nginx配置基于memcached缓存web服务器
一、配置环境Linux：CentOS 6.5 64bit
nginx：nginx-1.4.7
php: php-5.4.26
mysql: mysql-5.5.33
xcache: xcache-3.1.0
memcached: memcached-1.4.4-3.el6.x86_64
memcached PHP扩展: memcache-2.2.7
二、安装nginx
nginx是一个市场份额仅次于httpd的web服务器软件，它支持反向代理、简单的负载均衡和容错、性能突出，模块化的结构，因此配置web服务器，nginx是一个不错的选择；
1、安装前解决依赖关系
# yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools"
# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl-devel
2、安装nginx
# useradd -r nginx
# tar xf nginx-1.4.7.tar.gz
# cd nginx-1.4.7
# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx \
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid\
--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \
--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \
--with-pcre
# make && make install
3、提供服务服脚本
# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
内容如下：
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description:Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
给脚本添加执行权限：
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
启动服务：
# service nginx star
二、安装mysql
1、创建mysql用户
# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /mysqldata/data mysql
2、在生产环境中，通常mysql的数据存放目录应该单独放在一个分区，这个分区最好做成lvm逻辑卷，方便以后空间的扩展及数据备份；此处以目录/mysqldata/data作为mysql的数据存放目录，以binlog作为mysql二进制日志文件存放目录；
# mkdir -pv /mysqldata/{data,binlog}
# chown -R mysql.mysql /mysqldata/{data,binlog}
3、MySQL-5.5以后的版本不再使用make管理，而是使用由facebook研发的cmake，因此在编译安装MySQL5.5前需要先安装cmake。cmake的重要特性之一是其独立于源码(out-of-source)的编译功能，即编译工作可以在另一个指定的目录中而非源码目录中进行，这可以保证源码目录不受任何一次编译的影响，因此在同一个源码树上可以进行多次不同的编译，如针对于不同平台编译。
# yum -y install cmake
cmake指定编译选项的方式不同于make，其实现方式对比如下：
./configure cmake .
./configure --help cmake . -LH
4、解决依赖关系
# yum -y install readline-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel
5、安装mysql
# tar xf mysql-5.5.33.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.5.33
# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mysqldata/data \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DWITH_ZLIB=system \
-DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
# make
# make install
6、初始化mysql
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# chown -R .mysql ./*
# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mysqldata/data
提供服务脚本
# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
提供配置文件
# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# vim /etc/my.cnf
thread_concurrency = 2
datadir=/mysqldata/data
innodb_file_per_table=ON
log-bin=/mysqldata/binlog/master-bin
binlog_format=mixd
7、配置全局参数
编辑环境变量提供软件路径
# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
# ./etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
提供帮助文件
# vim /etc/man.config
MANPATH/usr/local/mysql/man
输出mysql的头文件至系统头文件路径/usr/include
# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
输出mysql的库文件给系统库查找路径
# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib/'>/etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
让系统重新载入系统库
# ldconfig
三、安装PHP
1、解决依赖关系
# yum -y groupinstall "Desktop Platform Development"
# yum -y install bzip2-devel libmcrypt-devel libmcrypt mhash mhash-devel curl-devel
2、安装PHP
# tar xf php-5.4.26.tar.bz2
# cd php-5.4.26
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-openssl --enable-fpm --enable-sockets --enable-sysvshm--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml--with-mhash --with-mcrypt--with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 --with-curl
# make
# make test
# make install
3、提供配置
# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm/etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
# chkconfig --add php-fpm
# chkconfig php-fpm on
# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 2
pm.max_spare_servers = 8
pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
# service php-fpm start
# ss -tnlp | grep php-fpm
四、整合nginx和php5
1、编辑/etc/nginx/nginx.conf，启用如下选项：
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_indexindex.php;
fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_FILENAME/scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
2、编辑/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params，将其内容更改为如下内容：
fastcgi_paramGATEWAY_INTERFACECGI/1.1;
fastcgi_paramSERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_paramQUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_paramREQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_paramCONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_paramCONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_paramREQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_paramDOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_paramDOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_paramSERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_paramREMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_paramREMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_paramSERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_paramSERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_paramSERVER_NAME $server_name;
并在所支持的主页面格式中添加php格式的主页，类似如下：
location / {
root html;
indexindex.php index.html index.htm;
}
而后重新载入nginx的配置文件：
# service nginx> 3、在/usr/local/nginx/html新建index.php的测试页面，测试php是否能正常工作：
# vim /usr/html/index.php
页:
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