None |
| OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | None |
| accessIPv4 | |
| accessIPv6 | |
| addresses | |
| adminPass | Q9KXwLniQpoM |
| config_drive | |
| created | 2016-11-10T06:13:27Z |
| flavor | m1.nano (0) |
| hostId | |
| id | 0006405c-db45-42b4-a65a-d4a2041e2e88 |
| image | cirros (29d99654-ba91-4d04-8808-e1b8d16861fb) |
| key_name | mykey |
| name | provider-instance |
| os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | [] |
| progress | 0 |
| project_id | 81e76ab533b14b448b1c6394bc5e4d86 |
| properties | |
| security_groups | [{u'name': u'default'}] |
| status | BUILD |
| updated | 2016-11-10T06:13:28Z |
| user_id | 6762a6adffd140b1906bbe69dbf42518 |
+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
#--nic 这里使用网络的ID查看已创建的主机
# openstack server list
+--------------------------------------+-------------------+--------+---------------------------+
| ID | Name | Status | Networks |
+--------------------------------------+-------------------+--------+---------------------------+
| 0006405c-db45-42b4-a65a-d4a2041e2e88 | provider-instance | ACTIVE | public-net=192.168.56.101 |
+--------------------------------------+-------------------+--------+---------------------------+5、连接虚拟机
默认的用户名是cirros，密码是cubswin:)
# ssh cirros@192.168.56.101
cirros@192.168.56.101's password:
$ sudo su -
# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:EthernetHWaddr FA:16:3E:C5:10:81
inet addr:192.168.56.101Bcast:192.168.56.255Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::f816:3eff:fec5:1081/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICASTMTU:1500Metric:1
RX packets:133 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:146 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:16003 (15.6 KiB)TX bytes:15456 (15.0 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNINGMTU:16436Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
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