Heartbeat学习笔记
一、部署环境：
[*] 服务器版本：CentOS6.5
[*] 双主热备模式：
VIP：192.168.3.30（MASTER上）
VIP：192.168.3.32（BACKUP上）
[*] 主机网络参数：
接口
MASTERBACKUP说明eth1192.168.3.23
192.168.3.24内网管理IPeth2192.168.5.23192.168.5.24心跳线eth3192.168.2.23192.168.2.24外网（临时下载文件用）
[*] 网络拓扑：
http://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/39/8C/wKioL1O6ayfheYhIAABqcqGfbmo100.png
二、需求分析：
通过Heartbeat的高可用功能保证双主VIP同时在线。MySQL01默认绑定VIP：192.168.3.30，MySQL02默认绑定192.168.3.32。任一主机宕机后自动切换。
三、相关配置：
[*] 添加心跳线路由：
1）MySQL01端：
route add -host 192.168.5.24 dev eth2
echo "route add -host 192.168.5.24 dev eth2" >>/etc/rc.local # 加入到rc.local开机自启，也可修改默认静态路由现实 2）MySQL02端：
route add -host 192.168.5.23 dev eth2
echo "route add -host 192.168.5.23 dev eth2" >>/etc/rc.local
[*] 安装heartbeat：
# mkdir tools
# cd tools
# wget
# rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
# yum install heartbeat -y
[*] 配置heartbeat：
# cd /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/
# ls
# cp ha.cf haresources authkeys /etc/ha.d/
# ls -ls /etc/ha.d/
# cd /etc/ha.d/
[*] 修改HOSTS文件或者配置DNS参数：
注：由于外网网段192.168.2.0中有DNS服务器，所以在这里就没配HOSTS文件：
http://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/39/8E/wKiom1O6b33QF2tOAABGEn8PQFc084.jpg
如果没有DNS服务器的话需要手工添加HOST记录，主机名的查看方法：
# uname -n
MySQL01.stephenzhou.net
# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 localhost MySQL01
::1 localhost.localdomain localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost MySQL01
192.168.2.23 MySQL01.stpehenzhou.net
192.168.2.24 MySQL02.stpehenzhou.net
192.168.3.23 MySQL01.stpehenzhou.net
192.168.3.24 MySQL02.stpehenzhou.net
[*] 查看epel是否已经安装好：
# rpm -qa|grep epel
epel-release-6-8.noarch
[*] 配置heartbeat的三个主要配置文件（ha.cf/haresources/authkeys），完了过后复制到MySQL01及MySQL02的/etc/ha.d/目录下：
1. ha.cf
#created by stephen#2014-07-07
debugfile /var/log/ha-debug
logfile/var/log/ha-log
logfacilitylocal0
keepalive 2
deadtime 30
warntime 10
initdead 60
serial/dev/ttyS0# Linux
mcast eth2 225.0.0.1 694 1 0 # 使用组/多播形式，通过eth2走心跳线传送，端口为：udp--694
auto_failback on
nodeMySQL01.stephenzhou.net # 此处必须使用与‘uname -n’一致的名字
nodeMySQL02.stephenzhou.net
crm no 2. haresources
# stephen services
# 192.168.2.23 www.stephenzhou.net
# MySQL01.stephenzhou.net IPaddr::192.168.2.30/24/eth3
#MySQL01.stephenzhou.net IPaddr::192.168.2.30/24/eth3 httpd
# 192.168.2.24 bbs.stephenzhou.net
# MySQL02.stephenzhou.net IPaddr::192.168.2.32/24/eth3
# MySQL master mysqlm.stephenzhou.net
#MySQL01.stephenzhou.net IPaddr::192.168.3.30/24/eth1 mysqld
MySQL01.stephenzhou.net IPaddr::192.168.3.30/24/eth1 # 此处也必须使用与‘uname -n’一致的名字
# MySQL slave mysqls.stephenzhou.net
MySQL02.stephenzhou.net IPaddr::192.168.3.32/24/eth1 3. authkeys
auth 1
1 sha1 47e9336850f1db6fa58bc470bc9b7810eb397f04
[*] 配置防火墙规则已允许心跳流量（/etc/sysconfig/iptables）：
# cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables
# Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall
# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT
:FORWARD ACCEPT
:OUTPUT ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p udp --dport 694 -j ACCEPT # 允许端口UDP 694的流量进入
-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT
[*] 测试heartbeat是否配置成功：
1）MySQL01端：
# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start
Starting High-Availability services: INFO:Resource is stopped
INFO:Resource is stopped
Done.
# ip add|grep 192.168.3 # 发现VIP已经绑定
inet 192.168.3.23/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global eth1
inet 192.168.3.30/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global secondary eth1
# iptables -vL # 看到udp端口已经有心跳流量了
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
48 12296 ACCEPT udp--any any anywhere anywhere udp dpt:ha-cluster
362376 ACCEPT all--any any anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
0 0 ACCEPT icmp --any any anywhere anywhere
0 0 ACCEPT all--lo any anywhere anywhere
0 0 ACCEPT tcp--any any anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:ssh
1 229 REJECT all--any any anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
# tcpdump -i eth2 udp -s 1500 # 对心跳线所在网卡udp端口抓包的话可以看到心跳流量
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth2, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 1500 bytes
16:55:16.399325 IP 192.168.5.23.35912 > 225.0.0.1.ha-cluster: UDP, length 226
16:55:17.216819 IP 192.168.5.24.53014 > 225.0.0.1.ha-cluster: UDP, length 226
16:55:17.371805 IP 192.168.5.23.35912 > 225.0.0.1.ha-cluster: UDP, length 239
16:55:18.399199 IP 192.168.5.23.35912 > 225.0.0.1.ha-cluster: UDP, length 226
16:55:19.222381 IP 192.168.5.24.53014 > 225.0.0.1.ha-cluster: UDP, length 226
...
^C
16 packets captured
16 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel 2）MySQL02端：
# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start
Starting High-Availability services: INFO:Resource is stopped
INFO:Resource is stopped
Done.
# ip add|grep 192.168.3
inet 192.168.3.24/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global eth1
inet 192.168.3.32/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global secondary eth1
四、参考博文：
CentOS 6.5 heartbeat高可用集群的详解实现以及工作流程
heartbeat mysql nfs 高可用mysql集群
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