Nginx rewrite规则整理
本日志内容来自互联网和平日使用经验，整理一下方便日后参考。正则表达式匹配，其中：
[*] * ~ 为区分大小写匹配
[*] * ~* 为不区分大小写匹配
[*] * !~和!~*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配
文件及目录匹配，其中：
[*] * -f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件
[*] * -d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录
[*] * -e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录
[*] * -x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行
flag标记有：
[*] * last 相当于Apache里的标记，表示完成rewrite
[*] * break 终止匹配, 不再匹配后面的规则
[*] * redirect 返回302临时重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
[*] * permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
一些可用的全局变量有，可以用做条件判断(待补全)
[*] $args
[*] $content_length
[*] $content_type
[*] $document_root
[*] $document_uri
[*] $host
[*] $http_user_agent
[*] $http_cookie
[*] $limit_rate
[*] $request_body_file
[*] $request_method
[*] $remote_addr
[*] $remote_port
[*] $remote_user
[*] $request_filename
[*] $request_uri
[*] $query_string
[*] $scheme
[*] $server_protocol
[*] $server_addr
[*] $server_name
[*] $server_port
[*] $uri
结合QeePHP的例子
[*] if (!-d $request_filename) {
[*] rewrite ^/(+)/(+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;
[*] rewrite ^/(+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;
[*] break;
多目录转成参数
abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2
[*] if ($host ~* (.*)/.domain/.com) {
[*] set $sub_name $1;
[*] rewrite ^/sort//(/d+)//?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;
[*] }
目录对换
/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456
[*] rewrite ^/(/d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;
例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下：
[*] if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
[*] rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
[*] }
目录自动加“/”
[*] if (-d $request_filename){
[*] rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
[*] }
禁止htaccess
[*] location ~//.ht {
[*] deny all;
[*] }
禁止多个目录
[*] location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
[*] deny all;
[*] break;
[*] }
禁止以/data开头的文件
可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;
[*] location ~ ^/data {
[*] deny all;
[*] }
禁止单个目录
不能禁止.log.txt能请求
[*] location /searchword/cron/ {
[*] deny all;
[*] }
禁止单个文件
[*] location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
[*] deny all;
[*] }
给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志
[*] location ~(favicon.ico) {
[*] log_not_found off;
[*] expires 99d;
[*] break;
[*] }
[*]
[*] location ~(robots.txt) {
[*] log_not_found off;
[*] expires 7d;
[*] break;
[*] }
设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒，并不记录访问日志
[*] location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
[*] access_log off;
[*] root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
[*] expires 600;
[*] break;
[*] }
文件反盗链并设置过期时间
这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码，默认为403，方便找出正确的盗链的请求
“rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片
“access_log off;”不记录访问日志，减轻压力
“expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存
[*] location ~* ^.+/.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
[*] valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;
[*] if ($invalid_referer) {
[*] rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;
[*] return 412;
[*] break;
[*] }
[*] access_log off;
[*] root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
[*] expires 3d;
[*] break;
[*] }
只充许固定ip访问网站，并加上密码
[*] root/opt/htdocs/www;
[*] allow 208.97.167.194;
[*] allow 222.33.1.2;
[*] allow 231.152.49.4;
[*] deny all;
[*] auth_basic "C1G_ADMIN";
[*] auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;
将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件，增强seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html
[*] rewrite ^/job-(+)-(+)-(+)/.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;
将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
如果你将last改成permanent，那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/
[*] rewrite ^/(+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配
[*] rewrite ^/(+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
[*] rewrite ^/(+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
这样/shanghai 也可以访问了，但页面中的相对链接无法使用，
如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。
那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯
(-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录，而我的rewrite不是的，所以没有效果
[*] if (-d $request_filename){
[*] rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
[*] }
知道原因后就好办了，让我手动跳转吧
[*] rewrite ^/(+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
[*] rewrite ^/(+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
文件和目录不存在的时候重定向：
[*] if (!-e $request_filename) {
[*] proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
[*] }
域名跳转
[*] server
[*] {
[*] listen 80;
[*] server_namejump.c1gstudio.com;
[*] index index.html index.htm index.php;
[*] root/opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
[*] rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/;
[*] access_logoff;
[*] }
多域名转向
[*] server_namewww.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net;
[*] index index.html index.htm index.php;
[*] root/opt/lampp/htdocs;
[*] if ($host ~ "c1gstudio/.net") {
[*] rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent;
[*] }
三级域名跳转
[*] if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)/.i/.c1gstudio/.com$") {
[*] rewrite ^(.*) http://top.yingjiesheng.com$1;
[*] break;
[*] }
域名镜向
[*] server
[*] {
[*] listen 80;
[*] server_namemirror.c1gstudio.com;
[*] index index.html index.htm index.php;
[*] root/opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
[*] rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last;
[*] access_logoff;
[*] }
某个子目录作镜向
[*] location ^~ /zhaopinhui {
[*] rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last;
[*] break;
[*] }
discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite
[*] rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)/.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;
[*] rewrite ^/(space|network)/.html$ /$1.php last;
[*] rewrite ^/(+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;
discuz 7 rewrite
[*] rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-+/.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
[*] rewrite ^(.*)/forum-(+)-(+)/.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
[*] rewrite ^(.*)/thread-(+)-(+)-(+)/.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page/%3D$4&page=$3 last;
[*] rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
[*] rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
[*] rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)/.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;
给discuz某版块单独配置域名
[*] server_namebbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com;
[*]
[*] location = / {
[*] if ($http_host ~ news/.c1gstudio.com$) {
[*] rewrite ^.+ http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html last;
[*] break;
[*] }
[*] }
discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化
[*] location ^~ /ucenter {
[*] location ~ .*/.php?$
[*] {
[*] #fastcgi_passunix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
[*] fastcgi_pass127.0.0.1:9000;
[*] fastcgi_index index.php;
[*] include fcgi.conf;
[*] }
[*]
[*] location /ucenter/data/avatar {
[*] log_not_found off;
[*] access_log off;
[*] location ~ /(.*)_big/.jpg$ {
[*] error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;
[*] }
[*] location ~ /(.*)_middle/.jpg$ {
[*] error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;
[*] }
[*] location ~ /(.*)_small/.jpg$ {
[*] error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;
[*] }
[*] expires 300;
[*] break;
[*] }
[*] }
jspace rewrite
[*] location ~ .*/.php?$
[*] {
[*] #fastcgi_passunix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
[*] fastcgi_pass127.0.0.1:9000;
[*] fastcgi_index index.php;
[*] include fcgi.conf;
[*] }
[*]
[*] location ~* ^/index.php/
[*] {
[*] rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
[*] fastcgi_pass127.0.0.1:9000;
[*] fastcgi_index index.php;
[*] include fcgi.conf;
[*] }
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