linux 经典常用shell收藏
我们在运维中，尤其是linux运维，都知道脚本的重要性，脚本会让我们的 运维事半功倍，所以学会写脚本是我们每个linux运维必须学会的一门功课，这里收藏linux运维常用的脚本。如何学好脚本，最关键的是就是大量的练习 和实践。根据以下脚本我们可以拓展，这样我们提高的很快！举一反三！1．用Shell编程，判断一文件是不是字符设备文件，如果是将其拷贝到 /dev 目录下。
参考程序：
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] #!/bin/sh
[*] FILENAME=
[*] echo “Input file name：”
[*] read FILENAME
[*] if [ -c "$FILENAME" ]
[*] then
[*] cp $FILENAME /dev
[*] fi
2．设计一个shell程序，添加一个新组为class1，然后添加属于这个组的30个用户，用户名的形式为stdxx，其中xx从01到30。
参考答案：
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] #!/bin/sh
[*] i=1
[*] groupadd class1
[*] while [ $i -le 30 ]
[*] do
[*] if [ $i -le 9 ] ;then
[*] USERNAME=stu0${i}
[*] else
[*] USERNAME=stu${i}
[*] fi
[*] useradd $USERNAME
[*] mkdir /home/$USERNAME
[*] chown -R $USERNAME /home/$USERNAME
[*] chgrp -R class1 /home/$USERNAME
[*] i=$(($i+1))
[*] done
3．编写shell程序，实现自动删除50个账号的功能。账号名为stud1至stud50。
参考程序：
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] #!/bin/sh
[*] i=1
[*] while [ $i -le 50 ]
[*] do
[*] userdel -r stud${i}
[*] i=$(($i+1 ))
[*] done
4．某系统管理员需每天做一定的重复工作，请按照下列要求，编制一个解决方案：
（1）在下午4 :50删除/abc目录下的全部子目录和全部文件；
（2）从早8:00～下午6:00每小时读取/xyz目录下x1文件中每行第一个域的全部数据加入到/backup目录下的bak01.txt文件内；
（3）每逢星期一下午5:50将/data目录下的所有目录和文件归档并压缩为文件：backup.tar.gz；
（4）在下午5:55将IDE接口的CD-ROM卸载（假设：CD-ROM的设备名为hdc）；
（5）在早晨8:00前开机后启动。
参考答案:
解决方案：
（1）用vi创建编辑一个名为prgx的crontab文件；
（2）prgx文件的内容：
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] 50 16 * * * rm -r /abc/*
[*] 0 8-18/1 * * * cut -f1 /xyz/x1 >;>; /backup/bak01.txt
[*] 50 17 * * * tar zcvf backup.tar.gz /data
[*] 55 17 * * * umount /dev/hdc
（3）由超级用户登录，用crontab执行 prgx文件中的内容：
root@xxx:#crontab prgx；在每日早晨8:00之前开机后即可自动启动crontab。
5．设计一个shell程序，在每月第一天备份并压缩/etc目录的所有内容，存放在/root/bak目录里，且文件名为如下形式yymmdd_etc，yy为年，mm为月，dd为日。Shell程序fileback存放在/usr/bin目录下。
参考答案：
（1）编写shell程序fileback：
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] #!/bin/sh
[*] DIRNAME=`ls /root | grep bak`
[*] if [ -z "$DIRNAME" ] ; then
[*] mkdir /root/bak
[*] cd /root/bak
[*] fi
[*] YY=`date +%y`
[*] MM=`date +%m`
[*] DD=`date +%d`
[*] BACKETC=$YY$MM$DD_etc.tar.gz
[*] tar zcvf $BACKETC /etc
[*] echo “fileback finished!”
（2）编写任务定时器：
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] echo “0 0 1 * * /bin/sh /usr/bin/fileback” >; /root/etcbakcron
[*] crontab /root/etcbakcron
[*] 或使用crontab -e 命令添加定时任务：
[*] 0 1 * * * /bin/sh /usr/bin/fileback
6．有一普通用户想在每周日凌晨零点零分定期备份/user/backup到/tmp目录下，该用户应如何做？
参考答案：
（1）第一种方法：
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] 用户应使用crontab –e 命令创建crontab文件。格式如下：
[*] 0 0 * * sun cp –r /user/backup /tmp
（2）第二种方法：
用户先在自己目录下新建文件file，文件内容如下：
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] 0 * * sun cp –r /user/backup /tmp
然后执行 crontab file 使生效。
7.设计一个Shell程序，在/userdata目录下建立50个目录，即user1～user50，并设置每个目录的权限，其中其他用户的权限为：读；文件所有者的权限为：读、写、执行；文件所有者所在组的权限为：读、执行。
参考答案: 建立程序 Pro16如下：
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] #!/bin/sh
[*] i=1
[*] while [ i -le 50 ]
[*] do
[*] if [ -d /userdata ];then
[*] mkdir -p /userdata/user$i
[*] chmod 754 /userdata/user$i
[*] echo “user$i”
[*] let “i = i + 1″ （或i=$（（$i＋1））
[*] else
[*] mkdir /userdata
[*] mkdir -p /userdata/user$i
[*] chmod 754 /userdata/user$i
[*] echo “user$i”
[*] let “i = i + 1″ （或i=$（（$i＋1））
[*] fi
[*] done
8、mysql备份实例，自动备份mysql，并删除30天前的备份文件
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] #!/bin/sh
[*]
[*] #auto backup mysql
[*] #wugk2012-07-14
[*] #PATH DEFINE
[*]
[*] BAKDIR=/data/backup/mysql/`date +%Y-%m-%d`
[*] MYSQLDB=www
[*] MYSQLPW=backup
[*] MYSQLUSR=backup
[*]
[*] if[ $UID -ne 0 ];then
[*] echo This script must use administrator or root user ,please exit!
[*] sleep 2
[*] exit 0
[*] fi
[*]
[*] if[ ! -d $BAKDIR ];then
[*] mkdir -p $BAKDIR
[*] else
[*] echo This is $BAKDIR exists ,please exit ….
[*] sleep 2
[*] exit
[*] fi
[*]
[*] ###mysqldump backup mysql
[*]
[*] /usr/bin/mysqldump -u$MYSQLUSR -p$MYSQLPW -d $MYSQLDB >/data/backup/mysql/`date +%Y-%m-%d`/www_db.sql
[*]
[*] cd $BAKDIR ; tar -czfwww_mysql_db.tar.gz *.sql
[*]
[*] cd $BAKDIR ;find. -name “*.sql” |xargs rm -rf[ $? -eq 0 ]&&echo “This `date +%Y-%m-%d` RESIN BACKUP is SUCCESS”
[*]
[*] cd /data/backup/mysql/ ;find . -mtime +30 |xargs rm -rf
9、自动安装Nginx脚本，采用case方式，选择方式，也可以根据实际需求改成自己想要的脚本
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] #!/bin/sh
[*]
[*] ###nginx install shell
[*] ###wugk 2012-07-14
[*] ###PATH DEFINE
[*]
[*] SOFT_PATH=/data/soft/
[*] NGINX_FILE=nginx-1.2.0.tar.gz
[*] DOWN_PATH=http://nginx.org/download/
[*]
[*] if[ $UID -ne 0 ];then
[*] echo This script must use administrator or root user ,please exit!
[*] sleep 2
[*] exit 0
[*] fi
[*]
[*] if[ ! -d $SOFT_PATH ];then
[*] mkdir -p $SOFT_PATH
[*] fi
[*]
[*] download ()
[*] {
[*] cd $SOFT_PATH ;wget $DOWN_PATH/$NGINX_FILE
[*] }
[*]
[*] install ()
[*] {
[*] yum install pcre-devel -y
[*] cd $SOFT_PATH ;tar xzf $NGINX_FILE ;cd nginx-1.2.0/ &&./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx/ –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module
[*] [ $? -eq 0 ]&&make &&make install
[*] }
[*]
[*] start ()
[*] {
[*] lsof -i :80[ $? -ne 0 ]&&/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
[*] }
[*]
[*] stop ()
[*] {
[*] ps -ef |grep nginx |grep -v grep |awk ‘{print $2}’|xargs kill -9
[*] }
[*]
[*] exit ()
[*] {
[*] echo $? ;exit
[*] }
[*]
[*] ###case menu #####
[*]
[*] case $1 in
[*] download )
[*] download
[*] ;;
[*]
[*] install )
[*] install
[*] ;;
[*]
[*] start )
[*] start
[*] ;;
[*] stop )
[*] stop
[*] ;;
[*]
[*] * )
[*]
[*] echo “USAGE:$0 {download or install or start or stop}”
[*] exit
[*] esac
10、批量解压tar脚本，批量解压zip并且建立当前目录。
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] #!/bin/sh
[*] PATH1=/tmp/images
[*] PATH2=/usr/www/images
[*] for i in `ls ${PATH1}/*`
[*] do
[*] tar xvf$i-C $PATH2
[*] done
这个脚本是针对所有tar文件在一个目录，但是实际情况中，有可能在下级或者更深的目录，我们可以使用find查找
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] #!/bin/sh
[*] PATH1=/tmp/images
[*] PATH2=/usr/www/images
[*] for i in `find$PATH1-name”*.tar” `
[*] do
[*] tar xvf$i-C $PATH2
[*] done
如何是zip文件，例如123189.zip 132342.zip 等等批量文件，默认unzip直接解压不带自身目录，意思是解压123189.zip完当前目录就是图片，不能创建123189目录下并解压，可以用shell脚本实现
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] #!/bin/sh
[*] PATH1=/tmp/images
[*] PATH2=/usr/www/images
[*] cd $PATH1
[*]
[*] for i in `find. -name”*.zip”|awk-F.{print $2} `
[*] do
[*]
[*] mkdir -p PATH2$i
[*]
[*] unzip -o.$i.zip-d PATH2$i
[*] done
原创文章转载请注明: Linux常用Shell脚本珍藏 | 专注Unix/Linux领域
ssh 批量上传文件
上传文件大多数用的是ftp，但是用ftp有一点不好，就是本地和远程的目录要对应，这样就要在多个目录下去切换，这样挺麻烦的，如果不注意的话，很有可能传错。所以想了个办法利用scp来批量上传文件或者目录。
一，scp上传不要输入密码
如果要用scp来上传文件，第一步就要去掉scp上传时要输入密码。要不然就没办法批量上传了。具体请参考：ssh 不用输入密码
二，ssh批量上传脚本
1,要上传的文件列表放到一个test文件中
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# cat test
[*] /home/zhangy/test/aaa
[*] /home/zhangy/test/nginx.conf
[*]
[*] /home/zhangy/test/test.sql
[*] /home/zhangy/test/pa.txt
[*] /home/zhangy/test/password
上面就要上传的文件。
2,批量上传的脚本
vim file_upload.sh
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] #!/bin/sh
[*]
[*] DATE=`date +%Y_%m_%d_%H`
[*]
[*] if [ $1 ]
[*] then
[*] for file in $(sed '/^$/d' $1) //去掉空行
[*] do
[*] if [ -f $file ] //普通文件
[*] then
[*] res=`scp $file $2:$file` //上传文件
[*] if [ -z $res ] //上传成功
[*] then
[*] echo $file >> ${DATE}_upload.log //上传成功的日志
[*] fi
[*] elif [ -d $file ] //目录
[*] then
[*] res=`scp -r $file $2:$file`
[*] if [ -z $res ]
[*] then
[*] echo $file >> ${DATE}_upload.log
[*] fi
[*] fi
[*] done
[*] else
[*] echo "no file" >> ${DATE}_error.log
[*] fi
上传成功后，返回的是一个空行，上传不成功，什么都不返回
3，上传的格式
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] ./file_upload.sh test 192.168.1.13
test是上传列表文件，192.168.1.13文件要传到的地方。
0
转载请注明
作者:海底苍鹰
地址:http://blog.51yip.com/linux/1356.html
1. 转换文件大小写：
A script to convert the specified filenames to lower case.
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] #!/bin/sh
[*] # lowerit
[*] # convert all file names in the current directory to lower case
[*] # only operates on plain files--does not change the name of directories
[*] # will ask for verification before overwriting an existing file
[*] for x in `ls`
[*] do
[*] if [ ! -f $x ]; then
[*] continue
[*] fi
[*] lc=`echo $x| tr '' ''`
[*] if [ $lc != $x ]; then
[*] mv -i $x $lc
[*] fi
[*] done
or
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] if test $# = 0
[*] then
[*] echo "Usage $0: " 1>&2
[*] exit 1
[*] fi
[*]
[*] for filename in "$@"
[*] do
[*] new_filename=`echo "$filename" | tr A-Z a-z`
[*] test "$filename" = "$new_filename" && continue
[*] if test -r "$new_filename"
[*] then
[*] echo "$0: $new_filename exists" 1>&2
[*] elif test -e "$filename"
[*] then
[*] mv "$filename" "$new_filename"
[*] else
[*] echo "$0: $filename not found" 1>&2
[*] fi
[*] done
2. 看网站 Watch a Website
A script to repeated download a webpage until it matches a regex then notify an e-mail address.
For example to get e-mail when Kesha tickets (not for yourself of course) go on sale you might run:
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] % watch_website.sh http://ticketek.com.au/ 'Ke+ha' andrewt@cse.unsw.edu.au
[*]
[*]
[*] repeat_seconds=300#check every 5 minutes
[*]
[*] if test $# = 3
[*] then
[*] url=$1
[*] regexp=$2
[*] email_address=$3
[*] else
[*] echo "Usage: $0" 1>&2
[*] exit 1
[*] fi
[*]
[*] while true
[*] do
[*] if wget -O- -q "$url"|egrep "$regexp" >/dev/null
[*] then
[*] echo "Generated by $0" | mail -s "$url now matches $regexp" $email_address
[*] exit 0
[*] fi
[*] sleep $repeat_seconds
[*] done
3. 转GIF到PNG convert GIF files to PNG
This scripts converts GIF files to PNG files via the intermediate PPM format.
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] if [ $# -eq 0 ]
[*] then
[*] echo "Usage: $0 files..." 1>&2
[*] exit 1
[*] fi
[*]
[*] if ! type giftopnm 2>/dev/null
[*] then
[*] echo "$0: conversion tool giftopnm not found " 1>&2
[*] exit 1
[*] fi
[*]
[*] # missing "in ..." defaults to in "$@"
[*] for f
[*] do
[*] case "$f" in
[*] *.gif)
[*] # OK, do nothing
[*] ;;
[*] *)
[*] echo "gif2png: skipping $f, not GIF"
[*] continue
[*] ;;
[*] esac
[*]
[*] dir=`dirname "$f"`
[*] base=`basename "$f" .gif`
[*] result="$dir/$base.png"
[*]
[*] giftopnm "$f" | pnmtopng > $result && echo "wrote $result"
[*] done
4.计数 Counting
A utility script to print the sub-range of integers specified by its arguments.
Useful to use on the command line or from other scripts
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] if test $# = 1
[*] then
[*] start=1
[*] finish=$1
[*] elif test $# = 2
[*] then
[*] start=$1
[*] finish=$2
[*] else
[*] echo "Usage: $0" 1>&2
[*] exit 1
[*] fi
[*]
[*] for argument in "$@"
[*] do
[*] if echo "$argument"|egrep -v '^-?+$' >/dev/null
[*] then
[*] echo "$0: argument '$argument' is not an integer" 1>&2
[*] exit 1
[*] fi
[*] done
[*]
[*] number=$start
[*] while test $number -le $finish
[*] do
[*] echo $number
[*] number=`expr $number + 1` # or number=$(($number + 1))
[*] done
5. 字频率 Word Frequency
Count the number of time each different word occurs in the files given as arguments.
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] sed 's/ /\n/g' "$@"| # convert to one word per line
[*] tr A-Z a-z| # map uppercase to lower case
[*] sed "s/[^a-z']//g"| # remove all characters except a-z and '
[*] egrep -v '^$'| # remove empty lines
[*] sort| # place words in alphabetical order
[*] uniq -c| # use uniq to count how many times each word occurs
[*] sort -n # order words in frequency of occurrance
For example
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] % cd /home/cs2041/public_html/lec/shell/examples
[*] % ./word_frequency.sh dracula.txt|tail
[*] 2124 it
[*] 2440 that
[*] 2486 in
[*] 2549 he
[*] 2911 a
[*] 3600 of
[*] 4448 to
[*] 4740 i
[*] 5833 and
[*] 7843 the
6. Finding
Search $PATH for the specified programs
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] if test $# = 0
[*] then
[*] echo "Usage $0: " 1>&2
[*] exit 1
[*] fi
[*]
[*] for program in "$@"
[*] do
[*] program_found=''
[*] for directory in `echo "$PATH" | tr ':' ' '`
[*] do
[*] f="$directory/$program"
[*] if test -x "$f"
[*] then
[*] ls -ld "$f"
[*] program_found=1
[*] fi
[*] done
[*] if test -z $program_found
[*] then
[*] echo "$program not found"
[*] fi
[*] done
Alternative implementation using while, and a cute use of grep and ||
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] if test $# = 0
[*] then
[*] echo "Usage $0: " 1>&2
[*] exit 1
[*] fi
[*]
[*] for program in "$@"
[*] do
[*] echo "$PATH"|
[*] tr ':' '\n'|
[*] while read directory
[*] do
[*] f="$directory/$program"
[*] if test -x "$f"
[*] then
[*] ls -ld "$f"
[*] fi
[*] done|
[*] egrep '.' || echo "$program not found"
[*] done
And another implementation using while, and a cute use of grep and ||
C代码http://justcoding.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png
[*] if test $# = 0
[*] then
[*] echo "Usage $0: " 1>&2
[*] exit 1
[*] fi
[*] for program in "$@"
[*] do
[*] n_path_components=`echo $PATH|tr -d -c :|wc -c`
[*] index=1
[*] while test $index -le $n_path_components
[*] do
[*] directory=`echo "$PATH"|cut -d: -f$index`
[*] f="$directory/$program"
[*] if test -x "$f"
[*] then
[*] ls -ld "$f"
[*] program_found=1
[*] fi
[*] index=`expr $index + 1`
[*] done
[*] test -n $program_found || echo "$program not found"
[*] done
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