Nginx安装与优化
Nginx安装1、下载依赖包
yum install pcre pcre-devel -y
yum install openssl-devel –y
2、建立nginx用户
useradd nginx -s /sbin/nologin –M
3、创建app目录
mkdir /application
4、创建下载点目录
mkdir /home/oldboy/tools –p
5、切换目录并下载
cd /home/oldboy/tools/
wget -q http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
6、解压
tar xf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
7.编译安装nginx
cd nginx-1.6.3
./configure --prefix=/application/nginx-1.6.3 --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module
8、使其生效
make
make install
9、创建软链接
ln -s /application/nginx-1.6.3/ /application/nginx
10、启动nginx
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx
11、检查有没有nginx进程
ps -ef |grep nginx|grep -v grep
配置站点
# ls -l|grep -v temp
total 36
drwxr-xr-x 2 rootroot 4096 May 11 16:02 conf #配置文件目录
drwxr-xr-x 2 rootroot 4096 May 11 16:02 html #站点（默认网站目录）
drwxr-xr-x 2 rootroot 4096 May 11 16:13 logs #错误、访问日志、
drwxr-xr-x 2 rootroot 4096 May 11 16:02 sbin #启动命令
cd /html
vim index.html
oldboy,s Nginx server blog.
Hi, I am oldboy. My blog address is
http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
基于域名的虚拟主机配置
一：命令历史记录
切换到配置文件目录
cd conf/
查看包含目录
ls -l nginx.conf
操作前备份
cp nginx.conf{,.ori}
去掉配置文件中无用东西
egrep -v "#|^$" nginx.conf.default >nginx.conf
编辑配置文件
vim nginx.conf
操作完检查
cat nginx.conf
创建站点目录
mkdir ../html/{www,bbs} –p
操作完检查
tree ../html/
追加一些内容到站点目录
echo "www.etiantian.org" > ../html/www/index.html
echo "bbs.etiantian.org" > ../html/bbs/index.html
操作完检查
cat ../html/{www,bbs}/index.html
检查语法
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx –t
优雅重启
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s> 编辑本地hosts文件
vim /etc/hosts
ping看是否返回本机IP
ping bbs.etiantian.org
curl访问是否成功
curl www.etiantian.org
curl bbs.etiantian.org
二：具体演示
# cat nginx.conf
worker_processes1;
events {
worker_connections1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_typeapplication/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout65;
server {
listen 80;
server_namewww.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/www;
indexindex.html index.htm;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_namebbs.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/bbs;
indexindex.html index.htm;
}
}
}
创建站点目录
# mkdir ../html/{www,bbs} -p
# tree ../html/
../html/
├── 50x.html
├── bbs
├── index.html
└── www
2 directories, 2 fil
# echo "www.etiantian.org" > ../html/www/index.html
# echo "bbs.etiantian.org" > ../html/bbs/index.html
# cat ../html/{www,bbs}/index.html
www.etiantian.org
bbs.etiantian.org
检查语法
# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
重新加载
# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s> 增加域名解析
# vim /etc/hosts
10.0.0.7 www.etiantian.org bbs.etiantian.org
ping检查返回值是否是对应IP
# ping www.etiantian.org
PING www.etiantian.org (10.0.0.7) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from www.etiantian.org (10.0.0.7): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.020 ms
################
# ping bbs.etiantian.org
访问
# curl www.etiantian.org
www.etiantian.org
# curl bbs.etiantian.org
bbs.etiantian.org
到此，基于域名的虚拟主机就配好了
---------------------------------------
经验总结：
# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
10.0.0.7 www.etiantian.org bbs.etiantian.org
在工作中只需在DNS购买的管理界面里将域名解析成A记录 ，将两域名以A记录的形式解析到公网IP。
windows中：WIN+R输入drivers编辑\etc\hosts文件 把解析写进去
基于域名的虚拟主机访问原理
HTTP访问原理
浏览器输入www.etiantian.org。
在请求报文的请求头会有一行字段。
表示客户端告诉服务器，想要这个主机的内容
内容到达服务器后
服务器阅读请求报文，就会返回对应的响应报文。
如果没有带host请求头，默认会返回配置文件中第一个域名
=============================================================
实战：增加blog.etiantian.org ============>html/blog,浏览域名显示blog.etiantian.org
a、增加默认配置/application/nginx/conf
server {
listen 80;
server_nameblog.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/blog;
indexindex.html index.htm;
}
}
b、创建站点目录
# mkdir ../html/blog -p
# tree ../html/
../html/
├── 50x.html
├── bbs
│?? └── index.html
├── blog
├── index.html
└── www
└── index.html
c、首页
# echo "blog.etiantian.org" > ../html/blog/index.html
# cat ../html/{www,bbs,blog}/index.html
www.etiantian.org
bbs.etiantian.org
blog.etiantian.org
d、检查配置文件语法
# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
e、修改了配置文件，需要优雅重启
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s> f、域名解析
# vim /etc/hosts
10.0.0.7 www.etiantian.org bbs.etiantian.org blog.etiantian.org
g、检查返回是否是自己主机IP
# ping blog.etiantian.org
PING www.etiantian.org (10.0.0.7) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from www.etiantian.org (10.0.0.7): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.028 ms
h、进行访问
# curl blog.etiantian.org
blog.etiantian.org
i、windows域名解析
将10.0.0.7 www.etiantian.org bbs.etiantian.org blog.etiantian.org放进C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts文件中
j、浏览器进行访问
浏览器访问成功，并显示：blog.etiantian.org
========================================
基于端口的Nginx
a、修改默认配置
# cat nginx.conf
worker_processes1;
events {
worker_connections1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_typeapplication/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout65;
server {
listen 8001;
server_namewww.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/www;
indexindex.html index.htm;
}
}
server {
listen 8002;
server_namewww.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/bbs;
indexindex.html index.htm;
}
}
server {
listen 8003;
server_namewww.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/blog;
indexindex.html index.htm;
}
}
}
b、检查语法
# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
c、优雅重启
# ../sbin/nginx -s> d、进行访问
# curl http://www.etiantian.org:8001
www.etiantian.org
# curl http://www.etiantian.org:8002
bbs.etiantian.org
# curl http://www.etiantian.org:8003
blog.etiantian.org
=======================================================
基于IP的虚拟主机很少用到就不做赘述
Nginx优化
Nginx常用选项：
？ - - H：此帮助
-v：显示版本并退出
-V：显示版本和配置选项，然后退出
-t：测试配置和退出
Q：抑制配置测试在非错误信息
-s信号：将信号发送到主进程：停止，退出，重新打开，重装
-p前缀：设置前缀路径（默认：/application/nginx-1.6.3/）
-c文件名：设置配置文件（默认：CONF / nginx.conf）
-g指令：设置全局指令进行配置文件
优化一：优化配置文件
1、规范优化Nginx配置文件
# cp nginx.conf{,ori.1}
# vim nginx.conf
# cat nginx.conf
worker_processes1;
events {
worker_connections1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_typeapplication/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout65;
#nginx vhosts config
include extra/www.conf;
include extra/bbs.conf;
include extra/blog.conf;
}
2、创建extra目录
# mkdir extra
a、
# sed -n '10,17p' nginx.conf.base-name
server {
listen 80;
server_namewww.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/www;
indexindex.html index.htm;
}
}
# sed -n '10,17p' nginx.conf.base-name >extra/www.conf
# cat extra/www.conf
b、
# sed -n '18,25p' nginx.conf.base-name
# sed -n '18,25p' nginx.conf.base-name >extra/bbs.con
# cat extra/bbs.conf
c、
# sed -n '26,33p' nginx.conf.base-name
# sed -n '26,33p' nginx.conf.base-name >extra/blog.con
# cat extra/blog.conf
3、检查语法
# ../sbin/nginx -t
4、重启
# ../sbin/nginx -s> 5、查看本地/etc/hosts里面是否有域名解析
# cat /etc/hosts
如果没有的话，加上域名解析
# vim /etc/hosts
10.0.0.7 www.etiantian.org bbs.etiantian.org blog.etiantian.org
6、检查
# curl www.etiantian.org
www.etiantian.org
# curl bbs.etiantian.org
bbs.etiantian.org
# curl blog.etiantian.org
blog.etiantian.org
优化二：别名设置
1、修改配置
# vi extra/www.conf
server_namewww.etiantian.org； #修改前
server_namewww.etiantian.org etiantian.org; #修改后
2、增加域名解析
# vim /etc/hosts
10.0.0.7 www.etiantian.org bbs.etiantian.org blog.etiantian.org #修改前
10.0.0.7 www.etiantian.org bbs.etiantian.org blog.etiantian.org etiantian.org #修改后
3、访问检查
# curl etiantian.org
www.etiantian.org
4、总结：利用别名可以少一次请求，不用跳转
# curl -I 51cto.com
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
# curl -I etiantian.org
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
# curl -I baidu.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
优化三：配置Nginx status
1、
cat >>/application/nginx/conf/extra/status.conf../logs/error.log
# ../sbin/nginx -s> # cat ../logs/error.log
2016/05/12 19:08:06 12914#0: signal process started
访问日志
# sed -n '21,23p' nginx.conf.default
#log_formatmain'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
把#号去掉放进配置文件里
# cat nginx.conf
worker_processes1;
error_log logs/error.log error;
events {
worker_connections1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_typeapplication/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout65;
log_formatmain'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#nginx vhosts config
include extra/www.conf;
include extra/bbs.conf;
include extra/blog.conf;
include extra/status.conf;
}
优化五：访问日志
最好基于虚拟主机
# vim extra/www.conf
# cat extra/www.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_namewww.etiantian.org etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/www;
indexindex.html index.htm;
}
access_log logs/access_www.log main;#新增行
}
查看
# tail -f ../logs/access_www.log
10.0.0.1 - - "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/50.0.2661.94 Safari/537.36" "-"
10.0.0.1 - - "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 570 "http://10.0.0.7/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/50.0.2661.94 Safari/537.36" "-"
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