oracle RAC数据库建立STANDBY（三）
这篇文章描述为RAC环境创建STANDBY数据库。由于篇幅限制，加上碰到了很多的bug，只能将文章拆分成多篇。
这章记录一下STANDBY数据库创建过程中碰到的问题。
刚刚在进行RAC环境的DUPLICATE DATABASE的时候，就碰到了很多问题，由于二者命令比较相似，本来认为这次不会碰到太多的问题，没有想到的是，这次碰到的问题居然比DUPLICATE碰到的问题多出一倍。而且基本上所有碰到的问题都是DUPLICATE操作时不曾遇到的。
最开始为了减少麻烦，打算采用SPFILE的方式，并且利用FROM ACTIVE DATABASE，这样可以不用读取备份集：
bash-3.00$ rman target sys/test@172.0.2.54/rac11g.us.oracle.com auxiliary /
恢复管理器:> Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.All rights reserved.
连接到目标数据库: RAC11G(DBID=1712482917)
已连接到辅助数据库: RAC11G(未装载)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby
2> db_file_name_convert '/dev/vx/rdsk/datavg', '+DATA/RAC11G'
3> dorecover
4> from active database
5> spfile
6> parameter_value_convert '/dev/vx/rdsk/datavg', '+DATA/RAC11G'
7> set log_file_name_convert '/dev/vx/rdsk/datavg', '+DATA/RAC11G'
8> set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=+DATA/RAC11G'
9> ;
启动Duplicate Db于09-9月-08
使用目标数据库控制文件替代恢复目录
分配的通道: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
通道ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=112设备类型=DISK
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: Duplicate Db命令(在09/09/2008 14:58:26上)失败
RMAN-06217:未使用Net服务名连接到辅助数据库
这个RMAN-6217错误居然在metalink上都找不到，不过好在错误的描述比较清晰，只需要通过连接服务名的方式连接辅助实例即可。
继续尝试：
bash-3.00$ rman target sys/test@172.0.2.54/rac11g.us.oracle.com auxiliary sys/test@rac11g1
恢复管理器:> Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.All rights reserved.
连接到目标数据库: RAC11G(DBID=1712482917)
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00554:内部恢复管理器程序包初始化失败
RMAN-04006:来自辅助数据库的错误: ORA-12514: TNS:监听程序当前无法识别连接描述符中请求的服务
不过这里引发一个问题，由于10g以上默认采用动态注册，由于数据库没有启动，因此动态注册无法启用，没有办法通过服务名连接，只能手工编辑一个SID列表，添加到listener.ora文件中：
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = rac11g1)
(ORACLE_HOME = /data/oracle/product/11.1/database)
)
)
下面重启监听：
$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Solaris: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 09-9月-2008 15:20:43
Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.All rights reserved.
正在连接到(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
命令执行成功
$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Solaris: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 09-9月-2008 15:20:55
Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.All rights reserved.
启动/data/oracle/product/11.1/database/bin/tnslsnr:请稍候...
TNSLSNR for Solaris: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
系统参数文件为/data/oracle/product/11.1/database/network/admin/listener.ora
写入/data/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ser1/listener/alert/log.xml的日志信息
监听: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ser1)(PORT=1521)))
正在连接到(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
LISTENER的STATUS
------------------------
别名 LISTENER
版本 TNSLSNR for Solaris: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
启动日期 09-9月-2008 15:20:55
正常运行时间 0天0小时0分0秒
跟踪级别 off
安全性 ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
监听程序参数文件 /data/oracle/product/11.1/database/network/admin/listener.ora
监听程序日志文件 /data/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ser1/listener/alert/log.xml
监听端点概要...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ser1)(PORT=1521)))
服务摘要..
服务"rac11g1"包含1个例程。
例程"rac11g1",状态UNKNOWN,包含此服务的1个处理程序...
命令执行成功
再次连接错误依旧，这是由于默认配置的RAC环境的TNSNAMES中的服务名对当前不适用，添加一个新的服务名：
RAC11G1_S =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.0.2.62)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SID = rac11g1)
)
)
再次连接，报错没有权限：
bash-3.00$ rman target sys/test@172.0.2.54/rac11g.us.oracle.com auxiliary sys/test@rac11g1_s
恢复管理器:> Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.All rights reserved.
连接到目标数据库: RAC11G(DBID=1712482917)
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00554:内部恢复管理器程序包初始化失败
RMAN-04006:来自辅助数据库的错误: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
最简单的办法是拷贝源数据库的初始化参数文件到当前的节点的$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录中，拷贝完成后，终于可以成功连接RMAN：
bash-3.00$ rman target sys/test@172.0.2.54/rac11g.us.oracle.com auxiliary sys/test@rac11g1_s
恢复管理器:> Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.All rights reserved.
连接到目标数据库: RAC11G(DBID=1712482917)
已连接到辅助数据库: RAC11G(未装载)
执行DUPLICATE时报错：
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby
2> db_file_name_convert '/dev/vx/rdsk/datavg', '+DATA/RAC11G'
3> dorecover
4> from active database
5> spfile
6> parameter_value_convert '/dev/vx/rdsk/datavg', '+DATA/RAC11G'
7> set log_file_name_convert '/dev/vx/rdsk/datavg', '+DATA/RAC11G'
8> set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=+DATA/RAC11G'
9> ;
启动Duplicate Db于09-9月-08
使用目标数据库控制文件替代恢复目录
分配的通道: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
通道ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=37设备类型=DISK
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: Duplicate Db命令(在09/09/2008 15:38:01上)失败
RMAN-06764: Must specify db_unique_name with FOR STANDBY
由于DUPLICATE创建STANDBY的时候会根据命令中指定的参数和源数据库的参数创建出STANDBY数据库的初始化参数，因此这里需要指明DB_UNIQUE_NAME参数，如此之外，应该把所有STANDBY数据库使用的参数配置完成。
除此之外，应该保证STANDBY数据库中配置了源数据库服务名RAC11G，而源数据库中配置了STANDBY数据库服务名RAC11G_S。
再次执行DUPLICATE操作：
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby
2> db_file_name_convert '/dev/vx/rdsk/datavg', '+DATA/RAC11G'
3> dorecover
4> from active database
5> spfile
6> parameter_value_convert '/dev/vx/rdsk/datavg', '+DATA/RAC11G'
7> set log_file_name_convert '/dev/vx/rdsk/datavg', '+DATA/RAC11G'
8> set fal_client='RAC11G_S'
9> set fal_server='RAC11G'
10> set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=+DATA/RAC11GVALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=rac11g_s'
11> set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=rac11gLGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=rac11g'
12> set standby_archive_dest='+DATA/RAC11G'
13> set db_unique_name='rac11g_s'
14> ;
启动Duplicate Db于09-9月-08
使用通道ORA_AUX_DISK_1
内存脚本的内容:
{
backup as copy reuse
file'/data/oracle/product/11.1/database/dbs/orapwrac11g2' auxiliary format
'/data/oracle/product/11.1/database/dbs/orapwrac11g1' file
'/dev/vx/rdsk/datavg/rac11g_spfile' auxiliary format
'+DATA/rac11g/spfilerac11g.ora' ;
sql clone "alter system set spfile= ''+DATA/rac11g/spfilerac11g.ora''";
}
正在执行内存脚本
启动backup于09-9月-08
分配的通道: ORA_DISK_1
通道ORA_DISK_1: SID=484实例=rac11g2设备类型=DISK
DBGANY: Mismatched message length! (krmiduem)
DBGANY: Mismatched message length! (krmiduem)
MAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00601: fatal error in recovery manager
RMAN-03004:执行命令期间出现严重错误
RMAN-00600: internal error, arguments [] [] [] []
RMAN-03009: backup命令(ORA_DISK_1通道上,在09/09/2008 16:06:39上)失败
ORA-17629:无法连接到远程数据库服务器
ORA-17627: ORA-12154: TNS:无法解析指定的连接标识符
ORA-17629:无法连接到远程数据库服务器
这个错误是由于配置源数据库时没有使用VIP地址，而指定了一个实例的PUBLIC地址，这里应该使用VIP，确保RMAN可以同时连接到两个实例上：
bash-3.00$ rman target sys/test@rac11gauxiliary sys/test@rac11g1_s
Recovery Manager:> Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.All rights reserved.
connected to target database: RAC11G(DBID=1712482917)
connected to auxiliary database: RAC11G(not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby
2> db_file_name_convert '/dev/vx/rdsk/datavg', '+DATA/RAC11G'
3> dorecover
4> from active database
5> spfile
6> parameter_value_convert '/dev/vx/rdsk/datavg', '+DATA/RAC11G'
7> set log_file_name_convert '/dev/vx/rdsk/datavg', '+DATA/RAC11G'
8> set fal_client='RAC11G_S'
9> set fal_server='RAC11G'
10> set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=+DATA/RAC11GVALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=rac11g_s'
11> set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=rac11gLGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=rac11g'
12> set standby_archive_dest='+DATA/RAC11G'
13> set db_unique_name='rac11g_s'
;
14>
Starting Duplicate Db at 09-SEP-08
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=38 device type=DISK
contents of Memory Script.:
{
backup as copy reuse
file'/data/oracle/product/11.1/database/dbs/orapwrac11g2' auxiliary format
'/data/oracle/product/11.1/database/dbs/orapwrac11g1' file
'/dev/vx/rdsk/datavg/rac11g_spfile' auxiliary format
'+DATA/rac11g/spfilerac11g.ora' ;
sql clone "alter system set spfile= ''+DATA/rac11g/spfilerac11g.ora''";
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 09-SEP-08
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=611 instance=rac11g1 device type=DISK
RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 09/09/2008 16:11:41
ORA-17629: Cannot connect to the remote database server
ORA-17627: ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect> ORA-17629: Cannot connect to the remote database server
continuing other job steps, job failed will not be re-run
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of Duplicate Db command at 09/09/2008 16:11:41
RMAN-03015: error occurred in stored script. Memory Script
RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 09/09/2008 16:11:41
ORA-17629: Cannot connect to the remote database server
ORA-17627: ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect> ORA-17629: Cannot connect to the remote database server
采用本地配置的LOAD_BALANCE服务名，仍然出现上面的错误，看来最好的方式还是通过ALLOCATE CHANNEL的方式手工分配CHANNEL：
bash-3.00$ rman target sys/test@rac11gauxiliary sys/test@rac11g1_s
Recovery Manager:> Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.All rights reserved.
connected to target database: RAC11G(DBID=1712482917)
connected to auxiliary database: RAC11G(not mounted)
RMAN> run
2> {
3> allocate channel c1 device type disk connect 'sys/test@rac11g1';
4> allocate channel c2 device type disk connect 'sys/test@rac11g2';
5> allocate auxiliary channel ac1 device type disk;
6> allocate auxiliary channel ac2 device type disk;
7> duplicate target database for standby
8> db_file_name_convert '/dev/vx/rdsk/datavg', '+DATA/RAC11G'
9> dorecover
10> from active database
11> spfile
12> parameter_value_convert '/dev/vx/rdsk/datavg', '+DATA/RAC11G'
13> set log_file_name_convert '/dev/vx/rdsk/datavg', '+DATA/RAC11G'
14> set fal_client='RAC11G_S'
15> set fal_server='RAC11G'
16> set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=+DATA/RAC11GVALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=rac11g_s'
17> set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=rac11gLGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=rac11g'
18> set standby_archive_dest='+DATA/RAC11G'
19> set db_unique_name='rac11g_s';
20> }
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=285 instance=rac11g1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=119 instance=rac11g2 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ac1
channel ac1: SID=39 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ac2
channel ac2: SID=36 device type=DISK
Starting Duplicate Db at 09-SEP-08
contents of Memory Script.:
{
backup as copy reuse
file'/data/oracle/product/11.1/database/dbs/orapwrac11g2' auxiliary format
'/data/oracle/product/11.1/database/dbs/orapwrac11g1' file
'/dev/vx/rdsk/datavg/rac11g_spfile' auxiliary format
'+DATA/rac11g/spfilerac11g.ora' ;
sql clone "alter system set spfile= ''+DATA/rac11g/spfilerac11g.ora''";
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 09-SEP-08
RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on c1 channel at 09/09/2008 16:18:44
ORA-17629: Cannot connect to the remote database server
ORA-17627: ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect> ORA-17629: Cannot connect to the remote database server
continuing other job steps, job failed will not be re-run
released channel: c1
released channel: c2
released channel: ac1
released channel: ac2
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of Duplicate Db command at 09/09/2008 16:18:44
RMAN-03015: error occurred in stored script. Memory Script
RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on c2 channel at 09/09/2008 16:18:44
ORA-17629: Cannot connect to the remote database server
ORA-17627: ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect> ORA-17629: Cannot connect to the remote database server
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
这个错误是由于远端配置的tnsnames.ora中存在问题，尝试在源数据库连接目标数据库环境也报错ORA-12154，增加RAC11G1_S服务名后，问题解决：
RAC11G1_S =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.0.2.62)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SID = rac11g1)
)
)
由于错误太多，只能在下一篇文章中继续描述。
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