Puppet数据类型中[数值类型,数组的使用] (十四)
本文主要写puppet的数据类型中的数值类型和数组的使用，博主puppet为3.8版本，puppet数组的追加功能测试没有成功,官网也没有给出示例,确定是否已经优化或者取消.官网数据类型连接地址https://docs.puppet.com/puppet/3.8/lang_datatypes.html
puppet的数据类型
目前puppet支持字符串类型、数字、数组、哈希、布尔型、undef和正则表达式.
一、字符串类型
定义字符串需要以双引号("")或单引号('')进行声明，在puppet中默认的数据类型就是字符串类型.
字符窜类型声明注意：
1、不能使用puppet关键字.
2、字符串类型由字母、数字、连接符(-)和下划线(_)组成.
3、建议字符串类型使用utf-8的字符集.
示例(上篇文章的变量定义)：
$content="this is file"
$content='this is file'
注释:单双引号都可以.
puppet中通过单双引号声明的字符串中，有些特殊字符串定义尾部含有"\"，需要使用反斜杠屏蔽字符特殊意义.
如path => c:\data\ #尾部有'\'，需要转义.
示例如下:
$content='c:\data\\'
notify {"hostip is $content":}
注意:$content='c:\data\\'后如果尾部没有反斜杠'\'转义，会报语法错误.
常见的需要转义的符号:
\$,\",\',\\,\n,\r,\t,\s 二、数值类型
puppet中支持数值类型，数值类型是指定义成的数值形式的数据，这种数据可以进行加、减、乘、除、与、或、取反等数学运算.在puppet中数值类型包括整数类型、浮点数，当然也支持整数类型运算和浮点数类型运算.
整数类型的计算:
加法运算：
$content=7 + 4
notify {"hostip is $content":}
agent端更新:
# puppet agent -t
Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run
Info: Retrieving pluginfacts
Info: Retrieving plugin
Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain
Info: Applying configuration version '1505927717'
Notice: /Stage/Admin/Exec/returns: executed successfully
Notice: hostip is 11
Notice: /Stage/Main/Node/Notify/message: defined 'message' as 'hostip is 11'
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.26 seconds
乘法运算：
$content=7 * 4
notify {"hostip is $content":}
agent端更新:
# puppet agent -t
Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run
Info: Retrieving pluginfacts
Info: Retrieving plugin
Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain
Info: Applying configuration version '1505927786'
Notice: /Stage/Admin/Exec/returns: executed successfully
Notice: hostip is 28
Notice: /Stage/Main/Node/Notify/message: defined 'message' as 'hostip is 28'
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.29 seconds
取余运算:
$content=7 % 4
notify {"hostip is $content":}
agent端更新:
# puppet agent -t
Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run
Info: Retrieving pluginfacts
Info: Retrieving plugin
Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain
Info: Applying configuration version '1505927969'
Notice: /Stage/Admin/Exec/returns: executed successfully
Notice: hostip is 3
Notice: /Stage/Main/Node/Notify/message: defined 'message' as 'hostip is 3'
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.27 seconds
除法运算：
$content=7 / 4
notify {"hostip is $content":}
agent端更新:
# puppet agent -t
Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run
Info: Retrieving pluginfacts
Info: Retrieving plugin
Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain
Info: Applying configuration version '1505928069'
Notice: /Stage/Admin/Exec/returns: executed successfully
Notice: hostip is 1
Notice: /Stage/Main/Node/Notify/message: defined 'message' as 'hostip is 1'
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.29 seconds
浮点数类型运算：
$content=7 + 0.4
notify {"hostip is $content":}
agent端更新:
# puppet agent -t
Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run
Info: Retrieving pluginfacts
Info: Retrieving plugin
Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain
Info: Applying configuration version '1505927886'
Notice: /Stage/Admin/Exec/returns: executed successfully
Notice: hostip is 7.4
Notice: /Stage/Main/Node/Notify/message: defined 'message' as 'hostip is 7.4'
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.27 seconds
注意:符号不能同时使用;浮点型数据以数字加小数点的形式表达.
错误的示例：
$content=7 / .4
notify {"hostip is $content":}
$content=7 / +4
notify {"hostip is $content":}
三、数组
数组的定义：
数组就是将同一类事物按照一定的顺序放到一个集合中，通过定义这个集合来完成对数组中所有的事物的定义,puppet中数组通过方括号来定义,数组中的数据通过","分隔.
puppet通过["value1","value2"]的形式来定义数组，并将定义后的数组赋值给变量.
注意:下面示例包含两种正确写法和一种错误写法,网络有很多博文都在传错误的写法，不知道他们是照抄还是都没自己去写写.
示例:
正确写法(一)
这种算中规中矩的写法，网上很多这样的例子.
class php {
package {["php","php-devel"]:
ensure=> "installed"
}
}
agent端测试:
# puppet agent -t
Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run
Info: Retrieving pluginfacts
Info: Retrieving plugin
Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain
Info: Applying configuration version '1506074734'
Notice: /Stage/Admin/Exec/returns: executed successfully
Notice: /Stage/Php/Package/ensure: created
Notice: /Stage/Php/Package/ensure: created
Notice: Finished catalog run in 12.77 seconds
正确写法(二)
下面这种写法也是突发奇想，$packages既然等于数组的元素，那么下面再加[]，就又是数组了，这样总是对的吧,测试果然可行.
class php {
$packages=["php","php-devel",]
package {[$packages]:
ensure=> "installed"
}
}
agent端更新:
# puppet agent -t
Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run
Info: Retrieving pluginfacts
Info: Retrieving plugin
Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain
Info: Applying configuration version '1506076818'
Notice: /Stage/Admin/Exec/returns: executed successfully
Notice: /Stage/Php/Package/ensure: created
Notice: /Stage/Php/Package/ensure: created
Notice: Finished catalog run in 31.33 seconds
错误写法:网络很多数组的定义都是下面这种写法,官网并没有给出数组的调用案例只给了定义数组.
声明php类，安装php软件包.
class php {
$packages = ["php","php-devel"]
package {"$packages":
ensure=> "installed"
}
}
agent端测试:
# puppet agent -t
Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run
Info: Retrieving pluginfacts
Info: Retrieving plugin
Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain
Info: Applying configuration version '1506077242'
Notice: /Stage/Admin/Exec/returns: executed successfully
Error: Execution of '/usr/bin/yum -d 0 -e 0 -y list phpphp-devel' returned 1: Error: No matching Packages to list
Error: /Stage/Php/Package/ensure: change from absent to present failed: Execution of '/usr/bin/yum -d 0 -e 0 -y list phpphp-devel' returned 1: Error: No matching Packages to list
Notice: Finished catalog run in 1.01 seconds
注意报错:puppet把php和php-devel连一起了phpphp-devel.
puppet数组的取值
puppet数组和其他编程语言中的数组一样，下标从0开始.可以将数组赋值给变量，并通过[数组下标]的方式进行取值.
# cat 2.pp
$foo=['one','two','three']
notice ($foo) #通过notice函数打印$foo数组two的值.
本地应用:
# puppet apply 2.pp
Notice: Scope(Class): two
Notice: Compiled catalog for sh-web1.localdomain in environment production in 0.02 seconds
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.01 seconds
嵌套数组
puppet通过嵌套数组来模拟多维数组，并通过索引的方式访问嵌套数组的值.
通过notice函数打印$foo数组索引为1的two的值.
# cat 2.pp
$foo=['one',{'two' => 2,'three' => 3}]
notice ($foo)
agent端测试更新:
# puppet apply 2.pp
Notice: Scope(Class): 2
Notice: Compiled catalog for sh-web1.localdomain in environment production in 0.02 seconds
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.02 seconds
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