ansible学习记录之ansible安装
1. CentOS6.x x64 服务器端安装# rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
# yum -y install ansible
配置文件查看：
# egrep -v "(#|^$)" /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
hostfile = /etc/ansible/hosts
library = /usr/share/ansible
remote_tmp = $HOME/.ansible/tmp
pattern = *
forks = 5 #默认并发5个。
poll_interval= 15
sudo_user = root
transport = smart
remote_port = 22
module_lang = C
gathering = implicit
sudo_exe = sudo
timeout = 10
ansible_managed = Ansible managed: {file} modified on %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S by {uid} on {host}
action_plugins = /usr/share/ansible_plugins/action_plugins
callback_plugins = /usr/share/ansible_plugins/callback_plugins
connection_plugins = /usr/share/ansible_plugins/connection_plugins
lookup_plugins = /usr/share/ansible_plugins/lookup_plugins
vars_plugins = /usr/share/ansible_plugins/vars_plugins
filter_plugins = /usr/share/ansible_plugins/filter_plugins
accelerate_port = 5099
accelerate_timeout = 30
accelerate_connect_timeout = 5.0
accelerate_daemon_timeout = 30
2. 配置主机Inventory
ansible通过读取默认的主机清单文件/etc/ansible/hosts，该文件在/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg文件中指定，可以自定义主机，支持IP，域名，支持分组，便于对某
些主机或者某一组功能相同的主机进行操作，还有一个缺省的all组，代表Inventory中所有主机。
# vi /etc/ansible/hosts
192.168.10.191
192.168.10.192
示例：可以指定端口与用户与密码：
192.168.10.191 ansible_ssh_port=2222ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=passwd
192.168.10.191:2222
3. 免密钥方式配置
置ansible端能基于密钥认证的方式联系各被管理节点。master服务器生成ssh-key，并分发到所有客户端。
# ssh-keygen -t rsa
# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.10.191
在此过程提示输入客户端密码
4. RHEL/CentOS/OEL5.X 客户端安装
RHEL/CentOS/OEL5.X x64 默认采用 python2.4，ansible对python2.4需要安装python-simplejson安装包。
说明: python2.4/2.5版本太低会出现"msg": "Error: ansible requires a json module, none found!", 报错.
要么升级python,要么安装python-simplejson
# rpm -vih python-simplejson-2.0.9-8.el5.x86_64.rpm
warning: python-simplejson-2.0.9-8.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key> Preparing... ###########################################
1:python-simplejson ###########################################
5. ansible命令模块以及参数查询
(1) ansible命令语法
语法 ansible <host-pattern>
ansible <pattern_goes_here> -m <module_name> -a <arguments>
选项：
-i 设备列表路径，可制定一些动态路径
-f 并行任务数
-private-key 私钥路径
-m 模块名 默认不指定模块就是采用command模块
-M 模块夹在路径
-a 参数
-k 登陆密码
-K sudo密码
-t 输出结果保存路径
-B 后台运行超时时间
-P 调查后台程序时间
-u 执行用户
-U sudo用户
-l 限制设备范围
-s 是此用户sudo无需输入密码
(2) 查看ansible的模块以及参数
# ansible-doc
-l 列出所有的ansible模块
-s 列出该模块的相关指令
# ansible-doc -l
boundary_meter Manage boundary meters
bzr Deploy software (or files) from bzr branches
campfire Send a message to Campfire
capabilities Manage Linux capabilities
cloudformation create a AWS CloudFormation stack
command Executes a command on a remote node
composer Dependency Manager for PHP
copy Copies files to remote locations.
cpanm Manages Perl library dependencies.
cron Manage cron.d and crontab entries.
datadog_event Posts events to DataDogservice
# ansible-doc -s command
- name: E x e c u t e s a c o m m a n d o n a r e m o t e n o d e
action: command
chdir # cd into this directory before running the command
creates # a filename, when it already exists, this step will *not* be run.
executable # change the shell used to execute the command. Should be an absolute path to the executable.
free_form= # the command module takes a free form command to run.There is no parameter actually named 'free form'. See the
examples!
removes # a filename, when it does not exist, this step will *not* be run.
warn # if command warnings are on in ansible.cfg, do not warn about this particular line if set to no/false.
6. 通过密码方式进行验证，加入-k参数
#提供了三种方式：一个在hosts文件中加入密码，一种是免密钥方式，一种是采用-k方式手动输入密码，常用于临时测试。
# ansible all -m ping -k
SSH password:
192.168.10.192 | success >> {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
192.168.10.191 | success >> {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
7. 常用示例：
# ansible test -a 'df -h' #这个省略了-m command模块名，-a接参数，可以指行linux命令
#执行操作系统命令可以采用command,shell,raw等，其中shell可以使用管道以及命令带参，script通常用执行脚本等，具体可以查看相关参数。
192.168.0.125 | success | rc=0 >>
Filesystem > /dev/mapper/vg_test2-lv_root 36G3.6G 30G11% /
tmpfs 1004M 72K 1004M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 39M421M 9% /boot
192.168.0.124 | success | rc=0 >>
Filesystem > /dev/mapper/vg_test1-lv_root 36G3.6G 30G11% /
tmpfs 1004M 72K 1004M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 39M421M 9% /boot
单条远程命令的执行，可以通过相关模块进行操作，也可以直接执行命令方式，命令方式将为后面play-book（可以简单理解为批处理）试打下基础。
ansible test -m yum -a "name=dstat state=latest" #执行yum install dstat
ansible test -m raw -a "rpm -qa|grep dstat" #执行rpm -qa |grep dstat
ansible test -m shell -a "service mysqld restart" #通过命令方式执行service mysqld restart
单条命令方式：
ansible test -m service -a "name=mysqld state=stopped" #通过服务模块执行service mysqld stop
play-book方式：
- name: stop mysqld service #随便取名称
service: enabled=off name=rpcbind state=stopped #模块与参数，单命令行方式也可很容易转成play-book方式。
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