CentOS 6.4 Heartbeat+httpd+nfs实现高可用的web服务器
一、Heartbeat概念Heartbeat是Linux-HA项目中的一个组件，也是目前开源HA项目中最成功的一个例子, Linux-HA的全称是High-Availability Linux,这个开源项目的目标是：通过社区开发者的共同努力，提供一个增强linux可靠性（reliability)、可用性（availability）和可服务性（serviceability）（RAS）的群集解决方案.Heartbeat提供了所有 HA 软件所需要的基本功能，比如心跳检测和资源接管、监测群集中的系统服务、在群集中的节点间转移共享 IP 地址的所有者等.
Heartbeat官方站点：
* http://www.linux-ha.org
* http://hg.linux-ha.org
二、准备工作
1、Heartbeat网络架构
http://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M00/57/7F/wKioL1Sb__3wHXbyAAU_JXuHWXA430.jpg
2、操作系统
CentOS 6.4 X86-64 最小化安装
由于用源码编译安装heartbeat一直没有通过，所以没办法只能采用yum安装。
heartbeat v3 3、地址规划
node1 192.168.0.101 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1 node1.test.com eth1 Active
node2 192.168.0.102 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1 node2.test.com eth1 Passive
node3 192.168.0.103 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1 node3.test.com eth1 nfs
vip 192.168.0.200 255.255.255.0 4、主机名解析
# uname -n
node1.test.com
# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.0.101 node1.test.com node1
192.168.0.102 node2.test.com node2# uname -n
node2.test.com
# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.0.101 node1.test.com node1
192.168.0.102 node2.test.com node2 5、双机互信
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -P ''
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
ce:f3:d7:63:10:9b:d2:86:f8:8a:5a:ee:41:d8:d2:01 root@node1.test.com
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| E |
| . |
| . |
| + . . |
| o + S. o + |
| o o. o * |
| o +. o o |
| o o o. . +|
| .o+ .... . . |
+-----------------+
# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node2.test.com
The authenticity of host 'node2.test.com (192.168.0.102)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 46:b9:7c:11:db:75:93:ad:f1:26:f0:a7:4d:00:40:20.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'node2.test.com,192.168.0.102' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@node2.test.com's password:
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh 'root@node2.test.com'", and check in:
.ssh/authorized_keys
to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.# ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -P ''
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
c4:e3:71:f8:82:09:f0:42:9c:e7:20:db:db:ce:dc:0b root@node2.test.com
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| .o. |
|..+o.. . |
| +.+o * . |
|. .... = = |
| oo S . |
|. . . |
| +E. |
| +.. |
| .. |
+-----------------+
# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node1.test.com
The authenticity of host 'node1.test.com (192.168.0.101)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 46:b9:7c:11:db:75:93:ad:f1:26:f0:a7:4d:00:40:20.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'node1.test.com,192.168.0.101' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@node1.test.com's password:
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh 'root@node1.test.com'", and check in:
.ssh/authorized_keys
to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting. 6、时间同步
# yum -y install ntpdate
# ntpdate asia.pool.ntp.org 7、关闭防火墙
# getenforce
Disabled
# /etc/init.d/iptables status
iptables：未运行防火墙。
三、安装heartbeat包
1、node1和node2节点安装epel源
# wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
# wget http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm
# rpm -Uvh remi-release-6*.rpm epel-release-6*.rpm 2、修改epel源的配置文件
# sed -i 's/#baseurl/baseurl/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
# sed -i 's/mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo 3、安装heartbeat包
# yum install heartbeat heartbeat-libs 4、查看heartbeat所依赖的包
http://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M02/57/82/wKiom1ScBuqx5uCmAAVQAtkjyr4072.jpg
四、配置Heartbeat服务
1、heartbeat配置文件的介绍
heartbeat3个配置文件
authkeys#节点之间认证的秘钥key文件，权限为600
ha.cf#heartbeat服务核心配置文件
haresources#集群资源管理器(haresource | crm) 2、拷贝heartbeat初始配置文件
# cp /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/{ha.cf,authkeys,haresources} /etc/ha.d/ 3、编辑authkeys文件
# dd if=/dev/random bs=512 count=1 | openssl md5#生成密钥随机数
记录了0+1 的读入
记录了0+1 的写出
72字节(72 B)已复制，4.8467e-05 秒，1.5 MB/秒
(stdin)= acf7401e6b20d4cec482ba1160eb8efe
# vim /etc/ha.d/authkeys
#注释：末尾添加以下两行
auth 1
1 md5 acf7401e6b20d4cec482ba1160eb8efe
# chmod 600 /etc/ha.d/authkeys 4、编辑ha.cf主配置文件
# grep -v '^#' ha.cf |sed '/^$/d'
注释：主要修改两处，其它的都可以默认
logfacilitylocal0
mcast eth1 225.100.100.100 694 1 0#修改心跳信息的传播方式|组播
auto_failback on
node node1.test.com#配置集群中的节点数
node node2.test.com#配置集群中的节点数 5、编辑haresources配置文件
# grep -v '^#' /etc/ha.d/haresources
node1.test.com IPaddr::192.168.0.200/24/eth1 httpd 6、拷贝配置文件到node2节点
# scp /etc/ha.d/{ha.cf,haresources,authkeys} root@node2.test.com:/etc/ha.d/ 五、节点提供httpd服务
1、安装httpd包
# yum -y install httpd 2、提供测试页面
# echo "node1.test.com" > /var/www/html/index.html 3、启动httpd服务
# service httpd start 4、浏览器访问web页面
http://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M02/57/7F/wKioL1ScC5aTSLM7AAEHF2JWVAw608.jpg
注释：测试完成后关闭服务，并让其开机不启动，httpd由heartbeat(haresource)管理
5、停止httpd服务，设置开机不启动httpd服务
# service httpd stop
停止 httpd： [确定]
# chkconfig httpd off
# chkconfig --list httpd
httpd 0:关闭1:关闭2:关闭3:关闭4:关闭5:关闭6:关闭 6、节点2同上操作
# yum -y install httpd
# echo "node2.test.com" > /var/www/html/index.html
# service httpd start
# service httpd stop
# chkconfig httpd off 7、访问节点2的httpd服务测试页面
http://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/57/82/wKiom1ScDA-woosEAAEvEz9YKng007.jpg
六、启动heartbeat服务
1、启动heartbeat服务
# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start
Starting High-Availability services: INFO:Resource is stopped
Done.
# ssh node2 "/etc/init.d/heartbeat start"
Starting High-Availability services: 2014/12/25_21:09:12 INFO:Resource is stopped
Done. 2、查看heartbeat日志
# tail -f /var/log/message 3、查看vip信息
# ip addr
1: lo:mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth1:mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:c7:14:97 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.101/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth1
inet 192.168.0.200/24 scope global eth1 #vip已经成功绑定在eth1的网卡上
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec7:1497/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4、查看httpd服务是否被heartbeat接管
# netstat -tnlpu |grep httpd
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 2140/httpd 5、浏览器访问测试
http://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M00/57/7F/wKioL1ScD8ShbHdEAAEICMAsddM603.jpg6、将node1节点由Active切换成Passive
# sh /usr/share/heartbeat/hb_standby
Going standby . 7、查看node1节点的日志信息
# tail -f /var/log/messages
Dec 25 21:36:11 node1 heartbeat: : info: node1.test.com wants to go standby
Dec 25 21:36:11 node1 heartbeat: : info: standby: node2.test.com can take our all resources
Dec 25 21:36:11 node1 heartbeat: : info: give up all HA resources (standby).
Dec 25 21:36:11 node1 ResourceManager(default): info: Releasing resource group: node1.test.com IPaddr::192.168.0.200/24/eth1 httpd
Dec 25 21:36:11 node1 ResourceManager(default): info: Running /etc/init.d/httpdstop
Dec 25 21:36:11 node1 ResourceManager(default): info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/IPaddr 192.168.0.200/24/eth1 stop
Dec 25 21:36:11 node1 IPaddr(IPaddr_192.168.0.200): INFO: IP status = ok, IP_CIP=
Dec 25 21:36:11 node1 /usr/lib/ocf/resource.d//heartbeat/IPaddr(IPaddr_192.168.0.200): INFO:Success
Dec 25 21:36:11 node1 heartbeat: : info: all HA resource release completed (standby).
Dec 25 21:36:11 node1 heartbeat: : info: Local standby process completed .
Dec 25 21:36:12 node1 heartbeat: : WARN: 1 lost packet(s) for
Dec 25 21:36:12 node1 heartbeat: : info: remote resource transition completed.
Dec 25 21:36:12 node1 heartbeat: : info: No pkts missing from node2.test.com!
Dec 25 21:36:12 node1 heartbeat: : info: Other node completed standby takeover of all resources. 8、注释说明
node1节点由Active切换到Passive后，httpd服务停止，vip有node1转移到node2上 9、查看node2节点
# ip addr
1: lo:mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth1:mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:ad:9f:36 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.102/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth1
inet 192.168.0.200/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global secondary eth1
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fead:9f36/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# netstat -tnlp |grep httpd
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 2709/httpd 10、vip转移后再次访问
http://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M00/57/80/wKioL1ScFPizEULBAAEGpJGnHJg346.jpg到此处，最基本最简单的heartbeat服务的高可用就完成了。
七、Heartbeat的共享存储
1、配置node3的NFS服务
# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
# mkdir /web/htdocs -p
# cat /etc/exports
/web/htdocs 192.168.0.0/24(ro)
# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start
# /etc/init.d/nfs start
# showmount -e '192.168.0.103'
Export list for 192.168.0.103:
/web/htdocs 192.168.0.0/24
# echo "node3 nfs server" > /web/htdocs/index.html 2、节点挂载测试
node1
# mount -t nfs 192.168.0.103:/web/htdocs /mnt/
# ll /mnt/
总用量 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody nobody 26 12月 25 21:53 index.html
# cat /mnt/index.html
node3 nfs server
# df
文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
16134560 13957401391921210% /
tmpfs 247208 0 247208 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 495844 32418 437826 7% /boot
192.168.0.103:/web/htdocs
16134560 130252814012416 9% /mnt
# umount /mnt/ node2
# mount -t nfs 192.168.0.103:/web/htdocs /mnt/
# ll /mnt/
总用量 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody nobody 26 12月 25 21:53 index.html
# cat /mnt/index.html
node3 nfs server
# df
文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
16134560 14167961389815610% /
tmpfs 247208 0 247208 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 495844 32418 437826 7% /boot
192.168.0.103:/web/htdocs
16134560 130252814012416 9% /mnt
# umount /mnt/ 3、停止node1和node2节点的heartbeat服务
# ssh node2 'service heartbeat stop'
Stopping High-Availability services: Done.
# service heartbeat stop
Stopping High-Availability services: Done. 4、修改haresource配置文件
# vim /etc/ha.d/haresources
node1.test.com IPaddr::192.168.0.200/24/eth1 Filesystem::192.168.0.103:/web/htdocs::/var/www/html::nfs httpd 5、拷贝修改后的haresource配置文件到node2
# scp /etc/ha.d/haresources root@node2.test.com:/etc/ha.d/ 6、启动节点的heartbeat服务
# service heartbeat start
Starting High-Availability services: INFO:Resource is stopped
Done.
# ssh node2 "service heartbeat start"
Starting High-Availability services: 2014/12/25_22:01:40 INFO:Resource is stopped
Done. 7、浏览器测试访问
http://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/57/80/wKioL1ScGiiTZSiWAAEH8s7zapk030.jpg8、查看node1节点信息
# ip addr
1: lo:mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth1:mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:c7:14:97 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.101/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth1
inet 192.168.0.200/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global secondary eth1
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec7:1497/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# netstat -tnlp |grep httpd
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 3301/httpd
# df
文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
16134560 13957561391919610% /
tmpfs 247208 0 247208 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 495844 32418 437826 7% /boot
192.168.0.103:/web/htdocs
16134560 130252814012416 9% /var/www/html
# cat /var/www/html/index.html
node3 nfs server 9、停止node1节点的heartbeat服务，进行切换，并查看vip信息，再次访问vip地址
# service heartbeat stop
Stopping High-Availability services: Done.
# ip addr
1: lo:mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth1:mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:c7:14:97 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.101/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth1
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec7:1497/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# netstat -tnlp |grep httpdhttp://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M02/57/83/wKiom1ScGqiAOhSKAAEH8s7zapk642.jpg
八、测试Heartbeat高可用
正常关闭和重启主节点的heartbeat服务 或者 脚本切换主节点为备用节点
细节流程：
正常关闭Heartbeat服务：/etc/init.d/heartbeat stop && service heartbeat stop
脚本切换主节点为备用节点：sh /usr/share/heartbeat/hb_standby在主节点node1上关闭heartbeat服务执行“service heartbeat stop”，正常关闭主节点的heartbeat服务进程。此时主节点通过“ip addr”命令查看主节点的网卡信息，正常情况下，
应该可以看到主节点已经释放了集群服务的ip(vip)地址，同时释放了挂载磁盘的共享分区，并且httpd服务处于停止状态。
然后登陆备用节点执行“ssh node2'”查看备用节点node2相关属性信息，在备用节点node2上用“ip addr”命令查看集群ip(vip)是否已经被接管，同时是否已经挂载上了共享磁盘分区，
并且httpd服务是否已经启动;得出的结论就是备用节点已经接管了vip地址，共享磁盘分区已经被挂载，httpd服务已经启动。
在这个过程中，使用ping命令对集群服务ip(vip)进行测试，可以看到集群服务ip一直处于可通状态，并没有任何延迟和堵塞现象，也就是说在正常关闭主节点node1上的heartbeat服务
的情况下，主备节点的切换时无缝的，HA对外提供的服务可以不间断运行。
接着，主节点的Heartbeat服务正常启动，那么备用节点的集群服务ip(vip)将被释放，同时卸载挂载的共享磁盘分区和停止httpd服务，反而主节点将再次接管集群服务ip(vip)和
挂载共享磁盘分区，其实备用节点释放资源与主节点绑定资源是同步进行的。因而，这个过程也是一个无缝切换。
但是大家需要注意的是主节点重新上线后，在进行ping测试的过程中会有一次中断，不过是瞬间的 影响不是很大。
到此，heartbeat的web高可用就完成了。后续会继续补充Heartbeat对mysql服务的高可用！
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