oracle RMAN 参数文件备份恢复
参数文件的备份：两种方式：
第一种：明确指定备份参数文件；
第二种：配置控制文件的自动备份；
RMAN> backup spfile;
Starting backup at 25-JUN-13
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=40 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 25-JUN-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 25-JUN-13
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL11G/backupset/2013_06_25/o1_mf_nnsnf_TAG20130625T111345_8wl2qb87_.bkp tag=TAG20130625T111345 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 25-JUN-13
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 25-JUN-13
piece handle=/u01/app/backup/c-923506654-20130625-05 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 25-JUN-13
o1_mf_nnsnf_TAG20130625T111345_8wl2qb87_.bkp备份片的名称的解析：
nnsnf：
a: archivelog 归档日志
c：controlfile 控制文件
s：spfile 参数文件
d：datafile 数据文件
n：表示该位置no
参数文件备份的信息查看：
RMAN> list backup of spfile;
***************************************************
参数文件的恢复：
1.没有备份
手动创建一个参数文件;
从alert日志中提取相应的信息；
从文档当中，获取一个模板，修改对应的信息；
2.有备份
实例正在运行的时候，参数文件丢失：
SYS@orcl11g> create spfile='/tmp/spfile.ora' from memory;-- 11g的功能
实例关闭之后，参数文件丢失；
$ echo $ORACLE_SID
orcl11g
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Jun 25 11:28:30 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SYS@orcl11g> startup;
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/initorcl11g.ora'
--找不到参数文件的报错信息
$ echo $ORACLE_SID
orcl11g
$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Jun 25 11:29:10 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN>
--通过rman启动一个伪实例
RMAN> startup nomount;
startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/initorcl11g.ora'
starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 159019008 bytes
Fixed Size 1343612 bytes
Variable Size 75501444 bytes
Database Buffers 79691776 bytes
Redo Buffers 2482176 bytes
RMAN> restore spfile from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL11G/backupset/2013_06_25/o1_mf_nnsnf_TAG20130625T111345_8wl2qb87_.bkp';
-- restore spfile from ‘/path/to/backupspfile';明确指定备份的spfile文件的绝对路径
Starting restore at 25-JUN-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL11G/backupset/2013_06_25/o1_mf_nnsnf_TAG20130625T111345_8wl2qb87_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 25-JUN-13
--关闭伪实例
RMAN> shutdown abort;
Oracle instance shut down
--然后正常启动
RMAN> startup;
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