34. PowerShell -- SQL Server的使用(2)
参考：http://www.shangxueba.com/jingyan/105946.html
一、先不用SqlServerCmdletSnapin100这个SnapIn来写几个操作常用数据的脚本
1. 由于有读者问如何用PowerShell显示数据库中表，以下是一个简单函数供参考
#==============================================
# SQL Server 2008 - PowerShell
# 显示用户表
#zivsoft
#==============================================
function ShowCustomizedDataTable{
$SQLSERVER=read-host "Enter SQL Server Name:"
$Database=read-host "Enter Database Name:"
$SqlConnection = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
$CnnString = "Server=$SQLSERVER;Database=$DATABASE;Integrated Security=True"
$SqlConnection.ConnectionString = $CnnString
$SqlCmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand
$SqlCmd.CommandText = "select name from sysobjects where type='u'"
$SqlCmd.Connection = $SqlConnection
$SqlAdapter = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataAdapter
$SqlAdapter.SelectCommand = $SqlCmd
$DataSet = New-Object System.Data.DataSet
$SqlAdapter.Fill($DataSet)
$SqlConnection.Close()
$DataSet.Tables
}
2. 显示SQL查询出来的数据
#==============================================
# SQL Server 2008 - PowerShell
# 显示查询数据内容
#zivsoft
#==============================================
function Get-DataTable($query)
{
$dataSet= new-object "System.Data.DataSet" "DataSetName"
$da = new-object "System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataAdapter" ($query, $CnnString)
$da.Fill($dataSet)
return $dataSet.Tables
}
3. 构建数据库联接字符串
################################################################################### ################
# www.zivsoft.com
# 设置数据库连接字符串
############################################################################################ #######
function global:Set-SqlConnection( $Server = $(Read-Host "SQL Server Name"), $Database = $(Read-Host "Default Database"), $UserName , $Password )
{
#如果用户名和密码都不为空
if( ($UserName -gt $null) -and ($Password -gt $null)) {
$login = "User> }
else {
#采用整合安全机制登陆
$login = "Integrated Security = True"
}
#数据库连接字符串
$SqlConnection.ConnectionString = "Server = $Server; Database = $Database; $login"
}
4. 另一种风格的获取数据库数据
#================================================
# 类似DataTable GetDataTable(String strSQL)
#周利华
#================================================
function global:Get-SqlDataTable( $Query = $(Read-Host "输入SQL语句"))
{
#打开数据库
if (-not ($SqlConnection.State -like "Open")) { $SqlConnection.Open() }
#实例化SQLCommand
$SqlCmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand $Query, $SqlConnection
$SqlAdapter = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataAdapter
$SqlAdapter.SelectCommand = $SqlCmd
$DataSet = New-Object System.Data.DataSet
$SqlAdapter.Fill($DataSet) | Out-Null
$SqlConnection.Close()
#返回数据库表
return $DataSet.Tables
}
二、以上是普通PowerShell通过ADO.NET操作数据库，下面列出更酷的SQL Server集成的PowerShell命 令
先看一下Invoke-Sqlcmd这个关键的cmdlet的帮助信息：
NAME
Invoke-Sqlcmd
SYNOPSIS
Runs a script. containing statements from the languages (Transact-SQL and XQuery) and commands supported by the SQL Server sqlcmd utility.
-------------- Example 1 --------------
C:\PS>Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query "SELECT GETDATE() AS TimeOfQuery;" - ServerInstance "MyComputer\MyInstance"
This example connects to a named instance of the Database Engine on a computer and runs a basic Transact-SQL script.
TimeOfQuery
-----------
10/7/2007 1:04:20 PM
-------------- Example 2 --------------
C:\PS>Invoke-Sqlcmd -InputFile "C:\MyFolder\TestSqlCmd.sql" | Out-File -filePath "C:\MyFolder\TestSqlCmd.rpt"
This example reads a file containing Transact-SQL statements and sqlcmd commands, runs the file, and writes the output to another file. Ensure all output files are secured with the appropriate NTFS permissions.
Output sent to TestSqlCmd.rpt.
-------------- Example 3 --------------
C:\PS>$MyArray = "MYVAR1='String1'", "MYVAR2='String2'"
Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query "SELECT `$(MYVAR1) AS Var1, `$(MYVAR2) AS Var2;" -Variable $MyArray
This example uses an array of character strings as input to the -Variable parameter. The array defines multiple sqlcmd variables. The $ signs in the SELECT statement that> Var1 Var2
---- ----
String1 String2
-------------- Example 4 --------------
C:\PS>Set-Location SQLSERVER:\SQL\MyComputer\MyInstance
Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query "SELECT GETDATE() AS TimeOfQuery;" -ServerInstance (Get-Item .)
This example uses Set-Location to navigate to the SQL Server PowerShell provider path for an instance of the Database Engine. Then the example uses Get-Item to retrieve an SMO Server object for use as the -ServerInstance parameter of Invoke-Sqlcmd.
TimeOfQuery
-----------
10/18/2007 8:49:43 PM
-------------- Example 5 --------------
C:\PS>Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query "PRINT N'abc'" -Verbose
This example uses the PowerShell -Verbose parameter to return the message output of the PRINT command.
VERBOSE: abc
-------------- Example 6 --------------
C:\PS>Set-Location SQLSERVER:\SQL\MyComputer\DEFAULT\Databases\AdventureWorks
Invoke-Sqlcmd "SELECT DB_NAME() AS DatabaseName;"
This examples uses a positional string to supply the input to the -Query parameter. It also shows how Invoke-Sqlcmd uses the current path to set the database context to AdventureWorks.
WARNING: Using provider context. Server = MyComputer, Database = AdventureWorks.
DatabaseName
------------
AdventureWorks
仔细读完这个帮助，发现，上面所有对.NET Framework中ADO.NET的操作全可以用Invoke-Sqlcmd代替 ，非常简洁方便。
比如，获取home数据中所有用户表:
Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query "use home;SELECT name as tablename from sysobjects where xtype='U'" -QueryTimeout 3 | ft -auto
比如，显示home数据库中userinfo表内容：
Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query "use home;SELECT * from UserInfo" -QueryTimeout 3 | ft - auto
最后，补充，如果直接用SQL Server 2008的Management Studio进去打开PowerShell，便可以直接操 作类似Invoke-Sqlcmd的cmdlets，但是如果没有Management Studio怎么办呢？
很简单，用Add-PSSnapin SqlServerCmdletSnapin100轻松搞定。
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