centos 6.2 64位安装nginx php mysql
平台环境centos 6.2 64位 nginx-1.2.1 php-5.3.14 mysql-5.5.25
阿里云2g内存实例，具体参数调整根据自己主机调整
里面也提到一部分修改建议
32位centos 512内存参考
http://jiyunjie.blog.51cto.com/5348020/907534
一、阿里云主机默认不挂载数据盘，先挂载
用fdisk -l|grep Disk查看你的系统有几块盘。
如：
Disk /dev/xvda: 160.0 GB, 160000000000 bytes
Disk /dev/xvdb: 160.0 GB, 160000000000 bytes
提示这个
disk /dev/xvdb doesn t contain a valid partition table
就是没有挂载，现在我们先挂载
1. 切换到root;
2. 运行命令 "fdisk /dev/xvdb";
3. 根据提示，依次输入 "n", "p", "1";
4. 然后 ，按两次回车;
5. 输入 "w", 当提示Syncing disks.时，表示已成功完成分区;
6. 输入 "mkfs.ext3 /dev/xvdb1" 格式化分区；这里要耐心等待
7. 输入 "mkdir /data0"建立挂载目录
8. 使用"mount /dev/xvdb1 /data0 "命令挂载分区后即可使用。
9. vi /etc/fstab
按 i
最后一行写入
/dev/xvdb1 /data0 ext3 defaults 0 0
按esc
输入:wq ，回车
操作完毕，完
附：也可以用这个
包括重装系统后，发现挂载的硬盘不见了
fdisk -l后，出现Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table
如果都没数据的话，要先做文件系统
做文件系统
mke2fs -j /dev/sdb
然后挂载硬盘，即搞定
mkdir /data1
mount /dev/sdb /data1
但是这样会丢掉硬盘中所有数据
可以用下面命令查看磁盘容量及挂载点
df -lh
二、安装依赖库和开发环境
阿里云主机64位默认不支持安装gcc的，32位可以省略此步骤
错误 提示：kernel-headers >= 2.2.1
解决办法是，打开 /etc/yum.conf 然后找到这行：
exclude=kernel*
修改为：
exclude=
就可以安装 gcc 了。
安装升级所需程序库
sudo -s LANG=C yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers 64位编译mysql5.5.25a可能会出现各种各样的问题，下面的库也一起安装吧，有部分重复的自己去掉
yum -y install bison gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake zlib* libxml* ncurses-devel libtool-ltdl-devel* mysql-devel 三、下载所需程序
mkdir -p /data0/soft cd /data0/soft wget http://cn2.php.net/get/php-5.3.14.tar.gz/from/this/mirror wget http://www.nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.1.tar.gz wget http://mysql.ntu.edu.tw/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.25a.tar.gz wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-3.0.6.tgz wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2 wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.3.0.tgz wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.30.tar.gz 四、安装PHP 5.3.14
[*] tar zxvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
[*] cd libiconv-1.14/
[*] ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
[*] make
[*] make install
[*] cd ../
[*] tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
[*] cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
[*] ./configure
[*] make
[*] make install
[*] /sbin/ldconfig
[*] cd libltdl/
[*] ./configure --enable-ltdl-install
[*] make
[*] make install
[*] cd ../../
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz cd mhash-0.9.9.9/ ./configure make make install cd ../
[*] ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
[*] ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
[*] ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
[*] ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
[*] ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
[*] ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
[*] ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
[*] ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
[*] ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
[*] ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz cd mcrypt-2.6.8/ /sbin/ldconfig ./configure make make install cd ../ 五、编译安装MySQL 5.5.25a
64位系统安装cmake后执行cmake命令，如不能找到命令，是环境变量的问题，可到cmake目录再执行cmake命令
或添加环境变量，如能直接执行，此步可省略，设置环境变量# export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
[*] /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
[*] /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
[*] tar zxvf mysql-5.5.25a.tar.gz
[*] cd mysql-5.5.25a
[*] cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/webserver/mysql \
[*] -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
[*] -DWITH_READLINE=1 \
[*] -DWITH_SSL=system \
[*] -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
[*] -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
[*] -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
[*] -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
[*] make
[*] make intall
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql cd ../ 附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下几步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。
①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/ mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/ mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/ chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/ #设置mysql我这里分两种方案，可以任选其一。
方案一:
#在support-files目录中有五个配置信息文件：这里我们选择内存1-2G的
#my-small.cnf (内存
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1'> （3）创建数据库
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u admin -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
(注意密码是 12345678)
MySQL>create database blog;
MySQL>flush privileges;
查询用户下的数据库
SHOW DATABASES;
查询数据库编码：SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）如果是64位操作系统，需要先进行下步工作
如果是64位操作系统，需要先进行下步工作
解决没有安装 patch 工具问题，
解决imagemagick问题
解决 configure: error: libjpeg.(a|so) not found错误
解决configure: error: libpng.(a|so) not found
解决configure: error: Cannot find ldap libraries in /usr/lib错误，上面的错误也可用这种方法解决
[*] yum install patch
[*] yum -y install perl-CPAN
[*] ln -s /usr/lib64/libjpeg.so /usr/lib/libjpeg.so
[*] ln -s /usr/lib64/libpng.so /usr/lib/libpng.so
[*] ln -s /usr/lib64/libldap.so /usr/lib/libldap.so
tar zxvf php-5.3.14.tar.gz cd php-5.3.14/ ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so /usr/lib64/ ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.18 32位系统应该是下面的，为免出错，可以全做ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so /usr/lib/ ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18
[*] ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap
[*] make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
[*] make install
cp php.ini-production /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini cd ../ 4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
[*] tar zxvf memcache-3.0.6.tgz
[*] cd memcache-3.0.6/
[*] /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
[*] ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
[*] make
[*] make install
[*] cd ../
[*] tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
[*] cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
[*] /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
[*] ./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
[*] make
[*] make install
[*] cd ../
[*] tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
[*] cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
[*] /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
[*] ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
[*] make
[*] make install
[*] cd ../
[*] tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
[*] cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
[*] ./configure
[*] make
[*] make install
[*] cd ../
tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz cd imagick-2.3.0/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../ 5、修改php.ini
手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的找到
找到：;date.timezone =
修改为：date.timezone = PRC #设置时区
找到：expose_php = On
修改为：expose_php = OFF #禁止显示php版本的信息
找到：display_errors = On
修改为：display_errors = OFF #关闭错误提示
查找extension_dir = "./"
修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/"
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"
查找
short_open_tag = Off
修改
short_open_tag = On
6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache chmod 777/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini 按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
7、创建www用户和组，以及供两个虚拟主机使用的目录：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www /usr/sbin/useradd -g www www mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www 创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）
cp /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf 修改
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf php_flag = off;不显示错误信息
pm.max_children = 36 ;静态方式下开启的php-fpm进程数量，内存小于3g不要超过64
pm.start_servers = 5;动态方式下的起始php-fpm进程数量。
pm.min_spare_servers = 5;动态方式下的最小php-fpm进程数量
pm.max_spare_servers = 36;动态方式下的最大php-fpm进程数量
pm.max_requests = 512
user = www
group = www
pm = dynamic;进程数动态模式不清楚的不要修改
;pm = static;进程数静态模式不清楚的不要修改
pid = run/php-fpm.pid ;取消前面的分号
#检查语法是否正确
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm -t #出现NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful 测试成功
启动fpm
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm & 相关命令
INT, TERM 立刻终止
QUIT 平滑终止
USR1 重新打开日志文件
USR2 平滑重载所有worker进程并重新载入配置和二进制模块
示例：
php-fpm 关闭：
kill -INT `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
php-fpm 重启：
kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
查看php-fpm进程数：
ps aux | grep -c php-fpm
三、安装Nginx 1.2.1
1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：
tar zxvf pcre-8.30.tar.gz cd pcre-8.30/ ./configure make && make install cd ../ 2、安装Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-1.2.1.tar.gz cd nginx-1.2.1/ ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/data0/soft/pcre-8.30 make && make install cd ../ 3、创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data0/logs chmod +w /data0/logs chown -R www:www /data0/logs 4、创建Nginx配置文件
①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 输入以下内容：
userwww www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log/data0/logs/nginx_error.logcrit;
pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_typeapplication/octet-stream;
server_tokens off;
#charsetgb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
#limit_zonecrawler$binary_remote_addr10m;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name42.121.83.101;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root/data0/htdocs/blog;
#limit_conn crawler20;
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_passunix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 1h;
}
}
log_formataccess'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log/data0/logs/access.logaccess;
server
{
listen 80;
server_namewww.s135.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root/data0/htdocs/www;
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_passunix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
}
log_formatwwwlogs'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log/data0/logs/wwwlogs.logwwwlogs;
server
{
listen80;
server_namestatus.blog.s135.com;
location / {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
}
②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf 输入以下内容：
fastcgi_paramGATEWAY_INTERFACECGI/1.1;
fastcgi_paramSERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_paramQUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_paramREQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_paramCONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_paramCONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_paramREQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_paramDOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_paramDOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_paramSERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_paramREMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_paramREMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_paramSERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_paramSERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_paramSERVER_NAME $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_paramREDIRECT_STATUS 200;
5、启动Nginx
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx & #检测配置文件
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t #提示表示成功
#nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
#nginx: configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
相关命令
#开启Nginx
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx &
#平滑重启Nginx
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s> 四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local 在末尾增加以下内容：
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm & /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx & 五、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf 在末尾增加以下内容：
# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog =32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 102465535
使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p 六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
2、平滑重启：
①、对于Nginx 0.8.x版本，现在平滑重启Nginx配置非常简单，执行以下命令即可：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s> ②、对于Nginx 0.8.x之前的版本，平滑重启稍微麻烦一些，按照以下步骤进行即可。输入以下命令
查看Nginx主进程号：
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
6302
这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
1、创建脚本
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh 输入以下内容：
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00
# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志
crontab -e 输入以下内容：
00 00 * * * /bin/bash/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
查看你的定时任务是否加进去了。
crontab -l
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