安装Oracle 11g R2 RAC DataGuard-Linux一万小时
一、准备dataguard数据库服务器1、准备操作系统
注：建议安装oracle数据库使用oracle linux操作系统，本实例以oracle linux 6.8做为操作系统。
#关闭iptables
chkconfig iptables off
#关闭selinux
vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=disabled
#将主机名添加到hosts文件
vim /etc/hosts
188.188.1.141 scan-cluster.localdomain scan-cluster
188.188.1.139 dataguard.localdomain dataguard
188.188.1.142 oraclerac01.localdomain oraclerac01
188.188.1.144 oraclerac01-vip.localdomain oraclerac01-vip
10.10.1.142 oraclerac01-priv.localdomain oraclerac01-priv
188.188.1.143 oraclerac02.localdomain oraclerac02
188.188.1.145 oraclerac02-vip.localdomain oraclerac02-vip
10.10.1.143 oraclerac02-priv.localdomain oraclerac02-priv
#重启服务器
reboot
2、初始化操作系统，执行以下脚本
#用户初始化脚本preusers.sh
注：grid用户的ORACLE_SID必须为+ASM，ORACLE_HOSTNAME、ORACLE_SID、ORACLE_UNQNAME做相应的更改
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#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Create 6 groups named 'oinstall','dba','asmadmin','asmdba','asmoper','oper', plus 2 users named 'oracle','grid'.
#Also setting the Environment
#variable for oracle user.
#variable for grid user.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./1preusers.sh
#Author:Asher Huang
echo "Now create 6 groups named 'oinstall','dba','asmadmin','asmdba','asmoper','oper'"
echo "Plus 2 users named 'oracle','grid',Also setting the Environment"
groupadd -g 1000 oinstall
groupadd -g 1200 asmadmin
groupadd -g 1201 asmdba
groupadd -g 1202 asmoper
useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper -d /home/grid -s /bin/bash -c "grid Infrastructure Owner" grid
echo "grid" | passwd --stdin grid
#echo 'export PS1="`/bin/hostname -s`-> "'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export TMP=/tmp">> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo 'export TMPDIR=$TMP'>>/home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_SID=+ASM">> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid">> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid">> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_TERM=xterm">> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss'" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo 'export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo 'export> echo "export EDITOR=vi" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "umask 022">> /home/grid/.bash_profile
groupadd -g 1300 dba
groupadd -g 1301 oper
useradd -u 501 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash -c "Oracle Software Owner" oracle
echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle
#echo 'export PS1="`/bin/hostname -s`-> "'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export TMP=/tmp">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export TMPDIR=$TMP'>>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracledb">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_SID=bbdg">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_UNQNAME=bbdg">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_TERM=xterm">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export> echo "export EDITOR=vi" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss'" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "umask 022">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "The Groups and users has been created"
echo "The Environment for grid,oracle also has been set successfully"
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#创建目录脚本predir.sh
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#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Create the necessary directory for oracle,grid users and change the authention to oracle,grid users.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./2predir.sh
#Author:Asher Huang
echo "Now create the necessary directory for oracle,grid users and change the authention to oracle,grid users..."
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/11.2.0
chmod -R 775 /u01
echo "The necessary directory for oracle,grid users and change the authention to oracle,grid users has been finished"
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#修改limits脚本prelimits.sh
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#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Change the /etc/security/limits.conf.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./3prelimits.sh
#Author:Asher Huang
echo "Now modify the /etc/security/limits.conf,but backup it named /etc/security/limits.conf.bak before"
cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.bak
echo "oracle soft nproc 2047" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle soft nofile 1024" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "grid soft nproc 2047" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "grid hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "grid soft nofile 1024" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "grid hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "Modifing the /etc/security/limits.conf has been succeed."
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#修改login脚本prelogin.sh
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#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Modify the /etc/pam.d/login.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./4prelimits.sh
#Author:Asher Huang
echo "Now modify the /etc/pam.d/login,but with a backup named /etc/pam.d/login.bak"
cp /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/login.bak
echo "session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so" >>/etc/pam.d/login
echo "session required pam_limits.so" >>/etc/pam.d/login
echo "Modifing the /etc/pam.d/login has been succeed."
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#修改profile脚本preprofile.sh
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#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Modify the /etc/profile.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./5preprofile.sh
#Author:Asher Huang
echo "Now modify the/etc/profile,but with a backup named/etc/profile.bak"
cp /etc/profile /etc/profile.bak
echo 'if [ $USER = "oracle" ]||[ $USER = "grid" ]; then' >>/etc/profile
echo 'if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then' >> /etc/profile
echo 'ulimit -p 16384' >> /etc/profile
echo 'ulimit -n 65536' >> /etc/profile
echo 'else' >> /etc/profile
echo 'ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536' >> /etc/profile
echo 'fi' >> /etc/profile
echo 'fi' >> /etc/profile
echo "Modifing the /etc/profile has been succeed."
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#修改内核参数脚本presysctl.sh
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#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Modify the /etc/sysctl.conf.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./6presysctl.sh
#Author:Asher Huang
echo "Now modify the /etc/sysctl.conf,but with a backup named /etc/sysctl.bak"
cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak
echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmall = 2097152" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmax = 1054472192" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048586" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304 4194304 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "Modifing the /etc/sysctl.conf has been succeed."
echo "Now make the changes take effect....."
sysctl -p
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3、配置ASM磁盘组
注：由于oracle rac使用了asm存储数据文件，单实例数据库也使用asm存储数据库文件，磁盘组需要与RAC磁盘组一致，方便还原
#磁盘分区
fdisk /dev/sd*
n-p-1-w
#安装asm
yum install -y kmod-oracleasm-2.0.8-13.el6_8.x86_64.rpm oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
#创建asm磁盘
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# oracleasm status
# oracleasm configure -i
Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.
This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library
driver.The following questions will determine whether the driver is
loaded on boot and what permissions it will have.The current values
will be shown in brackets ('[]').Hittingwithout typing an
answer will keep that current value.Ctrl-C will abort.
Default user to own the driver interface []: grid
Default group to own the driver interface []: asmadmin
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) : y
Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) : y
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done
# oracleasm init
# oracleasm configure
# oracleasm listdisks
# oracleasm createdisk VOL1 /dev/sdb1
# oracleasm querydisk /dev/sd*
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4、安装必备rpm
yum install -y binutils elfutils-libelf glibc compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 libgcc unixODBCglibc.i686 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc-c++ libaio-devel libstdc++-devel unixODBC-devel pdksh xorg-x11-* compat-libcap1 ksh-20100621
5、安装grid
注：新打开一个未登录xshell窗口，使用grid账户登录，如果直接从root切换到grid账户,则xshell无法打开安装grid图像化界面
ssh grid@188.188.1.120
cd grid/
./runInstaller
#创建和rac数据库一样的磁盘组
asmca
#修改u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
注：如果不修改权限则无法向asm写入文件
chown oracle.asmadmin /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
chmod 6555 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
6、安装oracle，只需安装软件，不创建数据库
注：新打开一个未登录xshell窗口，使用oracle账户登录，如果直接从root切换到oracle账户,则xshell无法打开安装oracle图像化界面
ssh oracle@188.188.1.120
cd database/
./runInstaller
二、准备数据库RMAN备份
注：先备份数据库和归档日志，再备份控制文件，因为rman备份信息存储在控制文件中
#执行RMAN备份
su - grid
rman target /
backup as compressed backupset database format '/tmp/backup/Full_%U.bak';
backup as compressed backupset archivelog all format '/tmp/backup/ARC_%U.bak';
backup device type disk format '/tmp/backup/standby_%U.ctl' current controlfile;
#生成初始化参数文件
su - oracle
sqlplus / as sysdba
create pfile='/tmp/backup/initbbdg.ora' from spfile;
#拷贝密码文件
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwbbdg1 /tmp/backup
#将备份传到oracle单实例数据库
注：备份文件传到的目录必须rman备份的目录一致，且目录/tmp/backup及里面的文件必须属于oracle.oinstall，否则无法还原
scp -r /tmp/backup oracle@188.188.1.120:/tmp
三、还原数据库
1、创建密码文件
su - oracle
cp /tmp/backup/orapwbbdg1 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwbbdg
2、创建初始化参数文件
cp /tmp/backup /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initbbdg.ora
vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initbbdg.ora
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bbdg.__db_cache_size=255852544
bbdg.__java_pool_size=4194304
bbdg.__large_pool_size=4194304
bbdg.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
bbdg.__pga_aggregate_target=419430400
bbdg.__sga_target=423624704
bbdg.__shared_io_pool_size=0
bbdg.__shared_pool_size=146800640
bbdg.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/bbdg/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.cluster_database=false
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='+data_vg/bbdg/controlfile/cont.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/bbdg/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='+data_vg'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_name_convert='+data_vg/bbsvr/','+data_vg/bbdg/'
*.db_name='bbsvr'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='+FRA_VG'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032
*.db_unique_name='bbdg'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=bbdgXDB)'
*.fal_client='bbdg'
*.fal_server='bbsvri1'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(bbsvr,bbdg)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=bbdg'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=bbsvr valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=bbsvri1'
*.log_archive_format='ARC_%t_%S_%r.arc'
*.log_file_name_convert='+data_vg/bbsvr/','+data_vg/bbdg/'
*.memory_target=842006528
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.service_names='bbdg'
*.standby_file_management='auto'
*.thread=1
*.undo_management='auto'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
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3、还原控制文件和数据库
su - oracle
rman target /
startup nomount;
restore standby controlfile from '/tmp/backup/standby_%U.ctl';
alter database mount;
restore database;
alter database open;
4、备库上创建standby logfile
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5>
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 8> 5、主库参数调整
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=bbdg lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=bbdg' sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(bbsvr,bbdg) 'sid='*';
6、查看备库接收主库日志
select sequence#,name, applied from v$archived_log;
7、备库开始应用日志
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
8、以只读模式打开
alter database recover managed standby database concel;
alter database open;
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
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