CentOS5.6（64位）安装oracle 10g
1、安装环境需求1.1-磁盘空间需求
/tmp 不能少于1GB
df –h /tmp
查看磁盘空间
df -h
1.2-RPM包需求
On Linux X86:
binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125
gcc-4.1.2
gcc-c++-4.1.2
glibc-2.5-24
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-headers-2.5
kernel-headers-2.6.18
ksh-20060214
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106
libgcc-4.1.2
libgomp-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2
make-3.81
sysstat-7.0.2
unixODBC-2.2.11(32 bit)
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11(32 bit)
pdksh-5.2.14
numactl-0.9.8
libXp-1.0.0
libXp-devel-1.0.0
libXau-devel-1.0.1
On Linux X86-64:
binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3(32 bit)
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125
expat-1.95.8
gcc-4.1.2
gcc-c++-4.1.2
glibc-2.5-24
glibc-2.5-24(32 bit)
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-headers-2.5
kernel-headers-2.6.18
ksh-20060214
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-0.3.106(32 bit)
libaio-devel-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106(32 bit)
libgcc-4.1.2
libgcc-4.1.2(32 bit)
libgomp-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2(32 bit)
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2
make-3.81
sysstat-7.0.2
unixODBC-2.2.11(32 bit)
unixODBC-2.2.11(64 bit)
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11(64 bit)
pdksh-5.2.14
numactl-0.9.8(64 bit)
检测包是否安装
rpm –q package_name
在线下载安装包
yum –y install package_name
yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers kernel-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libgomp libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh numactl libXp libXp-devel libXau-devel
1.3-Core文件编辑
修改/etc/profile文件，将
ulimit -s -c 0 > /dev/null 2>&1
修改为：
ulimit -s -c unlimited > /dev/null 2>&1
vi /etc/profile
按下i键进入编辑模式，修改之后，按ESC进入命令模式，输入”:wq”保存退出；
1.4-创建用户和用户组
创建用户组:oinstall,dba,oper,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper
/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd dba
/usr/sbin/groupadd oper
/usr/sbin/groupadd asmdba
创建用户：oracle,
/usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle
passwd oracle
1.5-修改oracle用户资源限制
修改/etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 65536
oracle hard nproc 65536
oracle soft nofile 65536
oracle hard nofile 65536
在/etc/pam.d/login增加下列参数
session required pam_limits.so
1.6-配置内核参数
修改/etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
fs.suid_dumpable = 1
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
以上参数为最小值需求，如果实际值大于最小值，则以实际值为准。
运行命令使参数生效
/sbin/sysctl –p
运行命令，确认参数已生效
/sbin/sysctl –a
1.7-创建目录及分配权限
mkdir -p /data/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle
chmod -R 775 /data/oracle
1.8-配置用户环境变量
修改系统版本信息:/etc/redhat-release
将CentOS>
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS> (oracle 10不支持5)
修改/etc/hosts参数，增加
192.168.56.101localhost.localdomain localhost
192.168.56.101为机器的静态IP
关闭SELINUX模式
编辑/etc/selinux/config
修改SELINUX= disabled
切换到oracle用户
su – oracle
修改/home/oracle/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle
export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=vbora10g
export ORACLE_SID
NLS_LANG=american_america.UTF8
export NLS_LANG
LANG=en_US
export LANG
TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export TNS_ADMIN
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/common/oracle/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export> umask 022
保存退出。
载入环境变量：
source .bash_profile
1.9、Oracle 安装
切换到root权限
su –
xhost +
进入oracle压缩包所在目录，解压缩安装包
gzip –d 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
cpio -idmv < 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio
切换到oracle用户，进入oracle安装文件目录，运行
./runInstaller
开始图形安装oracle
安装完毕后运行命令
/data/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh
2.0、数据库配置
配置 /etc/oratab
修改为
ORCL:/data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y
配置$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/linstener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = vbora10g)
(ORACLE_HOME = /data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = vbora10g)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.20.220.247)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)
配置$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
ORA10G =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.20.220.247)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = vbora10g)
)
)
EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = PLSExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)
配置数据库和监听自动启动
切换到root权限
vi /etc/oratab
修改
vbora10g:/data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:N
为
vbora10g:/data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y
su - oracle
cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
vi dbstart
修改
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle
为
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
su - root
cd /etc/rc.d/init.d/
vi oradbstart
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: 345 99 10
# description: Startup Script for Oracle Databases
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/oradbstart
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=vbora10g
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
case "$1" in
start)
su oracle -c $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart
touch /var/lock/oracle
echo "OK"
;;
stop)
echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: "
su oracle -c $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut
rm -f /var/lock/oracle
echo "OK"
;;
*)
echo "Usage: 'basename $0' start|stop"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
保存退出
su - root
chown oracle.oinstall /etc/rc.d/init.d/oradbstart
chmod 775 /etc/rc.d/init.d/oradbstart
chkconfig --add oradbstart
chkconfig --list oradbstart
启动数据库：
/etc/init.d/oradbstart start
新建库：
用oracle用户登录，在终端输入dbca命令，图形界面建数据库
通过sqlplus管理工具手工启动和关闭数据库，首先执行如下命令进入sqlplus并连接数据库。
$export ORACLE_SID= vbora10g //指定使用的数据库名称
$export NLS_LANG=anerican_america.zhs16gbk//指定sqlplus中使用的语言
$sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn sys as sysdba //以sys用户登录数据库
Enter password： //输入sys用户的密码
Connected.//登录成功
如果要启动数据库，可在sqlplus中执行startup命令，
SQL> conn sys as sysdba
Enter password:
Connected to an> SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1224736768 bytes
Fixed> 2020384 bytes
Variable> 318770144 bytes
Database Buffers 889192448 bytes
Redo Buffers 14753792 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
如果要关闭数据库，执行如下命令：
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
数据库启动成功后，用户只能在本地服务器上对数据库访问，如果要通过网络访问数据库，还要启动网络监听程序。
$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 12-MAR-2012 00:17:44
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.All rights reserved.
Starting /data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.20.220.247)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.20.220.247)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 12-MAR-2012 00:17:44
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /data/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.20.220.247)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "vbora10g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "vbora10g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
关闭网络监听程序：
$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 12-MAR-2012 00:18:25
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.20.220.247)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully
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