oracle dataguard搭建
Technorati 标签: oracle,dataguard,duplicate,主备,standby,primary 第一次搭建oracle dataguard。学oracle很长时间，却没有完整的搭过dg，说起来让人笑。总得有第一次，而且第一次总是很痛苦的。感谢庄哥和群内的朱老师的指点，也感谢公司同事标哥的支持。数据库版本：
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition>
PL/SQL> CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
一、两台机器平台信息
node248
# uname -a
Linux node248.gewara 2.6.18-194.el5 #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:39 EDT 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
# hostname
node248.gewara
# hostname -i
192.168.2.248
node249
Linux node249.gewara 2.6.18-194.el5 #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:39 EDT 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
# hostname
node249.gewara
# hostname -i
192.168.2.249
二、node248建库
用dbca工具，用oracle自带的模板，不带sample schema，不用em，开启archive模式，同一管理密码oracle。global name：dbtest.node248.gewara，实例名：dbtest
三、配置主库
SQL>shutdown immediate
SQL>startup mount
SQL>alter database force logging;
SQL>alter database open;
SQL>create pfile=’/tmp/initdbtest.ora’ from spfile;
[*]编辑/tmp/initdbtest.ora，添加如下参数
dbtest.__db_cache_size=671088640
dbtest.__java_pool_size=16777216
dbtest.__large_pool_size=16777216
dbtest.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
dbtest.__pga_aggregate_target=671088640
dbtest.__sga_target=973078528
dbtest.__shared_io_pool_size=0
dbtest.__shared_pool_size=251658240
dbtest.__streams_pool_size=0
*._JOB_QUEUE_INTERVAL=120
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/dbtest/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbtest/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/dbtest/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain='node248.gewara'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=dbtestXDB)'
*.memory_target=1639972864
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=300
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='db248' #必须指定，并且跟备库不同 *.db_name='dbtest'#数据库名，跟实例名最好一致，并且备库数据库名也一致
*.FAL_CLIENT='dbprimary' #*.FAL两个参数，是为主备切换准备的，值都是tns中所配置的tnsname
*.FAL_SERVER='dbstandby'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(db248,db249)' #指定主备库
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archive/ #指定归档日志的存放路径，DB_UNIQUE_NAME为主库的DB_UNIQUE_NAME
VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=db248'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=dbstandby LGWR ASYNC #配置日志传输，DB_UNIQUE_NAME为备库的DB_UNIQUE_NAME
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=db249'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1='ENABLE'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2='ENABLE'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT='%t_%s_%r.arc' #归档日志命名规则*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO' #备库文件管理方式为自动
[*]用pfile启动数据库
SQL>shutdown immediate
SQL>startup pfile=’/tmp/initdbtest.ora’
SQL>create spfile from pfile=’/tmp/initdbtest.ora’
[*]配置监听：修改$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/products/11.2/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = dbtest.node248.gewara)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/products/11.2/db_1)
(SID_NAME = dbtest)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.2.248 )(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
配置好后，启动监听
$lsnrctl start
[*]配置TNS，修改$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
DBSTANDBY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.249)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = dbtest.node249.gewara)
)
)
DBPRIMARY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.248)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = dbtest.node248.gewara)
)
)
DBTEST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.248)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = dbtest.node248.gewara)
)
)
[*]重建密码文件:
主备库的密码文件必须保持一致，并且密码文件必须有固定的格式，具体为$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID
orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=oracle entries=10
密码文件修改后，重启数据库生效
SQL>shutdown immediate
SQL>startup
SYS@dbtest 00:52:32>select * from v$pwfile_users;
USERNAME SYSDB SYSOP SYSAS
------------------------------ ----- ----- -----
SYS TRUETRUEFALSE
sys用户必须在v$pwfile_users中，并且
SYS@dbtest 00:52:32>show parameter passw
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
remote_login_passwordfile string EXCLUSIVE
三、配置备库
[*]创建catalog数据库
用dbca创建数据库，用oracle自带模板，不用em，启用归档，同一管理密码oracle，global name：dbcat1.node249.gewara，实例名：dbcat1
$export $ORACLE_SID=dbcat1
$sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL>create tablespace tbs_rman datafile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbtest/tbs_rman01.dbf’>
SQL>create user rman> SQL>grant connect,resource,recovery_catalog_owner to rman;
SQL>conn rman/rman
SQL>show user
创建catalog
$rman
RMAN>connect catalog rman/rman@dbcat1;
RMAN>create catalog;
[*]创建密码文件，或者直接将主库的密码文件复制过来，放在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/下，更改文件属住为oracle:oinstall
orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwdbtest password=oracle entries=10
[*]配置TNS，修改$ORACLE_HOME/netword/admin/tnsnames.ora
DBCAT1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.249)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = dbcat1)
)
)
DBPRIMARY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.248)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = dbtest.node248.gewara)
(SID=dbtest)
)
)
DBSTANDBY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.249)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = dbtest.node249.gewara)
)
)
[*]配置监听
修改$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/products/11.2/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = dbtest.node249.gewara)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/products/11.2/db_1)
(SID_NAME = dbtest)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = dbcat1)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/products/11.2/db_1)
(SID_NAME = dbcat1)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.2.249)( PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
启动监听
$lsnrctl start
[*]测试tns是否配置成功
$tnsping dbprimary
$tnsping dbstandby
$tnsping dbcat1
[*]为备库准备pfile
可以把之前为主库准备的pfile拷贝到node249上，做相应修改
# /tmp/initdbtest.ora
dbtest.__db_cache_size=671088640
dbtest.__java_pool_size=16777216
dbtest.__large_pool_size=16777216
dbtest.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
dbtest.__pga_aggregate_target=671088640
dbtest.__sga_target=973078528
dbtest.__shared_io_pool_size=0
dbtest.__shared_pool_size=251658240
dbtest.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/dbtest/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbtest/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/dbtest/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain='node249.gewara'
*.db_name='dbtest'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=dbtestXDB)'
*.memory_target=1639972864
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='db249'
*.FAL_CLIENT='dbstandby'
*.FAL_SERVER='dbprimary'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(db248,db249)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archive/
VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=db249'#这里的DB_UNIQUE_NAME为备库的DB_UNIQUE_NAME
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=dbprimary LGWR ASYNC
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=db248'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1='ENABLE'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2='ENABLE'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT='%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
按照pfile中指定的目录，在oracle用户下，用mkdir –p 命令，创建所有需要的文件夹，保证所有目录的属主为oracle:oinstall。
[*]启动备库到nomount状态：
$export ORACLE_SID=dbtest
$echo $ORACLE_SID
$sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL>startup nomount pfile=’/tmp/initdbtest.ora’
[*]启动rman，用duplicate命令，建立备库
$rman
RMAN>connect catalog rman/rman@dbcat1
RMAN>connect target sys/oracle@dbprimary
RMAN>connect auxiliary sys/oracle@dbstandby
RMAN>register database;
RMAN>duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;
四、添加standby logfile
[*]主库：
SQL>alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbtest/stdy_redo04.log')>
SQL>alter database add standby logfile group 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbtest/stdy_redo05.log')>
SQL>alter database add standby logfile group 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbtest/stdy_redo06.log')>
SQL>alter database add standby logfile group 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbtest/stdy_redo07.log')>
[*]备库：
SQL>alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbtest/stdy_redo04.log')>
SQL>alter database add standby logfile group 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbtest/stdy_redo05.log')>
SQL>alter database add standby logfile group 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbtest/stdy_redo06.log')>
SQL>alter database add standby logfile group 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbtest/stdy_redo07.log')> SQL>shutdown immediate
SQL>startup nomount;
SQL>alter database mount standby database;
五、datagurad管理
[*]启用dataguard
SQL>startup nomount;
SQL>alter database mount standby database;
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
[*]切换为readonly状态
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database concel;
SQL>alter database open read only;
SQL>select * from dual;
[*]主备切换：
主库端：
SQL>alter database commit to switchover to physical standby database with session shutdown;
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup nomount;
SQL>alter database mount standby database;
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
备库端：
SQL>alter database commit to switchover to primary with session shutdown;
SQL>shutdown immediate
SQL>startup
trouble shooting:
ora-00845:
$su – root
#mount –t tmpfs shmfs –o>
页:
[1]