定制RPM包及yum仓库搭建(以安装nginx为例)
一、前提条件#下面通过虚拟机准备了一台服务端，一台客户端，基于外网IP测试，以安装nginx为例。
#两台机器公共配置
# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS> # uname -m
x86_64
# uname -r
2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64
#服务端配置
# ifconfig eth0|awk -F "[ :]+"'NR==2{print $4}'
10.0.0.61
# hostname
m01
#客户端配置
# ifconfig eth0|awk -F '[ :]+' 'NR==2{print$4}'
10.0.0.8
# hostname
web01
#RPM介绍
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-rpm/
二、定制化RPM包
下面是服务端的配置，只要没有标明都是服务端操作
2、1FPM安装
#fpm是ruby写的，因此系统环境需要ruby，且ruby版本号大于1.8.5
# rpm -qa ruby rubygems ruby-devel
#安装ruby模块
# yum -y install ruby rubygems ruby-devel
# rpm -qa ruby rubygems ruby-devel
rubygems-1.3.7-5.el6.noarch
ruby-1.8.7.374-4.el6_6.x86_64
ruby-devel-1.8.7.374-4.el6_6.x86_64
#添加阿里云的rubygems仓库，外国的源太慢
# gem sources -ahttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/rubygems/
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/rubygems/ added to sources
#移除原生的Ruby仓库
# gem sources --remove http://rubygems.org/
http://rubygems.org/ removed from sources
#安装fpm
#指定安装fpm1.3.3版本的软件，fpm这个工具升级很频繁，而且在每次升级后会出现各种各样的问题。但是老版本的fpm工具能够满足我们的需求，因此就用这个版本了。
#这里一定要指定fpm的版本，不然会报错，报错原因可追溯到版本频繁升级的问题导致。
# gem install fpm -v 1.3.3
Building native extensions.This could take a while...
Building native extensions.This could take a while...
Successfully installed json-1.8.3
Successfully installed cabin-0.8.1
Successfully installed backports-3.6.8
Successfully installed arr-pm-0.0.10
Successfully installed clamp-0.6.5
Successfully installed ffi-1.9.10
Successfully installed childprocess-0.5.9
Successfully installed fpm-1.3.3
8 gems installed
Installing ri documentation for json-1.8.3...
Installing ri documentation for cabin-0.8.1...
Installing ri documentation for backports-3.6.8...
Installing ri documentation for arr-pm-0.0.10...
Installing ri documentation for clamp-0.6.5...
Installing ri documentation for ffi-1.9.10...
Installing ri documentation for childprocess-0.5.9...
Installing ri documentation for fpm-1.3.3...
Installing RDoc documentation for json-1.8.3...
Installing RDoc documentation for cabin-0.8.1...
Installing RDoc documentation for backports-3.6.8...
Installing RDoc documentation for arr-pm-0.0.10...
Installing RDoc documentation for clamp-0.6.5...
Installing RDoc documentation for ffi-1.9.10...
Installing RDoc documentation for childprocess-0.5.9...
Installing RDoc documentation for fpm-1.3.3...
# rdoc和ri为ruby程序生成文档
# fpm --help|wc -l
175
#最好做下快照，方便还原和测试
2、2定制nginx的RPM包
2、2、1准备操作
#准备好nginx安装包，统一放在/application/tools/目录下。
# mkdir -p /application/tools/
# cd /application/tools/
# pwd
/application/tools
#上传或下载nginx安装包
#上传使用rz -y命令即可。
#下面使用下载方式获取nginx安装包
# wget -q http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
# ls -l nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 805253 Apr82015nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
#开启yum缓存， /etc/yum.conf的解释在4、2
# cp /etc/yum.conf/etc/yum.conf.ori.20160630
# sed 's#keepcache=0#keepcache=1#g'/etc/yum.conf
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=1
#主要的是上面两条
# sed -i 's#keepcache=0#keepcache=1#g' /etc/yum.conf
# grep "keepcache=1"/etc/yum.conf
keepcache=1
#清空本机已有yum缓存
# find /var/cache/ -type f -name"*rpm"
# find /var/cache/ -type f -name"*rpm"|xargs rm -f
#最好做下快照，方便还原和测试
-----------------------------------------------------------
#设置yum源为阿里的配置
# ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1991 Aug42015/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.ori.20160630
# ls -l/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.ori.20160630
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1991 Jun 29 22:23/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.ori.20160630
# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repohttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
# ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2572 May 152015 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
#可以通过baseurl过滤一下查看是否配置成功
# grep "baseurl"/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
-----------------------------------------------------------
2、2、2安装nginx
# rpm -qa pcre-devel openssl-devel
# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl-devel
# rpm -qa pcre-developenssl-devel
openssl-devel-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.x86_64
pcre-devel-7.8-7.el6.x86_64
-----------------------------------------------------------
#查看yum缓存文件,/var/cache/下的rpm文件千万不要删除,切记！
# find /var/cache/ -type f -name"*rpm"
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/updates/packages/openssl-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/updates/packages/openssl-devel-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/zlib-devel-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/libselinux-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/pcre-devel-7.8-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/libsepol-devel-2.0.41-4.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/libselinux-utils-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/libcom_err-devel-1.41.12-22.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/libselinux-devel-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/krb5-libs-1.10.3-57.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/krb5-devel-1.10.3-57.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/keyutils-libs-devel-1.4-5.el6.x86_64.rpm
# ls /tmp/
# find /var/cache/ -type f -name"*rpm"|xargs cp -t /tmp/
# ls /tmp/
keyutils-libs-devel-1.4-5.el6.x86_64.rpm libselinux-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm openssl-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm
krb5-devel-1.10.3-57.el6.x86_64.rpm libselinux-devel-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm openssl-devel-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm
krb5-libs-1.10.3-57.el6.x86_64.rpm libselinux-utils-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpmpcre-devel-7.8-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
libcom_err-devel-1.41.12-22.el6.x86_64.rpmlibsepol-devel-2.0.41-4.el6.x86_64.rpm zlib-devel-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64.rpm
#下述在安装rpm包的时候会用到
# cd /tmp/ && tar zcfnginx_yum.tar.gz *.rpm
# ls -l nginx_yum.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4442080 Jun 29 22:31nginx_yum.tar.gz
# sz nginx_yum.tar.gz
#D:\Program\SecureCRT\download\ nginx_yum.tar.gz
-----------------------------------------------------------
# useradd nginx -M -s /sbin/nologin
# tail -1 /etc/passwd
nginx:x:502:502::/home/nginx:/sbin/nologin
# pwd
/application/tools
# ls -l nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 805253 Apr82015nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
# tar zxf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
# cd nginx-1.6.3
# ll
total 624
drwxr-xr-x 6 1001 10014096 Jun 29 22:26 auto
-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 236608 Apr72015CHANGES
-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 360501 Apr72015CHANGES.ru
drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 10014096 Jun 29 22:26 conf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 1001 10012369 Apr72015 configure
drwxr-xr-x 4 1001 10014096 Jun 29 22:26 contrib
drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 10014096 Jun 29 22:26 html
-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 10011397 Apr72015 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 10014096 Jun 29 22:26 man
-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 49 Apr72015 README
drwxr-xr-x 8 1001 10014096 Jun 29 22:26 src
#安装nginx
# ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/application/nginx-1.6.3/ --with-http_stub_status_module
# make && make install
# cd ..
# ll
total 792
drwxr-xr-x 9 1001 10014096 Jun 29 22:33 nginx-1.6.3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 805253 Apr82015nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
# pwd
/application/tools
# ln -s /application/nginx-1.6.3//application/nginx
-----------------------------------------------------------
#创建rpm包要执行的脚本
# mkdir -p /server/scripts/
# cd /server/scripts/
# cat nginx_rpm.sh
#!/bin/bash
useradd nginx -M -s /sbin/nologin
ln -s /application/nginx-1.6.3/ /application/nginx
#做一次快照
#通过fpm命令打包rpm
# fpm-s dir -t rpm -n nginx -v 1.6.3 -d'pcre-devel,openssl-devel' --post-install /server/scripts/nginx_rpm.sh -f/application/nginx-1.6.3/
no value for epoch is set, defaulting to nil{:level=>:warn}
no value for epoch is set, defaulting to nil{:level=>:warn}
Created package {:path=>"nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm"}
# ls -l nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1046824 Jun 29 22:39nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
# sz nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
# D:\Program\SecureCRT\download\nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
-----------------------------------------------------------
#查看rpm包信息
# rpm -qpi nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
Name :nginx > Version :1.6.3 Vendor:root@m01
Release :1 Build Date: Wed 29 Jun2016 10:39:39 PM CST
Install Date: (not installed) Build Host: m01
Group :default Source RPM:nginx-1.6.3-1.src.rpm
Size :3179846 License:unknown
Signature :(none)
Packager :
URL :http://example.com/no-uri-given
Summary : nodescription given
Description :
no description given
#查看rpm包内容
# rpm -qpl nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/fastcgi.conf
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/fastcgi.conf.default
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/fastcgi_params
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/fastcgi_params.default
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/koi-utf
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/koi-win
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/mime.types
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/mime.types.default
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf.default
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/scgi_params
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/scgi_params.default
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/uwsgi_params
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/uwsgi_params.default
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/win-utf
/application/nginx-1.6.3/html/50x.html
/application/nginx-1.6.3/html/index.html
/application/nginx-1.6.3/logs
/application/nginx-1.6.3/sbin/nginx
#查看rpm的包依赖
# rpm -qpR nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
pcre-devel
openssl-devel
/bin/sh
rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix)
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