oracle工具之nid命令的使用
当我们手动copy了整个数据库，并通过重建控制文件给数据库指定了新的dbname，但是却不能给数据库分配新的dbid.对于以上问题我们可以通过nid命令来对数据库分配一个全新的dbid。同时需要注意rman也是通过dbid来区分数据库。一 命令解释
$ nidhelp=yes
DBNEWID:> Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.
Keyword Description (Default)
----------------------------------------------------
TARGET Username/Password (NONE) 指定连接数据库的用户名和密码
DBNAME New database name (NONE)DBNAME=new_db_name 改变数据库的名字
LOGFILE Output Log (NONE) LOGFILE=logfile指定输出消息到指定的日志文件，默认nid覆盖之前的日子文件
REVERT Revert failed change NO指定yes表明更改dbid失败时能够恢复之前的状态
SETNAME Set a new database name only NO指定yes表明仅仅更改数据库db_name
APPEND Append to output log NO指定yes标识输出追加到已经存在的日志文件
HELP Displays these messages NO指定yes显示帮助信息
注意：可以同时更改数据库的dbid和db_name，也可以仅改变数据库的db_name、抑或仅更改数据库的dbid。语法分别如下：
改变dbid和db_name : nid target=sys/dhhzdhhzdbname=crm_test （也可以target=/）
仅改变db_name:nid target=sys/dhhzdhhz dbname=crm_testsetname=yes （也可以target=/）
仅更改dbid： nid target=sys/dhhzdhhz （也可以target=/）
二 使用nid的注意事项
1 确保有能够对数据库进行完全恢复的备份。
2 确保执行更改dbid操作时数据库处于mounted状态且mounted之前数据库是经过shutdown immediate关闭的。
3 使用nid更改数据库的dbid后，数据库需要alter database open resetlogs启动，启动之后须对数据库进行一次全备份，因为之前的备份和归档已经不能再使用了。
4 使用nid更改数据库dbname后，需更改初始化参数文件中的DB_NAME参数并重建密码文件。
5 使用nid不能更改全局数据库名。
6 确保所有数据文件处于online状态且不需要恢复。
7 尽量确保oracle没有离线的数据文件和只读表空间，如果有使其正常化。
三 举两个例子
eg1：仅更改数据库dbid
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1252663296 bytes
Fixed>
Variable> Database Buffers 318767104 bytes
Redo Buffers 8921088 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition> With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
$ nid target=sys
DBNEWID:> Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to database CRM (DBID=3599153036)
Connected to server version 11.2.0
Control Files in database:
/oracle/CRM/control03.ctl
Change database> Proceeding with operation
Changing database> Control File /oracle/CRM/control03.ctl - modified
Datafile /oracle/CRM/system01.db - dbid changed
Datafile /oracle/CRM/sysaux01.db - dbid changed
Datafile /oracle/CRM/zx.db - dbid changed
Datafile /oracle/CRM/users01.db - dbid changed
Datafile /oracle/CRM/pos.db - dbid changed
Datafile /oracle/CRM/erp.db - dbid changed
Datafile /oracle/CRM/user01.db - dbid changed
Datafile /oracle/CRM/undotbs03.db - dbid changed
Datafile /oracle/CRM/crm.db - dbid changed
Datafile /oracle/CRM/jxc.db - dbid changed
Datafile /oracle/CRM/temp01.db - dbid changed
Control File /oracle/CRM/control03.ctl - dbid changed
Instance shut down
Database> All previous backups and archived redo logs for this database are unusable.
Database has been shutdown, open database with RESETLOGS option.
Succesfully changed database> DBNEWID - Completed succesfully.
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus:> Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.All rights reserved.
Connected to an> SQL> startupmount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1252663296 bytes
Fixed>
Variable> Database Buffers 318767104 bytes
Redo Buffers 8921088 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL>>
Database> SQL> select dbid,name from v$database;
DBID NAME
---------- ---------
3641774948 CRM
eg2 ：仅更改数据库db_name
oracle@source ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus:> Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition> With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1252663296 bytes
Fixed>
Variable> Database Buffers 335544320 bytes
Redo Buffers 8921088 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition> With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
oracle@source ~]$ nid target=sys dbname=CRM_TEST setname=YES
DBNEWID:> Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to database CRM (DBID=3641774948)
Connected to server version 11.2.0
Control Files in database:
/oracle/CRM/control03.ctl
Change database name of database CRM to CRM_TEST? (Y/) => y
Proceeding with operation
Changing database name from CRM to CRM_TEST
Control File /oracle/CRM/control03.ctl - modified
Datafile /oracle/CRM/system01.db - wrote new name
Datafile /oracle/CRM/sysaux01.db - wrote new name
Datafile /oracle/CRM/zx.db - wrote new name
Datafile /oracle/CRM/users01.db - wrote new name
Datafile /oracle/CRM/pos.db - wrote new name
Datafile /oracle/CRM/erp.db - wrote new name
Datafile /oracle/CRM/user01.db - wrote new name
Datafile /oracle/CRM/undotbs03.db - wrote new name
Datafile /oracle/CRM/crm.db - wrote new name
Datafile /oracle/CRM/jxc.db - wrote new name
Datafile /oracle/CRM/temp01.db - wrote new name
Control File /oracle/CRM/control03.ctl - wrote new name
Instance shut down
Database name changed to CRM_TEST.
Modify parameter file and generate a new password file before restarting.
Succesfully changed database name.
DBNEWID - Completed succesfully.
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus:> Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.All rights reserved.
Connected to an> SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1252663296 bytes
Fixed>
Variable> Database Buffers 335544320 bytes
Redo Buffers 8921088 bytes
SQL>>
System> $orapwd file="$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID" password=dhhzdhhz force=y
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus:> Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition> With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> startup force open;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1252663296 bytes
Fixed>
Variable> Database Buffers 335544320 bytes
Redo Buffers 8921088 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select dbid,name from v$database;
DBID NAME
---------- ---------
3641774948 CRM_TEST
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