oracle的环境配置-oracle10g的安装过程
Oracle10g安装过程一、环境要求
Linux内核2.6.9以上，RedHat 4.3版本可以满足
物理内存：512M以上，课程要求物理内存1.5G~2G，实在不足就调整到1G
/TMP目录至少有400M空间
磁盘空间：1、安装oracle软件空间1.5G
2、创建数据库至少1G
课程过程中会产生大量的数据，要求Oracle路径下磁盘空间预留20G~30G
二、内核参数设置
/etc/sysctl.conf
1、共享内存
# Controls the maximum shared segment> kernel.shmmax = 68719476736 （64G） --最大的共享内存段大小。单位：字节
安装Oracle的时候想办法将Oracle的使用内存在一个共享内存段内，性能最高。
# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
kernel.shmall = 4294967296 --共享内存段的最大大小，单位：页
32bit Linux 页大小4K
32bit系统支持最大内存4G,2的32次方4294967296字节，实际上最大是3.2G。
按照页大小，这个值默认应该是：1048576
缺省下是1024G。
4294967296--这个是当前64bit系统支持的最大内存量16384G内存
缺省值都是最大的上限，不是实际情况，所以保持默认值即可。
kernel.shmmni = 4096--oracle建议的默认值
kernel.shmmax export EDITOR=vim --表示在oralce管理工具下调用linux文件编辑器的名称
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK --表示oracle用户客户端定义的中文字符集
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS' --表示oracle用户客户端定义的时间显示格式
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$ source .bash_profile --环境变量运行生效
九、安装数据库软件和创建数据库
# xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host--测试调用图形界面环境是否是可用的。
如果客户端安装了xmanager，这个命令会自动将Xmanager - Passive服务启动支持图形界面。
# su - oracle
$ export DISPLAY="10.1.1.250:0.0"--IP地址是客户端的IP地址
$ export LANG=en_US
$ ./runInstaller--执行解压缩目录中的脚本
安装过程参考插图。
注意最后一个步骤要先在root下执行两个脚本后再点击OK。
十、验证
# su - oracle
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus:> Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba--验证数据库
Connected.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition> With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
------------------------验证数据库的监听器-----------------------------------
$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 04-JUN-2014 16:32:54
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 04-JUN-2014 16:19:42
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 13 min. 12 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s). --看到数据库ORCL正在被监听
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCLXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCL_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
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案例：Oracle的启动和关闭
Oracle需要启动两个服务：
1、先把监听器启动。
2、再把数据库启动。
关闭--
$ lsnrctl stop--关闭监听器
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JUN-2014 09:36:58
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
The command completed successfully
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus:> Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown immediate--关闭数据库
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
启动--
$ lsnrctl start--启动监听
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JUN-2014 09:38:27
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 05-JUN-2014 09:38:27
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
$ sqlplus /nolog --打开SQLPLUS工具
SQL*Plus:> Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba --以管理员身份连接
Connected to an> SQL> startup --启动数据库
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area608174080 bytes
Fixed>
Variable> Database Buffers 432013312 bytes
Redo Buffers 2969600 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition> With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
$ lsnrctl status--确认监听器正在监听数据库实例
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JUN-2014 09:38:51
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 05-JUN-2014 09:38:27
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 23 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s). --表示正在监听。“READY”状态
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCLXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCL_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
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通过win客户端访问Oracle Server
1、安装win的Oracle客户端
10201_client_win32
注意--1、安装的模式要选择“管理员”方式 2、用administrator用户安装（可能没有激活，在DOS命令行下激活net user administrator /active:yes）
2、安装PLSQL Developer
PL.SQL.Developer.v7.0.1.1066
注意--安装的路径若包含“（X86）”，要将“（X86）”删掉。
3、本地创建连接串
在“开始”的oracle安装目录中，打开“网络配置助手”，选择“本地Net服务名配置”，填写服务名“ORCL”（数据库名字），填写oracle server的IP地址，端口号默认是1521，其他步骤都是默认，最后填写网络服务名，这个名字自取。
4、测试
掌握三种连接方式：
A 通过Oralce客户端安装后自带的工具--Oracle自带的SQLPlus工具
通过DOS命令行也能打开这个工具
B 通过PLSQL Developer连接
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