vincen 发表于 2018-8-28 13:31:31

学习日志---linux shell编程之while和until

  bash知识点:while循环和until循环
  for varName in 列表; do
  循环体
  done
  条件测试:有以下两种
  可执行命令: 命令成功,条件测试成功;否则为失败;
  根据$?, 状态返回值;
  表达式(不是可执行的命令,是个表达式):
  [ expression ]
  ` expression `
  test expression
  while 条件测试; do
  循环体
  done
  while循环:条件测试成功,则循环;失败,则退出;
  如何退出?
  必须有时刻:条件测试不成功
  ?: 条件控制变量
  练习:求100以内所有正整数的和;
  declare -i sum=0
  declare -i i=1
  while [ $i -le 100 ]; do
  let sum+=$i
  let i++
  done
  echo $sum
  练习:求100以内所有偶数之和
  declare -i evenSum=0
  declare -i i=1
  while [ $i -le 100 ]; do
  if [ $[$i%2] -eq 0 ]; then
  let evenSum+=$i
  fi
  let i++
  done
  echo $evenSum
  declare -i evenSum=0
  declare -i i=2
  while [ $i -le 100 ]; do
  let evenSum+=$i
  let i+=2
  done
  echo $evenSum
  如何让while循环退出:在循环体中改变测试条件中用于控制循环次数的变量的值;
  练习:通过键盘提示用户输入字符,将用户输入的小写字母转换为大写,转换一次之后,再次提醒,再输再转换;但输入quit表示退出;
  #!/bin/bash
  read -p "Enter a word: " word
  while [[ "$word" != "quit" ]]; do
  echo $word | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'
  read -p "Enter a word again: " word
  done
  练习:显示如下菜单给用户
  cpu) print cpu information;
  mem) print memory information;
  disk) print disk infomation;
  quit) quit
  Enter your option:
  根据用户的选择输出相应信息;
  每次执行后,不退出,而由用户再次指定新的选项;
  #!/bin/bash
  #
  cat   grep "^$userName\>" /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f3,7
  else
  echo "No such user."
  fi
  read -p "Enter a user name again(quit to exit): " userName
  done
  if [ -z "$userName" ]; then
  echo "User name null."
  else

  if>  grep "^$userName\>" /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f3,7
  else
  echo "No such user."
  fi
  fi
  read -p "Enter a user name again(quit to exit): " userName
  练习:提示用户输入一个用户名,判断用户是否登录了当前系统;
  如果没有登录,则停止5秒钟之后,再次判断;直到用户登录系统,显示“用户来了”,而后退出;
  方法一:
  #!/bin/bash
  #
  read -p "Enter a user name: " userName
  先判别用户名是否存在

  while !>  read -p "Enter a user name again: " userName
  done
  who | grep "^$userName" &> /dev/null
  retVal=$?
  while [ $retVal -ne 0 ]; do
  sleep 5
  who | grep "^$userName" &> /dev/null
  retVal=$?
  done
  echo "$userName is on."
  方法二:
  #!/bin/bash
  #
  read -p "Enter a user name: " userName

  while !>  read -p "Enter a user name again: " userName
  done
  while ! who | grep "^$userName" &> /dev/null; do
  echo "$userName is not here."
  sleep 5
  done
  echo "$userName is on."
  方法三:
  #!/bin/bash
  #
  read -p "Enter a user name: " userName

  until [ -n "$userName" ] &&>  read -p "Enter a user name again: " userName
  done
  until who | grep "^$userName" &> /dev/null; do
  echo "$userName is not here."
  sleep 5
  done
  echo "$userName is on."
  bash编程之until循环:
  until 测试条件; do
  循环体
  done
  条件不满足,则循环;否则,退出;
  练习:用until循环,求100以内所有正整数之和;
  #!/bin/bash
  declare -i sum=0
  declare -i i=1
  until [ $i -gt 100 ]; do
  let sum+=$i
  let i++
  done
  echo $sum
  bash编程之组合测试条件深入探讨:
  逻辑与:多个条件同时满足
  [ CONDITION1 ]&&[ CONDITION2 ]
  [ CONDITION1 -a CONDITION2 ]
  [[ CONDITION1 && CONDITION2 ]]
  注意:前两个使用单或双中括号都可,但,&&不允许用于单中括号中,所以第三种只能用于双中括号中;
  逻辑或:多个条件中有一个满足即为真;
  [ CONDITION1 ]||[ CONDITION2 ]
  [ CONDITION1 -o CONDITION2 ]
  [[ CONDITION1 || CONDITION2 ]]
  注意:||不允许用于单中括号中;
  德 摩根 定律
  !(条件1 或 条件2) = !条件1 并且 !条件2
  !(条件1 并且 条件2) = !条件1 或 !条件2
  使用while循环一次读取文件的一行,直到文件尾部:
  while read line; do
  循环体
  done < /path/to/somefile
  练习:取出当前系统上,默认shell为bash的用户(不错)
  #!/bin/bash
  #
  while read line; do
  使用与做连续判断
  [[ `echo $line | cut -d: -f7` == "/bin/bash" ]] && echo $line | cut -d: -f1
  done < /etc/passwd
  练习:显示所有其ID号为偶数的用户;
  #!/bin/bash
  #
  while read line; do
  userID=`echo $line | cut -d: -f3`
  if [ $[$userID%2] -eq 0 ]; then
  echo -n "$userID: "
  echo $line | cut -d: -f1
  fi
  done < /etc/passwd
  练习:显示/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件中,其总字符个数大于30的行;
  #!/bin/bash
  #
  while read line; do
  charCounts=`echo $line | wc -c`
  if [ $charCounts -gt 30 ]; then
  echo -n "$charCounts: "
  echo $line
  fi
  done < /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
  练习:显示所有其UID和GID均为偶数的用户;
  #!/bin/bash
  #
  while read line; do
  userID=`echo $line | cut -d: -f3`
  groupID=`echo $line | cut -d: -f4`
  if [ $[$userID%2] -eq 0 ] && [ $[$groupID%2] -eq 0 ]; then
  echo -n "$userID, $groupID: "
  echo $line | cut -d: -f1
  fi
  done < /etc/passwd
  练习:显示/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件中,其总字符个数大于30且非以“#”开头的行;
  #!/bin/bash
  #
  while read line; do
  charCounts=`echo $line | wc -c`
  if [ $charCounts -gt 30 ] && [[ "$line" =~ ^[^#] ]] ; then
  echo -n "$charCounts: "
  echo $line
  fi
  done < /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit

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