oracle的环境配置-网络配置的方法
网络配置的方法：1、tnsname客户端--A 直接修改文件
B 通过客户端工具“网络配置助手”--win端直接打开调用Linux端，netca命令调出配置工具
2、监听器配置--服务器端
客户端配置监听服务室没有任何意义的，因为客户端没有oracle server
监听器配置文件：/u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
服务器端配置一个监听器
$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER1 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
)
) --新的监听器，监听器监听是1522端口
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
一个数据库实例被多个监听器监听案例
$ lsnrctlstatus--默认打开的是LISTENER
$ lsnrctl status LISTENER1--打开的是第二个监听器
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2014 14:28:42
Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER1
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 06-JUN-2014 14:26:15
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 26 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener1.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
将ORCL注册到第二个监听器：
修改监听器配置文件：
LISTENER1 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME=ORCL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
)
)
通过监听器2访问：创建一个1522端口的连接串访问。
LISTENER1（1522） LISTENER（1521）
| |
---------------------------
|
ORCL
|
Oracle软件
并发访问：一个群组通过1521访问，一个群组通过1522访问.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
一个监听器监听多个端口案例
方法1：服务器端用netmgr工具添加端口
$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER1 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1527))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1528))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1529))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1530))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = ORCL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1523))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1524))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1525))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1526))
)
)
方法2：直接改这个配置文件
另外两个监听器都需要配置SID_LIST_串，监听器配置文件最终：
$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER1 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1527))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1528))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1529))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1530))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = ORCL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1523))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1524))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1525))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1526))
)
)
架构图：
LISTENER1（1522、1527~1530） LISTENER（1521、1523~1526）
| |
----------------------------------------------
|
ORCL
|
Oracle软件
尝试通过不同的监听器不同的端口访问oracle server
$ lsnrctl status LISTENER
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2014 14:54:41
Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 06-JUN-2014 14:48:35
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 6 min. 5 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1523)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1524)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1525)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1526)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 2 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCLXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCL_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
$ lsnrctl status LISTENER1
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2014 14:54:47
Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER1
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 06-JUN-2014 14:49:08
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 5 min. 39 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener1.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1527)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1528)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1529)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1530)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
静态注册--监听参数是手工添加的，启动监听后强制将ORCL注册到监听器。由于是强制的，只能确认监听器是正确的，但是
数据库不一定访问通，所以状态为UNKNOW。但是能否访问不是和这个状态有关系的。
动态注册--根据监听配置文件中的配置，由oracle的后台进程pmon将ORCL注册到监听器，而且是一定能访问通的，因为 PMON进程会测试。但是PMON不是时时刻刻都去注册的，有时间间隔，所以先启动数据库再启动监听不一定
马上监到， 有时间的延迟，因为pmon的工作是有时间间隔的。一旦监听到，状态为ready，即一定能访问通。
$ ps -ef|grep ora_pmon
oracle 9190 10 11:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_ORCL
Oracle默认监听的注册方法是动态注册，即往默认的监听器LISTENER上注册，listener.ora文件中不需要SID_LIST_LISTENER即可。但是静态注册必须要SID_LIST_LISTENER串和LISTENER串。
LISTENER1 = --LISTENER1静态注册
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1527))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1528))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1529))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1530))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = ORCL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
)
)
LISTENER = --LISTENER动态注册
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1523))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1524))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1525))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1526))
)
)
可以改变默认的注册监听器：即将默认的监听器由LISTENER改为LISTENER1（LISTENER1改为动态的，LISTENER改为静态的），需要做以下几步：
step1：在oracle server的tnsname.ora文件中配置一个连接串：
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.3.3)(PORT = 1522)) --1522对应的监听器是非默认的LISTENER1
)
)
step2：修改oracle参数：
SQL>> 系统已更改。 --这样oracle默认往1522对应的监听器上做动态注册。
step3：修改listener.ora文件
$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER1 = --LISTENER1变为动态注册
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1527))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1528))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1529))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1530))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER = --LISTENER变为静态注册
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = ORCL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1523))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1524))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1525))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1526))
)
)
step4：动态注册不能马上生效，要等pmon进程，有延迟，但是可以强制马上
SQL>> 系统已更改。
step5：确认
$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2014 16:05:49
Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 06-JUN-2014 15:46:21
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 19 min. 28 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1523)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1524)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1525)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1526)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... --LISTENER为静态注册
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
$ lsnrctl status LISTENER1
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2014 16:06:24
Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER1
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 06-JUN-2014 15:46:28
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 19 min. 56 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener1.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1527)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1528)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1529)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1530)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... --LISTENER1为动态注册
Service "ORCLXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCL_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
注意：
1、一个实例只能有一个动态注册监听器，可以有多个静态注册的监听器。
2、动态注册监听器在某些时候是不可用的，pmon休息的时候，此时需要加一个静态注册监听，这样保证数据库可以时时刻刻对外访问。
3、多个监听器可以均衡访问的负载
4、到底用默认还是非默认的监听器做动态注册，取决于local_listener参数，默认是NULL，表示默认LISTENER是动态注册的，如果有值，根据值找到动态注册的监听器。
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