Django + Uwsgi + Nginx 实现生产环境部署
今天老男孩IT教育Python教学总监alex带你用Django + Uwsgi + Nginx 实现生产环境部署1、uwsgi 介绍
2、uwsgi安装使用
3、nginx安装配置
4、django with nginx
如何在生产上部署Django?
Django的部署可以有很多方式，采用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比较常见的一种方式。
uwsgi介绍
1、uWSGI是一个Web服务器，它实现了WSGI协议、uwsgi、http等协议。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是与uWSGI服务器进行交换。
2、要注意 WSGI / uwsgi / uWSGI 这三个概念的区分。
WSGI是一种Web服务器网关接口。它是一个Web服务器（如nginx，uWSGI等服务器）与web应用（如用Flask框架写的程序）通信的一种规范。
3、uwsgi是一种线路协议而不是通信协议，在此常用于在uWSGI服务器与其他网络服务器的数据通信。
而uWSGI是实现了uwsgi和WSGI两种协议的Web服务器。
4、uwsgi协议是一个uWSGI服务器自有的协议，它用于定义传输信息的类型（type of information），每一个uwsgi packet前4byte为传输信息类型描述，它与WSGI相比是两样东西。
uWSGI的主要特点如下
1、超快的性能
2、低内存占用（实测为apache2的mod_wsgi的一半左右）
3、多app管理（终于不用冥思苦想下个app用哪个端口比较好了-.-）
4、详尽的日志功能（可以用来分析app性能和瓶颈）
5、高度可定制（内存大小限制，服务一定次数后重启等）
总而言之uwgi是个部署用的好东东，正如uWSGI作者所吹嘘的：
If you are searching for a simple wsgi-only server, uWSGI is not for you, but if you are building a real (production-ready) app that need to be rock-solid, fast and easy to distribute/optimize for various load-average, you will pathetically and morbidly fall in love (we hope) with uWSGI.
Uwsgi 安装使用
1234# Install the latest stable>pip install uwsgi# ... or if you want to install the latest LTS (long term support)>pip install https://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-lts.tar.gz 基本测试
Create a file called test.py:
12345# test.pydef application(env, start_response): start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')]) return # python3 #return ["Hello World"] # python2 运行
1uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py用uwsgi 启动django
1uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi 可以把参数写到配置文件里
1234567891011121314151617181920alex@alex-ubuntu:~/uwsgi-test$ more crazye-uwsgi.inihttp = :9000#the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginxsocket = 127.0.0.1:8001# the base directory (full path)chdir = /home/alex/CrazyEye# Django's wsgi filewsgi-file = CrazyEye/wsgi.py# maximum number of worker processesprocesses = 4#thread numbers startched in each worker processthreads = 2 #monitor uwsgi statusstats = 127.0.0.1:9191# clear environment on exitvacuum = true 启动
1/usr/local/bin/uwsgi crazye-uwsgi.iniNginx安装使用
12sudo apt-get install nginxsudo /etc/init.d/nginx start # start nginx为你的项目生成Nginx配置文件
You will need the uwsgi_params file, which is available in the nginx directory of the uWSGI distribution, or from https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params
Copy it into your project directory. In a moment we will tell nginx to refer to it.
Now create a file called mysite_nginx.conf, and put this in it:
1、# mysite_nginx.conf
2、
3、# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
4、upstream django {
5、 # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
6、 server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
7、}
8、
9、# configuration of the server
10、server {
11、 # the port your site will be served on
12、 listen 8000;
13、 # the domain name it will serve for
14、 server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
15、 charset utf-8;
16、
17、 # max upload> 18、 client_max_body_size 75M; # adjust to taste
19、
20、 # Django media
21、 location /media{
22、 alias /path/to/your/mysite/media;# your Django project's media files -
amend as required
23、 }
24、
25、 location /static {
26 alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
27、 }
28、
29、 # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
30、 location / {
31、 uwsgi_passdjango;
32、 include /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
33 }
34}
This conf file tells nginx to serve up media and static files from the filesystem, as well as handle requests that require Django’s intervention. For a large deployment it is considered good practice to let one server handle static/media files, and another handle Django applications, but for now, this will do just fine.
Symlink to this file from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled so nginx can see it:
此时启动Nginx 和Uwsgi，你的django项目就可以实现高并发啦！
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