yanghongjun 发表于 2018-11-16 06:42:50

nginx七层负载均衡

  准备多台虚拟机
  环境准备:
  关闭防火墙和selinux   systemctlstopfirewalld&&setenforce 0
  设置永久关闭       systemctldisablefirewalld
  vim/etc/selinux
  两台虚拟机做静态页面,两台做动态页面,一台做nginx反向代理,一台做测试
  注:最好做好dns解析
  做静态页面:
  HTMLA&HTML   B
  root@html1 ~]#   yum-yinstall nginx
  创建测试页面index.html,开启服务
  PHP   A&PHPB
  #   yum-yinstallhttpdphp
  创建测试页面index.php,开启服务
  安装Nginx
  # yum-yinstall nginx
  修改配置文件
  定义主机集群
  #vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
  http {
  upstream htmlservers {
  server 192.168.1.3:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  server 192.168.1.4:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  }
  upstream phpservers {
  server 192.168.1.3:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  server 192.168.1.4:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  }
  }
  访问页面(使用之前定义的主机集群)
  方法一:
  server {
  location / {
  root /usr/share/nginx/html;
  index index.html index.htm;
  if ($request_uri~*\.html$) {
  proxy_pass http://htmlserver;
  }
  if ($request_uri~*\.php$){
  proxy_pass http://phpserver;
  }
  }
  }
  方法二:
  server {
  location ~* \.html$ {
  proxy_pass http://htmlservers;
  }
  location ~* \.php$ {
  proxy_pass http://phpservers;
  }
  }
  注:此处做测试的是动静分离
  在客户端访问 Nginx 测试
  # elinks –dump http:// nginx/index.php
  # elinks –dump http:// nginx/index.html
  upstream支持的负载均衡算法
  轮询(默认)(rr)(roundrobin)(轮流分流量)
  可以使用weight指定权重,权重越大,被调度的次数越多(权重用数字表示,可以任意数字)
  rr(普通轮询)
  wrr(权重轮询)
  例子:
  upstream httpservers {
  server 192.168.1.3:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  server 192.168.1.4:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  server 192.168.1.5:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  server 192.168.1.100:80 backup;
  }
  ip_hash   根据请求的ip调度,可以解决session的问题,不能使用weight(每有一个ip访问,分配一台服务器)
  fail:可以根据请求页面的大小和加载时间长短进行调度,使用第三方的upstream_fair模块
  url_hash:按请求的url的hash进行调度,从而使每个url定向到同一服务器,使用第三方的hash模块
  upstream支持的状态参数
  down:       暂定对该服务器进行调度(相当于注释)
  backup:   类似与LVSSorry Server,当所有的非backup的服务器故障才使用,平时不使用
  max_fails:   请求失败的次数,默认为1
  fail_timeout:   在经历max_fail次失败后,服务器暂停服务的时间
  示例:
  upstream tianyun.com {
  #      ip_hash;
  server 192.168.10.137 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  server 192.168.10.20   weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  server 192.168.10.251 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=5 down;
  server 192.168.10.253 backup;
  }
  proxy_next_upstream:这个指令属于 http_proxy 模块的,指定后端返回什么样的异常响应时,使用另一个realserver(即将请求传递到下一个服务器)
  示例:
  location/ {
  proxy_passhttp://httpservers;
  proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
  }
  Apache LogFormat 可选(日志格式)
  LogFormat "%{X-Real-IP}i %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
  LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
  LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
  LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent
  根据站点分区进行调度
  http {
  upstream news {
  server 192.168.1.11:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  server 192.168.1.12:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  server 192.168.1.13:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  }
  upstream milis {
  server 192.168.1.21:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  server 192.168.1.22:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  server 192.168.1.23:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  }
  upstream videos {
  server 192.168.1.31:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  server 192.168.1.32:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  server 192.168.1.33:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  }
  upstream images {
  server 192.168.1.41:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  server 192.168.1.42:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  server 192.168.1.43:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  }
  upstream others {
  server 192.168.1.51:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  server 192.168.1.52:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  server 192.168.1.53:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
  }
  server {
  location / {
  proxy_pass http://others;
  }
  location /news {
  proxy_pass http://news;
  }
  location /mili {
  proxy_pass http://milis;
  }
  location ~* \.(wmv|mp4|rmvb)$ {
  proxy_pass http://videos;
  }
  location ~* \.(png|gif|jpg)$ {
  proxy_pass http://images;
  }
  }

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