Redis教程(十五):C语言连接操作代码实例
转载于:http://www.itxuexiwang.com/a/shujukujishu/redis/2016/0216/143.html在之前的博客中已经非常详细的介绍了Redis的各种操作命令、运行机制和服务器初始化参数配置。本篇博客是该系列博客中的最后一篇,在这里将给出基于Redis客户端组件访问并操作Redis服务器的代码示例。然而需要说明的是,由于Redis官方并未提供基于C接口的Windows平台客户端,因此下面的示例仅可运行于Linux/Unix平台。但是对于使用其它编程语言的开发者而言,如C#和Java,Redis则提供了针对这些语言的客户端组件,通过该方式,同样可以达到基于Windows平台与Redis服务器进行各种交互的目的。
该篇博客中使用的客户端来自于Redis官方网站,是Redis推荐的基于C接口的客户端组件,见如下链接:
https://github.com/antirez/hiredis
在下面的代码示例中,将给出两种最为常用的Redis命令操作方式,既普通调用方式和基于管线的调用方式。
注:在阅读代码时请留意注释。
#include #include #include #include #include #include #include void doTest(){int timeout = 10000;struct timeval tv;tv.tv_sec = timeout / 1000;tv.tv_usec = timeout * 1000;//以带有超时的方式链接Redis服务器,同时获取与Redis连接的上下文对象。//该对象将用于其后所有与Redis操作的函数。redisContext* c = redisConnectWithTimeout("192.168.149.137",6379,tv);if (c->err) { redisFree(c); return;}const char* command1 = "set stest1 value1";redisReply* r = (redisReply*)redisCommand(c,command1);//需要注意的是,如果返回的对象是NULL,则表示客户端和服务器之间出现严重错误,必须重新链接。//这里只是举例说明,简便起见,后面的命令就不再做这样的判断了。if (NULL == r) { redisFree(c); return;}//不同的Redis命令返回的数据类型不同,在获取之前需要先判断它的实际类型。//至于各种命令的返回值信息,可以参考Redis的官方文档,或者查看该系列博客的前几篇//有关Redis各种数据类型的博客。:)//字符串类型的set命令的返回值的类型是REDIS_REPLY_STATUS,然后只有当返回信息是"OK"//时,才表示该命令执行成功。后面的例子以此类推,就不再过多赘述了。if (!(r->type == REDIS_REPLY_STATUS && strcasecmp(r->str,"OK") == 0)) { printf("Failed to execute command[%s].n",command1); freeReplyObject(r); redisFree(c); return;}//由于后面重复使用该变量,所以需要提前释放,否则内存泄漏。freeReplyObject(r);printf("Succeed to execute command[%s].n",command1);const char* command2 = "strlen stest1";r = (redisReply*)redisCommand(c,command2);if (r->type != REDIS_REPLY_INTEGER) { printf("Failed to execute command[%s].n",command2); freeReplyObject(r); redisFree(c); return;}int length = r->integer;freeReplyObject(r);printf("The length of 'stest1' is %d.n",length);printf("Succeed to execute command[%s].n",command2);const char* command3 = "get stest1";r = (redisReply*)redisCommand(c,command3);if (r->type != REDIS_REPLY_STRING) { printf("Failed to execute command[%s].n",command3); freeReplyObject(r); redisFree(c); return;}printf("The value of 'stest1' is %s.n",r->str);freeReplyObject(r);printf("Succeed to execute command[%s].n",command3);const char* command4 = "get stest2";r = (redisReply*)redisCommand(c,command4);//这里需要先说明一下,由于stest2键并不存在,因此Redis会返回空结果,这里只是为了演示。if (r->type != REDIS_REPLY_NIL) { printf("Failed to execute command[%s].n",command4); freeReplyObject(r); redisFree(c); return;}freeReplyObject(r);printf("Succeed to execute command[%s].n",command4);const char* command5 = "mget stest1 stest2";r = (redisReply*)redisCommand(c,command5);//不论stest2存在与否,Redis都会给出结果,只是第二个值为nil。//由于有多个值返回,因为返回应答的类型是数组类型。if (r->type != REDIS_REPLY_ARRAY) { printf("Failed to execute command[%s].n",command5); freeReplyObject(r); redisFree(c); //r->elements表示子元素的数量,不管请求的key是否存在,该值都等于请求是键的数量。 assert(2 == r->elements); return;}for (int i = 0; i < r->elements; ++i) { redisReply* childReply = r->element; //之前已经介绍过,get命令返回的数据类型是string。 //对于不存在key的返回值,其类型为REDIS_REPLY_NIL。 if (childReply->type == REDIS_REPLY_STRING) printf("The value is %s.n",childReply->str);}//对于每一个子应答,无需使用者单独释放,只需释放最外部的redisReply即可。freeReplyObject(r);printf("Succeed to execute command[%s].n",command5);printf("Begin to test pipeline.n");//该命令只是将待发送的命令写入到上下文对象的输出缓冲区中,直到调用后面的//redisGetReply命令才会批量将缓冲区中的命令写出到Redis服务器。这样可以//有效的减少客户端与服务器之间的同步等候时间,以及网络IO引起的延迟。//至于管线的具体性能优势,可以考虑该系列博客中的管线主题。if (REDIS_OK != redisAppendCommand(c,command1) || REDIS_OK != redisAppendCommand(c,command2) || REDIS_OK != redisAppendCommand(c,command3) || REDIS_OK != redisAppendCommand(c,command4) || REDIS_OK != redisAppendCommand(c,command5)) { redisFree(c); return;}redisReply* reply = NULL;//对pipeline返回结果的处理方式,和前面代码的处理方式完全一直,这里就不再重复给出了。if (REDIS_OK != redisGetReply(c,(void**)&reply)) { printf("Failed to execute command[%s] with Pipeline.n",command1); freeReplyObject(reply); redisFree(c);}freeReplyObject(reply);printf("Succeed to execute command[%s] with Pipeline.n",command1);if (REDIS_OK != redisGetReply(c,(void**)&reply)) { printf("Failed to execute command[%s] with Pipeline.n",command2); freeReplyObject(reply); redisFree(c);}freeReplyObject(reply);printf("Succeed to execute command[%s] with Pipeline.n",command2);if (REDIS_OK != redisGetReply(c,(void**)&reply)) { printf("Failed to execute command[%s] with Pipeline.n",command3); freeReplyObject(reply); redisFree(c);}freeReplyObject(reply);printf("Succeed to execute command[%s] with Pipeline.n",command3);if (REDIS_OK != redisGetReply(c,(void**)&reply)) { printf("Failed to execute command[%s] with Pipeline.n",command4); freeReplyObject(reply); redisFree(c);}freeReplyObject(reply);printf("Succeed to execute command[%s] with Pipeline.n",command4);if (REDIS_OK != redisGetReply(c,(void**)&reply)) { printf("Failed to execute command[%s] with Pipeline.n",command5); freeReplyObject(reply); redisFree(c);}freeReplyObject(reply);printf("Succeed to execute command[%s] with Pipeline.n",command5);//由于所有通过pipeline提交的命令结果均已为返回,如果此时继续调用redisGetReply,//将会导致该函数阻塞并挂起当前线程,直到有新的通过管线提交的命令结果返回。//最后不要忘记在退出前释放当前连接的上下文对象。redisFree(c);return;}int main() {doTest();return 0;}//输出结果如下://Succeed to execute command.//The length of 'stest1' is 6.//Succeed to execute command.//The value of 'stest1' is value1.//Succeed to execute command.//Succeed to execute command.//The value is value1.//Succeed to execute command.//Begin to test pipeline.//Succeed to execute command with Pipeline.//Succeed to execute command with Pipeline.//Succeed to execute command with Pipeline.//Succeed to execute command with Pipeline.//Succeed to execute command with Pipeline.#p#分页标题#e#
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