Linux系统高可用集群软件之HeartBeat
Heartbeat是Linux-HA工程的一个组件,最核心的功能是心跳监测部分和资源接管部分.心跳监测可以通过网络链路和串口进行,而且支持冗余链路,它们之间相互发送报文来告诉对方自己当前的状态,如果在指定的时间内未收到对方发送的报文,那么就认为对方失效,这时需启动资源接管模块来接管运行在对方主机上的资源或者服务.Heartbea是基于主机名来切换节点,通过字符串加密来认证两台主机连接,与keepalived不同是它可以基于脚本资源切换,文件共享,是通过tcp协议对资源切换.服务器环境:
node1:192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1
node2:192.168.1.102 10.0.0.2
服务:apache
1.配置系统的网络环境
node1节点:
# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
# vim ifcfg-eth0 --配置本机的IP地址
DEVICE=eth0
HWADDR=08:00:27:EE:3D:F6
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=f1fcda7b-0fa1-458d-800c-aeed3d56aad0
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.1.100
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
# vim ifcfg-eth1 --配置心跳的IP地址
DEVICE=eth1
HWADDR=08:00:27:06:79:47
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=f1fcda7b-0fa1-458d-800c-aeed3d56aad0
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=10.0.0.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
# vim /etc/hosts --node1和node2解析IP
192.168.1.100 node1
192.168.1.102 node2
#
node2节点:
# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
# vim ifcfg-eth0 --配置节点2的IP地址
DEVICE=eth0
HWADDR=08:00:27:A5:94:4C
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=fd898d33-eed6-4333-a5cd-a6961d9f4226
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.1.102
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
# vim ifcfg-eth1 --配置节点2的心跳IP地址
DEVICE=eth1
HWADDR=08:00:27:5B:2C:6E
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=fd898d33-eed6-4333-a5cd-a6961d9f4226
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=10.0.0.2
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
# vim /etc/hosts --配置IP地址解析
192.168.1.100 node1
192.168.1.102 node2
# ping node2 -c1 --检查两台服务器是否ping通
PING node2 (192.168.1.102) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from node2 (192.168.1.102): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.97 ms
--- node2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 2ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.974/1.974/1.974/0.000 ms
# ping node1 -c 1
PING node1 (192.168.1.100) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from node1 (192.168.1.100): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.524 ms
--- node1 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 1ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.524/0.524/0.524/0.000 ms
#
2.下载epel源,用epel源安装heartbeat软件
node1节点:
# wget http://mirrors3.ustc.edu.cn/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm --下载epel源
# rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm --安装epel源
Preparing... ###########################################
1:epel-release ###########################################
# vim epel.repo --启用epel源
将#baseurl前面的#号去掉,enabled=0修改为enabled=1
# vim epel-testing.repo
将#baseurl前面的#号去掉,enabled=0修改为enabled=1
# yum repolist
# yum install heartbeat* -y --安装heartbeat软件
# scp epel* node2:/etc/yum.repos.d/ --将epel源复制到node2中
root@node2's password:
epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm 100% 14KB 14.2KB/s 00:00
epel.repo 100% 954 0.9KB/s 00:00
epel-testing.repo 100% 1054 1.0KB/s 00:00
#
node2节点:
# yum repolist
# yum install heartbeat* -y --在node2节点上安装heartbeat软件
3.在两个节点安装apache服务测试
node1节点:
# yum install httpd -y --安装apache服务
# echo "node1" > /var/www/html/index.html --写出测试页
# /etc/init.d/httpd stop --关闭httpd服务
# chkconfighttpd off --httpd服务开机不启动
node2节点:
# yum install httpd -y --在node2安装apache服务
# echo "node2" > /var/www/html/index.html --写出首页
# /etc/init.d/httpd stop --关闭服务
# chkconfighttpd off --开机不启动
4.配置HeartBeat集群软件
# cd /etc/ha.d/
# cp -a /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/authkeys . --复制配置文件模板
# cp -a /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/haresources .
# cp -a /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/ha.cf.
# vim authkeys --修改认证信息
auth 3 --添加这两行
3 md5 1111
# chmod 600 authkeys --修改权限
# vim ha.cf
debugfile /var/log/ha-debug --去年前面的#号,开启调试日志
logfile /var/log/ha-log --去年前面的#号,开启运行和访问日志
keepalive 2 --去年前面的#号,心跳探测为2秒
deadtime 30 --去年前面的#号,死亡时间
warntime 10 --去年前面的#号,等待时间10秒
initdead 120 --去年前面的#号,确定死亡时间
udpport 694 --监听的端口
bcast eth1 --添加这行,组播地址绑定在哪个网卡(bcast--广播mcast--多播或者组播 ucast--单播)
auto_failback on --如果主节点正常就恢复到主节点上
node node1 --添加这行,写上两台服务器的主机名
node node2
ping_group 192.168.1.102 192.168.1.103 192.168.1.1 --检查主机是否宕机
compression bz2 --压缩集群事物信息
compression_threshold 2 --大于2K就压缩
# vim haresources --定义资源
node1 192.168.1.105/24/eth1:0 httpd --添加这行,node1主服务器的主机名,192.168.1.105虚拟IP，24子网掩码,eth1:0是vip的网络接口,httpd是应用服务
# scp authkeysha.cfharesourcesnode2:/etc/ha.d/ --将三个配置文件复制到node2中
root@node2's password:
authkeys 100% 663 0.7KB/s 00:00
ha.cf 100% 10KB 10.3KB/s 00:00
haresources 100% 5941 5.8KB/s 00:00
#
5.启动服务,测试是否正常
node1节点:
# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start
Starting High-Availability services: INFO:Resource is stopped
Done.
# netstat -autnp |more
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 958/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1178/master
tcp 0 52 192.168.1.100:22 192.168.1.93:51656 ESTABLISHED 1216/sshd
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 7720/httpd
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 958/sshd
tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1178/master
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:34964 0.0.0.0:* 7271/heartbeat: wri
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:694 0.0.0.0:* 7271/heartbeat: wri
# ifconfigeth1:0 --node1节点的vip启动
eth1:0 Link encap:EthernetHWaddr 08:00:27:06:79:47
inet addr:192.168.1.105Bcast:0.0.0.0Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICASTMTU:1500Metric:1
#
node2节点:
# /etc/init.d/heartbeatstart
Starting High-Availability services: INFO:Resource is stopped
Done.
# netstat -antup |more
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 956/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1176/master
tcp 0 52 192.168.1.102:22 192.168.1.93:51657 ESTABLISHED 1214/sshd
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 956/sshd
tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1176/master
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:42151 0.0.0.0:* 4581/heartbeat: wri
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:694 0.0.0.0:* 4581/heartbeat: wri
#
测试访问：
http://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M02/4F/5D/wKiom1RhpROiMWheAADxnB2Bt7Y088.jpg
测试故障转移:
node1节点:
# /etc/init.d/httpd stop
Stopping httpd:
#
node2节点:
# netstat -antup |more --关闭node1的httpd服务后,node2的httpd就自动启动了
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 956/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1176/master
tcp 0 52 192.168.1.102:22 192.168.1.93:51657 ESTABLISHED 1214/sshd
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 4918/httpd
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 956/sshd
tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1176/master
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:42151 0.0.0.0:* 4581/heartbeat: wri
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:694 0.0.0.0:* 4581/heartbeat: wri
#
测试:
http://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/4F/66/wKiom1RhrAGg4sX0AADgtahLdRM171.jpg
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