Centos下升级Python
Centos下升级Python预准备（可忽略）
由于Centos需要提前安装Sqlite数据库，否则之后Python无法正常导入sqlite3，因此建议在升级Python前预先安装Sqlite数据库
yum install sqlite-devel -y 一、查看本机Pyhton版本
本机Centos6.5 预带Pyhton版本为2.6.6
# python --version
>>Python 2.6.6
二、下载欲升级最新Python安装包
可以去官网找最新安装包 https://www.python.org/downloads/
三、修改编译文件支持SSL
编译安装的时候并没有把SSL模块编译进去，安装后可能会导致urllib2不支持https链接
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 154, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 431, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 454, in _open
'unknown_open', req)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 409, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1265, in unknown_open
raise URLError('unknown url type: %s' % type)
urllib2.URLError: <urlopen error unknown url type: https>
我们需要先安装openssl-devel(已安装可忽略)
# rpm -aq|grep openssl
>>openssl-1.0.1e-30.el6.x86_64
# yum install openssl-devel -y
# rpm -aq|grep openssl
>>openssl-1.0.1e-30.el6.x86_64
>>openssl-devel-1.0.1e-42.el6.x86_64
在编译安装Python之前加上以下这段代码（代码去除注释即可）
>>vi Python-2.7.11/Modules/Setup.dist# Socket module helper for SSL support; you must comment out the other
# socket line above, and possibly edit the SSL variable:
SSL=/usr/local/ssl
_ssl _ssl.c \
-DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
-L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto
*另注：
由于系统缺少了readline相关模块，会导致编译安装Python后无法使用上下左右退格，所以需要再编译安装前安装readline-devel模块
yum -y install readline-devel 四、编译安装Python
wget
tar -zxvf Python-2.7.10.tgz
cd Python-2.7.10
./configure
make && make install
#也可以先查看是否有安装gcc再进行编译安装
通过命令查看是否已安装新版本
# /usr/local/bin/python2.7 -V
>>Python 2.7.11
现在我们可以通过python2.7启动python，但是这样太麻烦，我们可以自行修改下
mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.6.6
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
# python -V
>>Python 2.7.11
五、修改yum脚本环境变量引用
安装完新版本Python后会发现yum出错，所以我们要把yum指向老版本
vi /usr/bin/yum#!/usr/bin/python2.6.6 # 修改#!/usr/bin/python为#!/usr/bin/python2.6.6
import sys
try:
import yum
except ImportError:
print >> sys.stderr, """\
.....
测试yum命令，一切正常
六、升级完Python后安装pip
python从2.6升级到2.7之后会出现安装setuptools和pip启动失败，这是因为路径的问题，我们可以下载一个脚本，运行后会自动重新下载一个setuptools
curl -O https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py
# python ez_setup.py 安装setuptools
# yum install -y python-setuptools 安装distribute
由于Setuptools包不再维护distribute，所以安装后可能由于distribute版本缺失导致报错
# easy_install
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/easy_install", line 5, in <module>
from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pkg_resources.py", line 2675, in <module>
parse_requirements(__requires__), Environment()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pkg_resources.py", line 552, in resolve
raise DistributionNotFound(req)
pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: distribute==0.6.10 distribution was not found and is required by the application
通过以下方式安装缺失的distribute
# wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.10.zip --no-check-certificate
# unzip distribute-0.6.10.zip
# cd distribute-0.6.10
# /usr/local/bin/python2.7 setup.py install
or
# wget
# tar xf distribute-0.6.10.tar.gz
# cd distribute-0.6.10
# /usr/local/bin/python2.7 setup.py install
安装pip
# easy_install pip
# easy_install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple pip 七、升级完Python后ibus输入法报错
升级 Python2.7 后会导致 Ibus 输入法python2.6的gtk无法使用问题
/usr/libexec/ibus-ui-gtk
/usr/ bin/ibus-setup
/usr/libexec/ibus-engine-table
分别修改以上三个文件中的“python”为“python2.6”
八、配置pip和easy_isntall的镜像源
easy_install的配置文件 ~/.pydistutils.cfg ：
index_url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
pip的配置文件 ~/.pip/pip.conf ：
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
至此，升级完毕，后续继续补充
本文仅作一个记录，以备忘记查看方便
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