zjxhx 发表于 2018-10-4 08:42:26

mysql常用操作语句

  mysql常用操作语句 | moon's blog http://www.92csz.com/56/992.html
  1.进入数据库:

[*]mysql -u root -p
[*]mysql -h localhost -u root -p database_name
  2.列出数据库:

[*]show databases;
  3.选择数据库:

[*]use databases_name;
  4.列出数据表:

[*]show tables;
  5.显示表格列的属性:

[*]show columns from table_name;
[*]describe table_name;
  6.导出整个数据库:

[*]mysqldump -u user_name -p database_name > /tmp/file_name
例如:mysqldump -u root -p test_db > d:/test_db.sql
  7.导出一个表:

[*]mysqldump -u user_name -p database_name table_name > /tmp/file_name
  例如:mysqldump -u root -p test_db table1 > d:/table1.sql
  8.导出一个数据库结构:

[*]mysqldump -u user_name -p -d --add-drop-table database_name > file_name
例如:mysqldump -u root -p -d --add-drop-table test_db > test_db.sql
  9.导入数据库:

[*]source file_name;
[*]或
[*]mysql -u user_name -p database_name < file_name
  例如:
  source /tmp/bbs.sql;
  source d:/bbs.sql;
  mysql -u root -p bbs < &quot;d:/bbs.sql&quot;
  mysql -u root -p bbs < &quot;/tmp/bbs.sql&quot;
  10.将文本文件导入数据表中(excel与之相同)

[*]load data infile &quot;tables.txt&quot; into table table_name;
  例如:
  load data infile &quot;/tmp/bbs.txt&quot; into table bbs;
  load data infile &quot;/tmp/bbs.xls&quot; into table bbs;
  load data infile &quot;d:/bbs.txt&quot; into table bbs;
  load data infile &quot;d:/bbs.xls&quot; into table bbs;
  11.将数据表导出为文本文件(excel与之相同)

[*]select * into outfile &quot;path_file_name&quot; from table_name;
  例如:
select * into outfile &quot;/tmp/bbs.txt&quot; from bbs;

select * into outfile &quot;/tmp/bbs.xls&quot; from bbs where>  select * into outfile &quot;d:/bbs.txt&quot; from bbs;

  select * into outfile &quot;d:/bbs.xls&quot; from bbs where>  12.创建数据库时先判断数据库是否存在:

[*]create database if not exists database_name;
  例如:create database if not exists bbs
  13.创建数据库:

[*]create database database_name;
  例如:create database bbs;
  14.删除数据库:

[*]drop database database_name;
  例如:drop database bbs;
  15.创建数据表:

[*]mysql> create table(   ,, ...);
  例如:create table (id int not null auto_increment primary key,name char(16) not null default &quot;jack&quot;,date_year date not null);
  16.删除数据表中数据:

[*]delete from table_name;
  例如:
  delete from bbs;

  delete from bbs where>  17.删除数据库中的数据表:

[*]drop table table_name;
  例如:
  drop table test_db;
rm -f database_name/table_name.* (linux下)
  例如:
  rm -rf bbs/accp.*
  18.向数据库中添加数据:

[*]insert into table_name set column_name1=value1,column_name2=value2;
例如:insert into bbs set name=&quot;jack&quot;,date_year=&quot;1993-10-01&quot;;

[*]insert into table_name values (column1,column2,...);
  例如:insert into bbs (&quot;2&quot;,&quot;jack&quot;,&quot;1993-10-02&quot;)

[*]insert into table_name (column_name1,column_name2,...) values (value1,value2);
  例如:insert into bbs (name,data_year) values (&quot;jack&quot;,&quot;1993-10-01&quot;);
  19.查询数据表中的数据:

[*]select * from table_name;

  例如:select * from bbs where>  20.修改数据表中的数据:

[*]update table_name set col_name=new_value where id=1;
  例如:update bbs set name=&quot;tom&quot; where name=&quot;jack&quot;;
  21.增加一个字段:

[*]alter table table_name add column field_name datatype not null default &quot;1&quot;;
  例如:alter table bbs add column tel char(16) not null;
  22.增加多个字段:(column可省略不写)

[*]alter table table_name add column filed_name1 datatype,add column filed_name2 datatype;
  例如:alter table bbs add column tel char(16) not null,add column address text;
  23.删除一个字段:

[*]alter table table_name drop field_name;
  例如:alter table bbs drop tel;
  24.修改字段的数据类型:

[*]alter table table_name modify id int unsigned;//修改列id的类型为int unsigned
[*]alter table table_name change id sid int unsigned;//修改列id的名字为sid,而且把属性修改为int unsigned
  25.修改一个字段的默认值:

[*]alter table table_name modify column_name datatype not null default &quot;&quot;;
  例如:alter table test_db modify name char(16) default not null &quot;yourname&quot;;
  26.对表重新命名:

[*]alter table table_name rename as new_table_name;
  例如:alter table bbs rename as bbs_table;

[*]rename table old_table_name to new_table_name;
  例如:rename table test_db to accp;
  27.从已经有的表中复制表的结构:

[*]create table table2 select * from table1 where 11;
  例如:create table test_db select * from accp where 11;
  28.查询时间:

[*]select now();
  29.查询当前用户:

[*]select user();
  30.查询数据库版本:

[*]select version();
  31.创建索引:

[*]alter table table1 add index ind_id(id);
[*]create index ind_id on table1(id);
[*]create unique index ind_id on table1(id);//建立唯一性索引
  32.删除索引:

[*]drop index idx_id on table1;
[*]alter table table1 drop index ind_id;
  33.联合字符或者多个列(将id与&quot;:&quot;和列name和&quot;=&quot;连接)

[*]select concat(id,':',name,'=') from table;
  34.limit(选出10到20条)

[*]select * from bbs order by id limit 9,10;
  (从查询结果中列出第几到几条的记录)
  35.增加一个管理员账号:

[*]grant all on *.* to user@localhost identified by &quot;password&quot;;
  36.创建表是先判断表是否存在

[*]create table if not exists students(……);
  37.复制表:

[*]create table table2 select * from table1;
  例如:create table test_db select * from accp;
  38.授于用户远程访问mysql的权限

[*]grant all privileges on *.* to &quot;root&quot;@&quot;%&quot; identified by &quot;password&quot; with grant option;
  或者是修改mysql数据库中的user表中的host字段

[*]use mysql;
[*]select user,host from user;
[*]update user set host=&quot;%&quot; where user=&quot;user_name&quot;;
  39.查看当前状态

[*]show status;
  40.查看当前连接的用户

[*]show processlist;
  (如果是root用户,则查看全部的线程,得到的用户连接数同show status;里的 Threads_connected值是相同的)

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